2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題與及答案解析

2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

PartIWriting（30minutes）

請于正式開考后半〃'時內(nèi)完成該部分，之后將進(jìn)行聽力考試。

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourschoolnewspaperonavolunteer

activity

organizedbyyourStudentUniontohelpelderlypeopleintheneighborhood.Youshouldwriteatleast120words

notmore

than180words.

【范文】

YoungVolunteersVisitedaNursingHome

VolunteersfromouruniversityvisitedanursinghomelocatedinHangzhouonJune14th,whichwashighly

appraised

bytheelderlythere.

Uponthestudents'arrival,tearsofjoyglistenedintheseniors'eyeswhenthe

youngstudentsprese

well-preparedgifts.Then,thestudentstalkedtothemone-on-onewithkindness.Boththeyouthandtheaged

werewilling

tosharetheirlifestories,immersinginanatmosphereofjoy.Whenitwastimefortheyoungsterstoleave,

theelderly

thankedthemoverandoveragain.Andthevolunteersexpressedthattheylearnedalotandwereallstunnedby

the

optimismtheirelderlyfriendshadfortheirfuture.

AccordingtoWinstonChurchill,aBritishstatesman,uwemakealivingbywhatweget,

butwemakealifeby

wegive."Thevisitnotonlyenrichestheseniors'dailylife,butalsoprovidestheyouth

withanopportunitytolearn

importantlifelessonsfromtheelderlyresidents.ByAria,schoolnewspaper

【點評】

寫作試題是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用英語語言的能力，四級寫作試題對考生的要求也越來越高。今年考查了新聞報道

這一新的文章體裁，這也就意味著出題人更加強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生把考場作文和真實生活中的寫作聯(lián)系在一起，對于學(xué)生觀察

生活的能力提出了更高的要求-注意到新聞的格式和內(nèi)容安排的特點。一方面，新畫報道需要寫出標(biāo)題和落款，

標(biāo)題注意簡潔明了，落款既要寫出人名還要按照新聞報道的格式寫出bysb.,最后還要寫出所在的新聞機(jī)構(gòu)。另一

方面，在內(nèi)容上，分三段進(jìn)行寫作，第一段寫導(dǎo)語，點明事件的基本情況（時間、地點、事件、人物、目的或意義）

第二段寫經(jīng)過（一般按照時間順序進(jìn)行書寫，同時可以對其中一個小事進(jìn)行特寫，中間還可以穿插人物采訪）；第三段

寫對這一事件，人物的看法、想法和觀點。

在體裁上雖然不同于以往四級命題的規(guī)律，但是萬變不離其宗的是仍然把學(xué)生對英語語言能力的運(yùn)用能力作為

考查重點。綜觀近五年的四級寫作命題趨勢，無論是要說明理由、解釋原因、闡明影響，第一段的功能始終都是引

入，這跟新聞報道的第一段寫導(dǎo)語是一致的，所以考生可以結(jié)合以往作文的行文思路作為切入點書寫新聞報道。第

二段是濃墨重彩的一段，而新聞報道與普通作文的區(qū)別是更側(cè)重事實，所以要求考生在書寫的時候只需要客觀寫出

事情的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果即可。第三段無論是以往的作文還是新聞報道，都需要給出總結(jié)（對事件的看法和觀點），

在新聞報道的結(jié)尾段作出對事件的評價和寫出所的感悟就可以了。

今年考查的話題是養(yǎng)老院、農(nóng)場和當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)，與考生的生活比較貼近，在寫作時，列舉的例子應(yīng)較為典型，這

樣閱卷老師很容明白考生文中所描述的內(nèi)容。同時，考生對這個例子也應(yīng)很熟悉，能夠熟練運(yùn)用一些有關(guān)的詞或短

語，這樣下筆時才會有話可說，從而將相關(guān)的背景知識與正確的語言表達(dá)有效地結(jié)合起來。這些話題與大學(xué)生的生

活息息相關(guān)。這些話題對于考生而言都會有話可說，并且能夠提出一定的看法和觀點。

Part2ListeningComprehension（25minutes）

本次四級聽力難度適中，就聽力文本的主題而言，難度略有下降。因為今年這套聽力的內(nèi)容和大學(xué)生生活較為

貼近，主題以校園，生活類為主，沒有難度較大的政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)，科技，科普之類的主題，因而，對聽力較好的同學(xué)

而言，應(yīng)該會感受到比往年題目聽到的生詞少。

但題目設(shè)置上的難度并沒有降低（沒有題目，紅色字體為猜測出題點）o由于目前還沒有試卷選項，單就原文和

出題位置來看，出題位置符合“頭尾重點"邏'輯”處等考點，考生在應(yīng)試時若把握好這這些內(nèi)容，應(yīng)能較快反應(yīng)出對

應(yīng)的答案。

SectionA

Newsreport1

此篇新聞是關(guān)于一個從舊金山游到Alktrask島嶼的9歲男孩，首發(fā)于2016年1月美聯(lián)社的報道。這屬于社會

新聞，是新聞中聽懂難度較低的一種。但這篇新聞存在較多地點專有名詞，可能會對考生在聽力中造成影響。

1.新聞主旨題。重點聽開頭前兩句。2.新聞細(xì)節(jié)題。

2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

A9-year-oIdcentralCaliforniaboybravedstrongcurrentsandcoldwatertoswimfromSanFranciscoto

Alcatraz

Islandandback.ACaliforniatelevisionstationEnfresno,reportedTuesdaythatJimSavage,setarecordasthe

youngest

swimmertomakethejourneytotheformerprison.TheTVstationreportedthatbycompletingtheswim,the

fourthgrade

studentfromLosbaniosbrokearecordpreviouslyheldbya1O-year-oldboy.JimsaidthatwavesintheSan

FranciscoBay

hittinghimintheface30minutesintothisswim,madehimwanttogiveup.Hisfathersaid,hehadofferedhis

son100

dollarsasareward.Toencouragehisstrugglingson,hedoubleditto200dollars.Jamespushedforward,making

itto

AlcatrazIslandandbackinalittlemorethan2hours.Alcatrazisoveramilefromthemainland.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.WhatdidtheboyfromcentralCaliforniadoaccordingtoreport?

2.Whatdidthefatherdotoencouragehisson?

Newsreport2

這篇新聞講述了大家比較熟悉的事件，關(guān)于我國將取消晚婚假。內(nèi)容生詞較少，對于考生聽懂的難度應(yīng)該不高。

1.考察新聞中’原因”要素。由于是此篇新聞的第一題，考點句仍然落在頭兩句。

2.結(jié)尾處+轉(zhuǎn)折處考點。

OnthefirstJanuary,newregulationswerecomingtoafactwhicheliminatedanannualleavebonusfor

peoplewhoput

offmarriageuntiltheageof23forwomenand25formen,theSouthChinamorningpostreports.Theholiday

bonuswasto

designtoencourageyoungpeopletodelaygettingmarried,inlineswithChina-childpolicy,butwithJthse

cjnoelicynow

beenabolished,thisholidayincentiveisnolongernecessary.

Thegovernmentsays.Inshanghai,theyoungcoupleattheregistrationofficetoldthepaperthatthey

decidedto

registertheirmarriageassoonaspossibletotakeadvantageoftheexistingpolicy.Becauseanextraholiday

wasabigdeal

forthem.InBeijing,oneregistrationofficehadabout300couplesseekingtogetmarriedthedayafterthe

changeswere

announced.Ratherthantheusualnumber,oftenbetween70and80,butonelawyertellthepaperthechanges

stillhaveto

beadoptedbylocalgovernmentsandthisprocedurestaketime,sopeoplewhoarerushingforamarriagecan

relax.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.WhatwaspurposeoftheannualleavebonusofChina?

4.Whatdowelearnaboutthenewregulations?

Newreport3

這篇新聞新西蘭兩個女傭創(chuàng)業(yè)，專門負(fù)責(zé)清理家庭聚會后的殘局。

1.主旨題。.考點句位于開頭處。3.結(jié)尾考點。

Everyonelovesagoodhouseparty,butthecleaningupinthenextmorningisn'tas

enjoyable.Nowh

Zealandbasedstartupcompanyaimstobringmessyhomesandevensplittingheadachesbacktonormal.The

properly

namedstartupMorningAfterMaids,waslaunchedabout1monthagoinAucklandbyroom-maidsRebeccaFollyand

CatherineAshers.Asidefromcleaningup,thetwowillalsocookbreakfastandevengetcoffeeandpainkillers

for

recoveringmerrymakers.Althoughtheyarebothgainfullyemployed,theydidcleaningjobsintotheirnightsand

weekends

whichiswhentheirserviceisinmostdemandanyway.

Besidesbeingflattedwithrequestfromacrossthecountry,FollyandAshershavealsoreceivedrequestfrom

theUS

andCanadatoprovidetheservicesthere,theyarereportedlymeetingwithlawyerstoseehowbesttotakethe

business

forward,

Question5—7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?

6.whatisthecommonproblemofthehouseparty?

7.whatareRebeccaFollyandCatherinAshishplanningtodo?

LongConversation1

長對話

這篇長對話生活類題材，話題也是大家非常熟悉的考駕照。是兩人就男生的駕考進(jìn)行對話，男生是對話的核心，

回答女生的問題。

1.細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在對話開頭處。2.細(xì)節(jié)題。3.細(xì)節(jié)題。4.細(xì)節(jié)題。

W:Carl,howdidyourdriver'stheoryexamgo?Itwasyesterday,right?

2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

M:Yes,I'vepreparedasmuchasIcould.ButIwassonervoussinceitwasmysecondtrial.Thepeople

whoworked

atthetestcenterwereverykindthough.Wehadalittleconversationwhichcalmedmedownabit,andthatwas

justwhatI

needed.Then,aftertheexam,theyprintedoutmyresult.ButIwasafraidtoopenituntilIwasoutside.Iwas

sucharelief

thatIpassed.

W:Congratulations!Iknewyoucoulddoit.Ithinkyouunderestimatedhowdifficultitwouldbethefirst

time,didn

you?Ihearalotofpeoplemakethatmistakeandgoinunderprepared.Butgoodjobinpassingthesecondtime.

I

proudofyou.Now,allyouhavetodonextisyourroadtest.Haveyouhadanylessonsyet?

M:Yes,thanks.Imsohappytobeactuallyontheroadnow.I'veonlyhadtwo

drivinglessonssofar,an

instructorisveryunderstanding.So,I'mreallyenjoyingit.Ican'

ns^sasreiamther

expensive.20poundsanhour,andtheinstructorsaysI'11needabove30-40lessons8

ihntadtarel,dtat

pounds.So,thistime,I'11needtomakealotmoreeffort,andhopefully,Iime.'11

besuccessfulthefirstt

W:Well,goodluck.

Questions8-11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?

9.Whydidhefailtheexamthefirsttime?

10.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisdrivinglessons?

11.Whatdoesthemanhopetodonext?

LongConversation2

這篇對話是校園場景類的對話，出現(xiàn)了很多往年校園場景類對話中出現(xiàn)過的詞匯。對話內(nèi)容是兩個學(xué)生在討論

他們的學(xué)習(xí)和畢業(yè)后的工作。開頭題，考點句就在第一輪對話的問句里。細(xì)節(jié)題，這輪對話是女生提問，男生回答，

重點聽男生說話，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)only所在的句子。細(xì)節(jié)題。和第二題同一輪對話，所以重點仍然是男生說自己，或者

女生說對方的內(nèi)容。最后一輪對話是男生提問，所以重點聽女生。關(guān)注but轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容。

M:Emma,I'vegotacceptedtotheuniversityofLeads.Sinceyou'regoingto

universityinEngland,doyo

muchitisforinternationalstudentstostudythere?

W:Congratulations.Yes,Ibelieveforinternationalstudents,you'11havetopay

around13,000pounds

abitmorethanthelocalstudents.

M:OK,that'sabout17,000dollarsforthetuitionandfees.Anyway,I'monly

goingtobethereforay

masters.Soitsprettygood.IfIstayedintheU.S.,itdtake2years,andscinostutiat

itolneaslotrfeQ,ODLdliar

haveagoodchanceofwinningascholarshipatLeads,whichwouldbeprettyawesome,thebenefitofbeinga

musicgenius.

W:Yeah,Iheardyouareatalentedpianoplayer.Soyouaredoingapost-graduatedegreenow?

I'irmnsytiHast

year,graduatingnextJune.Finally,I11bedonewithmystudies,andcouldgoontoearning

lotsofmoney.

M:Areyoustillplanningonbeingateacher?Nomoneyatthatjobthen.

W:You'dbesurprised,I'mstillgoingtobeateadiepr.la&ntisthtoeworkataninternationalschool

overseas,after

IgetayearorsoexperienceinEngland.It'sbetterpaid,andIgettotravel,whichreminds

meI

I'vegotsomedocumentsIneedtoprintoutfirst.I'vegottorun.

Questions12-15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

13.Whatisthemangoingtodo?

14.Whatmightqualifythemanforascholarshipattheleadsuniversity?

15.Whatisthewomanplanningtodoaftergraduation?

Passage1

短文第一篇是說明介紹性的文章，介紹了螞蟻，著重介紹了對于人類房屋有危害的螞蟻品種。文章主旨題，答

案出現(xiàn)在聽力開篇處。第二題的出現(xiàn)位置較后，需要考生保持耐心。聽到“inaddition的”時候緊張起來，就能聽到

答案句最后一道題往往出在結(jié)尾處。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的信息。

原文：

Scientistshaveidentifiedthousandsofknownantsspeciesaroundtheworld.Andonlyafewofthembug

humans.

Mostantsliveinthewoods,oroutinnature.There,theykeepothercreaturesincheck,distributeseeds,and

cleandeadand

decayingmaterialsfromtheground.Averysmallpercentageofantsdoharmtohumans.Butthoseareincredibly

2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

challengingtocontrol.Theyaresmallenoughtoeasilyslipinsideyourhouse.Liveincoloniesthatnumberin

thetensof

thousandstothehundredsofthousands,andreproducequickly.Thatmakesthemgoodatgettingin,andhardto

kickout.

Oncetheysettlein,theseinsectsstartaffectingyourhome.Inadditiontobargingants,otherspeciescan

causedifferent

kindsofdamage.Some,likecarpenterants,canundermineahomestructure,whileothersinterferewiththe

electricalunits.

Unfortunately,ourhomesareveryattractivetoants,becauseitprovideseverythingthecolonyneedsto

survive,such

asfood,water,andshelter.So,howcanwepreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?Mostimportantofall,

avoidgiving

antsanyaccesstofood,particularlysugaryfood,becauseantshaveasweettooth.Wealsoneedtocleanup

spillsassoonas

theyoccur,andstorefoodinair-tightcontainers.Evengarbageattractsants,soemptyyourtrashasoftenas

possible.And

storeyouroutsidegarbageinaliddedcan,whileawayfromdoorsandwindows.

Questions16-18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

16.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutants?

17.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcarpenterants?

18.Whatcanwedotopreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?

Passage2

短文第2篇是一篇自述，介紹了‘我”在老年保健領(lǐng)域的研究工作。體裁接近下午六級sectionCo文章主旨題，

答案出現(xiàn)在聽力開篇處，第一句話直接出答案，在開頭走神的考生很容易失去第一道題的答案。細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題，

和第2題的位置很接近。但通過反復(fù)聽到的“old”和‘health,"不港逢嗒案。

原文：

Myresearchfocusisonwhathappenstoourimmunesystemasweage.Sothejoboftheimmunesystemisto

fight

infections.Italsoprotectsusfromvirusesandfromautoimmunediseases.Weknowthataswegetolder,it，s

easierforusto

getaffections.Soolderadultshavemorechancesoffallingill.Thisisevidencethatourimmunesystemreally

doesn，t

functionsowellwhenweage.Inmostofourwork,whenwewerelookingatolderadults

who'vegota

havetohavehealthcontrols.SoweworkverycloselywithagreatgroupofvolunteerscalledtheOneThousand

Elders,

thesevolunteersareall65orover,butingoodhealth.Theycometotheuniversitytoprovideuswithblood

samplestobe

interviewedandtohelpustocarryoutawholerangeofresearch.Therealimpactofourresearchisgoingto

beonhealthin

oldage.Atthemoment,wearelivingmuchlonger.Lifeexpectancyisincreasingat2yearsforeverydecade,

thatmeansan

extra5hoursaday.Iwanttomakesurethatolderadultsarestillabletoenjoytheiroldage,andthatthey

arenotspending

timeinhospitalwithinfection.Fellingunwellandbeinggenerallyweakwewantpeopletobehealthyevenwhen

theyare

old.

Questions19-21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.Whatisthefocusofthespeaker'sresearch?

20.Whatarethevolunteersareaskedtodointheresearch?

21.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillbetheimpactofhisresearch?

Passage3

短文第3篇是記敘文，人物故事題。介紹了一個老師在小學(xué)教授國際象棋的事，也介紹了這所小學(xué)的教學(xué)特點。

介紹學(xué)校和人物故事是四級短文出現(xiàn)很多次的類型。

1.第一題答案仍然出現(xiàn)在聽力開篇處，第一句話直接出答案。2.細(xì)節(jié)題。3.細(xì)節(jié)題4.細(xì)節(jié)題。

WhenTedKomadastartedteaching14yearsagoatKilipElementary,hedidn'tknowhow

tomanageacl

wasstrugglingtoconnectwithstudents,henoticedacoupleofdaysafterschoolthatagroupofkidwouldget

togetherto

playchess."Iknowhowtoplaychess,letmegoandshowthesekidshowtodoit,

hesaid.Now,Kom

school'schessteam.Thewholeprogramstartedasasafeplaceforkidstocomeafterschool.Andthisweek,

dozensof

thosestudentsaregettingreadytoheadouttoNashvilleTennesseetocompetewithabout5000otheryoung

peopleatthe

SuperNationalsofChess.Thecompetitiononlyhappenseveryfouryears,andthelasttimetheteamwent,they

wonthe

thirdplaceinthenation.KomadasaysChessgiveshimandhisstudentscontrol.Theschoolhasthehighest

numberofkids

fromlow-incomefamilies.Policefrequenttheareadayandnight.As2monthsago,ayoungmanwasshotjust

downthe

street.Komadalikestoteachhisstudentsthattheyshouldthinkabouttheirmovebeforetheydoit.The

lessonsproved

valuableoutsidetheclassroomaswell.Manyparentsseetheselessonstranslateintotherealworld.Students

aremorelikely

tothinkabouttheiractionsandseewhethertheywillleadtotrouble.

2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

Questions22-25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.WhatdidTedKomadanoticeonedayafterhestartedteachingatKilipElementary?

23.WhataredozensofstudentsfromKomada'sschoolgoingtodothisweek?

24.WhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsofKilipElementary?

25.WhathavethestudentslearnedfromKomada?

PartinReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfor

eachblankfroma

listofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemaking

yourchoices.

Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonANSWER

SHEET2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Shipsareoftensunkinordertocreateunderwaterreefs(暗礁)perfectforscubadriving(水肺式潛泳)

andpreserving

marine26.Turkishauthoritieshavejustsunksomethingalittledifferentthanaship,andit

wouldn'tnormallyevertouch

water,anAirbusA300.Thehollowed-outA300was27ofeverythingpotentiallyharmfultotheenvironmentand

sunkoff

theAegeancoasttoday/Notonlywillthesunkenplane28theperfectskeletonforartificialreefgrowth,but

authorities

hopethisnewunderwaterattractionwillbringtouristtothearea.

Theplane29atotallengthof54meters,whereexperiencedscubadiverswill30beabletoventurethrough

thecabin

andaroundtheplane's31.Aydiicniitryboughttheplanefromaprivatecompanyforjustunder

US$100,000,but

theyhopetoseeareturnonthat32throughthetourismindustry.TourismthroughoutTurkeyisexpectedto

fallthisyearas

thecountryhasbeenthe33ofseveraldeadlyterroristattacks.Asfarassunkenplanesgo,thisAirbusA300is

thelargest34

sunkaircraftever.

Takingatripunderwaterand35theinsideofasunkenA300wouldbequiteanadventure,andthatis

exactlywhat

Turkishauthoritiesarehopingthisattractionwillmakepeoplethink.Drawinginadventureseekersand

experienceddivers,

thisnewartificialAirbusreefwillbeascubadiver天堂).’sparadise(

A)createB)depressedC)eventuallyD)ExperiencesE)exploringF)exteriorG)habitatsH)innovate

I)intentionallyJ)investmentK)revealingL)stretches

M)strippedN)territory0)victim

答案：26.G27.M28.A29.L30.C31.F32.J33.034.I35.E

【答案解析】

26.根據(jù)空格位置，marine此處形容詞，可判斷出26題應(yīng)為名詞。marine的意思是“海生的，海運(yùn)的”固定搭

配

umarinehabitat海洋棲’息地。所以本題答案為"G'habita棲息地

27.根據(jù)空格位置，詞性應(yīng)該為動詞的被動態(tài)。本篇文章對A300持有肯定態(tài)度，所以此句想表達(dá)“A300對環(huán)

境沒有任何潛在的壞處，故答案應(yīng)為,"bestripped意f為"錄存'。

28.此題空格前有“will所以，此處應(yīng)填動詞原形。選項中動詞原形有“A”和甘根，據(jù)句意得知，沉沒的飛

機(jī)可

以讓人工珊瑚長的更好。所以本題答案為“A"，create創(chuàng)’造產(chǎn)生

29.此處應(yīng)填動詞原形，主語為“plane,"故謂語動詞應(yīng)為單三形式。所以答案是“L"，stretch意為‘延|申”，

止攸h

指“飛機(jī)機(jī)身總長為54米'o

30.此處應(yīng)填副詞，用來修飾后面的"beabletoventure答案應(yīng)鎖定在"Ceventual希"L"intentionao

lly這句話

的意思是水肺式潛水者能夠在船輪內(nèi)冒險。故選項"C'eventually顆地”，更符合句意。

31.此處應(yīng)填名詞形式，因為空格前為“Plane'。名s”詡頤有“F和'N'?？崭裉幥鞍刖涫菚r候水肺式潛水者能

夠在船艙內(nèi)冒險，所以后半句應(yīng)該為他們也可以在船艙外面冒險。故答案為exterio外部“，施”。

32.因為空格前為“onthat所以.此處應(yīng)為名詞。本句話的大意是：買這架飛機(jī)花了很多錢，所以他們希望通過

旅游業(yè)能夠看到自己投資的回報。所以答案為“J"investmen投資“'。

33.此處應(yīng)填名詞形式?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容為“嚴(yán)重的致命恐廂襲擊”，所以空格處應(yīng)為victim受，"。故答案為

“戈

34.此處應(yīng)為副詞形式。因為副詞修飾形容詞"largest。副’詞只"I"intentional葡目的性地，故意地，修

飾后

面sunk,所以本題答案為“I?！?/p>

2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

M

35.此.題應(yīng)為v.-ing形式，與and前的takingatripunderwater保持并o"E"exploring"K"revealin都

是v.-ing

形式。根據(jù)本句句意，"E'exploring德“"更符合句意。本句話的意思是“水下旅行和探索沉沒的A300的內(nèi)部都會

是一場冒險

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontains

informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.You

maychoose

aparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthe

corresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2.

ResilienceIsAboutHowYouRecharge,NotHowYouEndure

[A]Asconstanttravelersandparentsofa2-year-old,wesometimesfantasizeabouthowmuchworkwecando

when

oneofusgetsonaplane,undistractedbyphones,friends,ormovies.Weracetogetallourgroundworkdone:

packing,

goingthroughsecurity,doingalast-minuteworkcall,callingeachother,thenboardingtheplane.Then,when

wetryto

havethatamazingworksessioninflight,wegetnothingdone.Evenworse,afterrefreshingouremailorreading

thesame

studiesoverandover,wearetooexhaustedwhenwelandtosoldieronwith（繼續(xù)處理）theemailsthathave

inevitablystill

piledup.

[B]Whyshouldflyingdepleteus?We'rejustsittingtheredoingnothing,more

resilie*n1t（有

復(fù)原力的）anddeterminedinourworksowecanaccomplishallofthegoalswesetforourselves?Basedonour

current

research,wehavecometorealizethattheproblemisnotourhecticscheduleortheplanetravelitself;the

problemcomes

fromamisconceptionofwhatitmeanstoberesilient,andtheresultingimpactofoverworking.

[C]Weoftentakeamilitaristic,“tough”approachtoresilienceanddeterminationlikea

Marinepullinghimself

throughthemud,aboxergoingonemoreround,orafootballplayerpickinghimselfupoffthegroundforone

moreplay.

Webelievethatthelongerwetoughitout,thetougherweare,andthereforethemoresuccessfulwewillbe.

However,this

entireconceptionisscientificallyinaccurate.

[D]Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingbackourcollectiveabilitytoberesilient

andsuccessful.

Researchhasfoundthatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlackofrecoveryandincreasedincidenceofhealth

andsafety

problems.Andlackofrecovery-whetherbydisruptingsleepwiththoughtsofworkorhavingcontinuous

cognitivearousal

bywatchingourphones-iscostingourcompanies$62billionayearinlostproductivity.

[E]Andjustbecauseworkstops,itdoesnareret（nmeffriWe“stop”worksometimesat

5pm,butthenwe

spendthenightwrestlingwithsolutionstoworkproblems,talkingaboutourworkoverdinner,andfalling

asleepthinking

abouthowmuchworkwe11dotomorrow.Inastudyjustreleased,recdiasarsfromNorwayfoundthat7.8%of

Norwegianshavebecomeworkaholics（工作狂）.Thescientistsciteadefinitionof

Mworkaholism"asbeing

concernedaboutwork,drivenbyanuncontrollableworkmotivation,andinvestingsomuchtimeandeffortinwork

thatit

impairsotherimportantlifeareas.

[F]WebelievethatthenumberofpeoplewhofitthatdefinitionincludesthemajorityofAmericanworkers,

which

promptedustobeginastudyofworkaholismintheU.S.Ourstudywillusealargecorporatedatasetfroma

majormedical

companytoexaminehowtechnologyextendsourworkinghoursandthusinterfereswithnecessarycognitive

recovery,

resultinginhugehealthcarecostsandturnovercostsforemployers.

[G]Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.Parentstryingtoteachtheirchildren

resilience

mightcelebrateahighschoolstudentstayingupuntil3amtofinishasciencefairproject.Whatadistortion

ofresilience!A

resilientchildisawell-restedone.Whenanexhaustedstudentgoestoschool,heriskshurtingeveryoneonthe

roadwithhis

impaireddriving;hedoesn'thavethecognitiveresourcestodowellonhisEnglishtest;hehasIcr

w^enrtsrciellfkLthhis

friends;andathome,heismoodywithhisparents.Overworkandexhaustionaretheoppositeofresilienceand

thebad

habitsweacquirewhenwe'reyoungonlymagnifywhenwehittheworkforce.

[H]AsJimLoehrandTonySchwartzhavewritten,ifyouhavetoomuchtimeintheperformancezone,youneed

more

timeintherecoveryzone,otherwiseyouriskburnout.Gatheringyourresourcesto

“tryhard”require

ordertoovercomeyourcurrentlylowarousallevel.Italsoworsensexhaustion.Thusthemoreimbalancedwe

becomedue

tooverworking,themorevaluethereisinactivitiesthatallowustoreturntoastateofbalance.Thevalue

ofarecovery

periodrisesinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredofus.

2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

[I]Sohowdowerecoverandbuildresilience?Mostpeopleassumethatifyoustopdoingatasklike

answeringemails

orwritingapaper,yourbrainwillnaturallyrecover,sothatwhenyoustartagainlaterinthedayorthenext

morning,you'11

haveyourenergyback.Butsurelyeveryonereadingthishashadtimeswhenyoulieinbedforhours,unableto

fallasleep

becauseyourbrainisthinkingaboutwork.Ifyoulieinbedforeighthours,youmayhaverested,butyoucan

stillfeel

exhaustedthenextday.That'sbecauserestandrecoveryarenotthesamething.

[J]Ifyou'retryingitlodbreusilieneeatwork,youneedadequateinternalandexternalrecoveryperiods

As

researchersZijlstra,CropleyandRydstedtwriteintheir2014paper:uInternal

recoveryreferstotheshorter

relaxationthattakeplacewithintheframesofthew