高中一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)北師大版講義必修四Unit12CultureShock

[一積詞匯見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫(xiě)其義1．wandervi.漫游，閑逛 2.tastyadj.美味的3．foggyadj.多霧的_ 4.physiciann．內(nèi)科醫(yī)生5．indicatevt.表明；表示_ 6.vastadj.巨大的，廣闊的7．exportvt.出口，輸出 8.literaturen．文學(xué)9．unfairadj.不公平的 10.forgivevt.寬恕，饒恕(二)表達(dá)詞匯寫(xiě)其形1．owevt.欠(情、債等) 2.absorbvt.理解；掌握；吸收3．exchangevt.兌換，交換 4.mannersn．禮貌5．requestn．請(qǐng)求 6.attach_vt.喜歡，依戀；系7．a(chǎn)nyhowadv.總之，反正 8.whisper_vi.低語(yǔ)，耳語(yǔ)9．parceln．郵包，包裹 10.handkerchiefn．手帕，紙巾(三)拓展詞匯靈活用*1.additionn．相加；增加物→additionaladj.補(bǔ)充的，額外的，附加的2.apologyn．道歉，認(rèn)錯(cuò)→apologizev．道歉，謝罪3.expectationn．期待的事物；預(yù)期→expectvt.期待，預(yù)料；指望→expectedadj.預(yù)期的，預(yù)料的4.majorityn．大半，大多數(shù)→majoradj.主要的vi.主修*5.reasonableadj.合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)摹鷕easonn．理由v.推論；勸說(shuō)；理解→reasonablyadv.合理地；相當(dāng)?shù)?6.movementn．動(dòng)作；活動(dòng)→movev．移動(dòng)；感動(dòng)→movableadj.可移動(dòng)的→movingadj.令人感動(dòng)的→movedadj.感動(dòng)的*7.curiouslyadv.好奇地；奇怪地→curiousadj.好奇的→curiosityn．好奇心8.cautiousadj.小心翼翼的，謹(jǐn)慎的→cautionn．小心，謹(jǐn)慎*9.injurevt.傷害→injuryn．傷害，損害→injuredadj.受傷的*10.educatorn．教育者→educationn．教育→educatedadj.有教養(yǎng)的→educatevt.教育用上面加*號(hào)的單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Hisgenerousdonationfilledourneedforadditionalfunds,andinaddition,_itencouragedmoreandmorepeopletogiveahand.2．Hisexplanationwasnotreasonable,_soallofusdidn'taccepthisreasonforbeingabsence.Heshouldapologizetousreasonably.3．Theboyiscuriouslywatchingwhattheoldmanisdoinginthegardenandheisalwayscuriousabouttheworldoutsideandshowsgreatcuriosityaboutwhatisgoingoninnature.4．Thecouplemovedintothemovablehouseandtheyfeltmuchmovedtoseethemovingmovieaftermovingintothenewhouse.5．Threepeoplewerekilledandfiveinjuredinthecrash.Thedoctorsaidtwooftheinjuredhadseriousinjuries.6．Twothousandstudentswereeducatedbythefamouseducator,_manyofwhomreceivedfurthereducationlater.[話(huà)題單詞積累]1．represent/repr?'zent/v． 代表2．traditional/tr?'d???nl/adj. 傳統(tǒng)的3．share/?e?(r)/vt. 分享4．a(chǎn)ttractive/?'tr?kt?v/adj. 有吸引力的5．valuable/'v?lju?bl/adj. 有價(jià)值的6．preference/'prefr?ns/n. 偏愛(ài)7．misunderstand/?m?s?nd?'st?nd/v．誤解8．touch/t?t?/v. 觸摸9．bow/ba?/v. 鞠躬10．a(chǎn)ppearance/?'p??r?ns/n. 儀表11．custom/'k?st?m/n. 風(fēng)俗12．conversation/?k?nv?'se??n/n. 談話(huà)，交談13．behave/b?'he?v/vt. 守規(guī)矩，行為14．behavior/b?'he?vj?/n. 行為，舉止15．respond/r?'sp?nd/vi. 回答，回應(yīng)， 作出反應(yīng)16．a(chǎn)wkward/'??kw?d/adj. 令人尷尬的， 難應(yīng)付的17．impolite/??mp?'la?t/adj. 不禮貌的18．social/'s???l/adj. 社會(huì)的， 社交的19．punctual/'p??kt?u?l/adj. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的20．heritage/'her?t?d?/n. 遺產(chǎn)21．symbol/'s?mbl/n. 象征22．gesture/'d?est??(r)/n. 儀態(tài)23．occasion/?'ke??n/n. 場(chǎng)合24．extraordinary/?k'str??dnri/adj. 非凡的25．vivid/'v?v?d/adj. 生動(dòng)的26．casual/'k??u?l/adj. 隨意的27．a(chǎn)bstract/'?bstr?kt/adj. 抽象的；深?yuàn)W的28．rank/r??k/n. 職銜，軍銜29．status/'ste?t?s/n. 地位，身份30．title/'ta?tl/n. 頭銜31．celebration/?sel?'bre??n/n. 慶祝；慶祝會(huì)32．feast/fi?st/n. 盛宴，宴會(huì)33．unique/ju'ni?k/adj. 獨(dú)特的34．decorate/'dek?re?t/vt. 裝飾，修飾35．reflect/r?'flekt/v. 反映[二積短語(yǔ)頓挫抑揚(yáng)][課內(nèi)短語(yǔ)回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出下列短語(yǔ)*1.get_used_to習(xí)慣于 *2.see_...off_給(某人)送行3.belong_to屬于 *4.give_..._a_lift_給……搭車(chē)，搭便車(chē)5.insist_on堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求 6.stare_at盯著看；凝視7.be_attached_to附屬于 8.in_poor_condition狀況不好9.at_least至少 *10.contrary_to與……相反*11.be_sensitive_to對(duì)……敏感 *12.put/bring_an_end_to結(jié)束(二)用上面加*號(hào)的短語(yǔ)完成下列句子1．Itwaslateatnight,andtherewasnobus.Fortunately,amandrivingacargavemea_lift.2．Don'tworry—you'llsoonget_used_tohissenseofhumour.3．Contrary_tomyexpectation,hewonthespeechpetition.4．Healsosaidthattheyweredeterminedtoput/bring_an_end_toterrorism.5．Thismorningweallwenttotheairporttoseemymotheroff.6．Herreactionshowedthatshewas_sensitive_towhathesaidjustnow.[話(huà)題短語(yǔ)積累]1．haveagoodmandof 精通2．beproudof 以……為榮3．contributeto 有助于4．takeinterestin 對(duì)……感興趣5．followacustom 遵循習(xí)俗6．eyecontact 眼神交流7．a(chǎn)facialexpression 面部表情8．facetoface 面對(duì)面9．behavewell/badly 舉止良好/不好10．removeprejudiceandmisunderstanding 消除偏見(jiàn)和誤解11．culturalexchange 文化交流12．culturalbackground 文化背景13．cross-culturalmunication 跨文化交流14．multiculturalsociety 多元文化社會(huì)15．culturaldiversity 文化差異[三積句式寫(xiě)作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫(xiě)]1．特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式[例句]Decidewheretogoonholidaywithafriend.[仿寫(xiě)]選擇吃什么已經(jīng)不像以前那么簡(jiǎn)單了。Choosingwhat_to_eatisnolongeraseasyasitoncewas.2．haveadifficulttime(in)doingsth.[例句]WhenIfirstarrivedinSanFrancisco,IhadadifficulttimeunderstandingcertainaspectsoftheAmericanwayofdoingthings.[仿寫(xiě)]如果你變得富有了，你會(huì)很難了解誰(shuí)是你真正的朋友。Ifyoubeerich,youwillhave_a_difficult_time_knowing_who_your_real_friends_are.3．thelasttime用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句[例句]IhadasimilarexperiencethelasttimeIvisitedChina.[仿寫(xiě)]我記得你上一次參觀(guān)我們學(xué)校的時(shí)候給我看了一些關(guān)于那個(gè)主題的照片。(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))Irememberyoushowedmesomephotosonthatthemethe_last_time_you_visited_our_school.[話(huà)題佳句背誦]1．Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsorsocialcontact.文化沖擊是由于我們失去所熟悉的跡象、標(biāo)志或社會(huì)交往而產(chǎn)生的焦慮造成的。2．Manytraditionalvaluesareofpermanentsignificanceandshouldbeobservedinthemodernandpostmoderneras.許多傳統(tǒng)的價(jià)值觀(guān)具有永恒的意義，在現(xiàn)代與后現(xiàn)代都應(yīng)加以恪守。3．Manypeoplethinkthatlearningthetraditionalcultureisnotnecessary,whichiswrong.很多人認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)文化是沒(méi)必要的，這是錯(cuò)誤的。4．Alackofawarenessofculturaldiversityorlocalcustomscancreateproblems,causingtrouble.不注意文化差異或當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題，造成麻煩。[四背語(yǔ)段語(yǔ)感流暢]Asweallknow,everyculturehasitsownbodylanguage.Takegreetingsforexample,theFrenchareopen-minded;theyshakehandsandkisseachotheroneachcheekwhentheymeetpeopletheyknow.MenfromMiddleEastandotherMuslincountriesoftenstandclosetoothermentotalk,buttheywillnevertouchwomen;theyjustnodatwomen.Ingeneral,peopleallovertheworldnowgreeteachotherbyshakinghands,buttheJapaneseprefertobow.Noneoftheseactionsiseithergoodorbad.However,studyingitwillhelpreducemisunderstandingbetweenpeopleandavoidthedifficultiesinmunication.眾所周知，每一種文化都有自己的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)。以問(wèn)候?yàn)槔?，法?guó)人思想開(kāi)放，當(dāng)他們遇到認(rèn)識(shí)的人時(shí)，他們會(huì)握手并相互親吻面頰。來(lái)自中東和穆斯林國(guó)家的男人經(jīng)常站得離其他的男人很近談話(huà)，但他們從不接觸女性，他們只是對(duì)女性點(diǎn)頭。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，來(lái)自全世界的人們現(xiàn)在都通過(guò)握手來(lái)相互問(wèn)候，但是日本人更喜歡鞠躬。這些行為中沒(méi)有好或者是壞。但是研究這些行為有助于減少人們之間的誤會(huì)和避免交流困難。[第一板塊重點(diǎn)詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．owevt.欠(情、債等)；歸功于 [教材原句]Icertainlyoweyouanapologyfornotwritingmoreoften.沒(méi)有多給你寫(xiě)信我真的非常抱歉。owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb. 欠某人某物owe...to... 把……歸功于；歸因于owingto 因?yàn)?；由于oweittosb.that... 多虧了某人①Owing(owe)toyourhelp,Ihavemadegreatprogress.Inotherwords,Iowemyprogresstoyou.由于你的幫助，我取得了很大進(jìn)步。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，我把我的進(jìn)步歸功于你。②I_owe_it_to_you_thatIfinishedmyworkintime.多虧你幫忙，我才及時(shí)完成了工作。③Weowetheseachievementstothestrengthofreformandopening-upandtheperseveringspiritoftheChinesenation.我們把這些成就歸功于改革開(kāi)放以及中華民族不屈不撓的精神。2．a(chǎn)bsorbvt.吸收；理解；使專(zhuān)心；使全神貫注；掌握[教材原句]I'vejustbeensobusystudyingandtryingtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundme—IthinkI'mstillexperiencingcultureshock.我一直忙于學(xué)習(xí)，盡力了解身邊的新事物——我覺(jué)得自己一直在經(jīng)歷文化沖擊。(1)absorbsb.'sattentionto(doing)sth. 吸引某人對(duì)(做)某事的注意力(2)beabsorbedby/intosth./sb. 被……吞并；為……所吸收beabsorbedin(doing)sth. 全神貫注于/熱衷于……；一心從事……①Absorbed_in_painting,_Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.(2015·天津高考單選)專(zhuān)心于畫(huà)畫(huà)，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。②Alcoholmaytakeafewminutestobeabsorbedintothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrain.幾分鐘的時(shí)間酒精就會(huì)被吸收到血流中并開(kāi)始對(duì)大腦起作用。3.requestn．&vt.請(qǐng)求，要求[教材原句]tomakearequesttosomeoneyoudon'tknowverywell向你(們)不大熟悉的人表達(dá)請(qǐng)求(1)makearequestfor... 請(qǐng)求，要求……atsb.'srequest＝attherequestofsb. 應(yīng)某人的要求(2)requestsb.(not)todosth. 請(qǐng)求某人(不)做某事requeststh.from/ofsb. 向某人請(qǐng)求某物request(that)... 請(qǐng)求……Itis/wasrequestedthat... 據(jù)要求……①Allclassmembersarerequestedto_attend(attend)theannualmeeting.所有班級(jí)成員都被要求出席年會(huì)。②What'syouropinionofMrLi'srequestthatweshould_spend(spend)halfanhourreadingEnglishaloudeverymorning?你怎么看李老師要求我們每天早晨大聲朗讀半小時(shí)英語(yǔ)呢？③Sheboughtthenewputerat_the_request_ofherthreechildren.她應(yīng)三個(gè)孩子的要求購(gòu)買(mǎi)了新電腦。[名師點(diǎn)津]在與request相關(guān)的名詞性從句或“Itis/wasrequestedthat...”句型中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋do”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略。4．familiaradj.熟悉的，常見(jiàn)的[教材原句]JinLifoundtheAmericanwayoflifefamiliarsoonafterherarrivalintheUSA.金麗到達(dá)美國(guó)后不久，她就發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)人的生活方式對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)很熟悉。sb.befamiliarwithsth. 某人對(duì)某物很熟悉sth.befamiliartosb.＝sth.beknowntosb. 某物為某人所熟悉①Aftertheforeignguestswere_familiar_withtheChinesetraditionalfestivals,theylikedtoliveinChina.外國(guó)客人在熟悉了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日后，便喜歡在中國(guó)生活。②Theyarenotfamiliarwithcharitywork,whichisstillatanearlystageinChina.＝Charitywork,whichisstillatanearlystageinChina,isnotfamiliartothem.他們不太熟悉慈善工作，這項(xiàng)工作在中國(guó)還處于初始階段。5．a(chǎn)ttachvt.系，固定；附上，貼上；喜歡，依戀[教材原句]Atfirst,wedidn'tfeelwebelonghere,butnowweareattachedtothelandweliveon.起初，我們認(rèn)為自己并不屬于這里，但是現(xiàn)在我們已與我們所居住的土地緊緊地聯(lián)系在一起了。(1)attach...to... 把……固定到/附/貼在……上attachimportance/significance/valueto 認(rèn)為……重要/有意義/有價(jià)值attachoneselftosb. 與某人在一起；纏著某人(2)attachedadj. 依戀的；附加的(be)attachedto 附屬于；依戀①M(fèi)anyofusteenagersattach_much_more_importance_toourphonesthantoourfriends.(2014·重慶高考寫(xiě)作)我們很多青少年認(rèn)為要比朋友重要得多。②Attacharecentphotographtoyourapplicationform.申請(qǐng)表上請(qǐng)貼一張近照。③Thishospitalattached(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearbywasdestroyedintheflood.這家附屬于附近那所醫(yī)學(xué)院的醫(yī)院被洪水沖毀了。6．bearvi.&vt.(bore,borne/born)容忍；忍受；承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)；支撐；承受；生育；出生；結(jié)(果實(shí))；攜帶 [教材原句]Ican'tbearthewaythenativeAustralianshavebeentreated.我不能容忍澳大利亞土著人被對(duì)待的方式。[一詞多義]寫(xiě)出句中bear的含義①I(mǎi)twouldbeunjustforhimtobearpersonallythegreatexpenses.承擔(dān)②Thepainwasalmostmorethanhecouldbear.忍受③Theiceistoothintobearyourweight.支撐④Someofthenewplantedappleorchardshavealsobeguntobear.結(jié)(果實(shí))⑤Thestressmusthavebeenenormousbutsheboreitwell.承受beartheblame/responsibility 受責(zé)備/承擔(dān)責(zé)任can'tbeardoing/todosth. 不能忍受做某事bearsb./sb.'sdoingsth. 忍受某人做某事bearsth.inmind 牢記某事bearinmindthat... 牢記……⑥Icouldn'tbearto_listen/listening(listen)anylonger,soIlefttheroom.我實(shí)在聽(tīng)不下去了，便離開(kāi)了房間。⑦Bearing(bear)aheavyburden,shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren.肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān)，她必須努力工作撫養(yǎng)孩子。⑧Mymotheroftenremindsmetobear/keep_in_mind_thatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.(2014·福建高考書(shū)面表達(dá))媽媽經(jīng)常提醒我要記住“失敗乃成功之母”。[自主練通詞匯]1．exchangevt.&n.兌換，交換單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)amgoingtotravelabroad,soIgotoexchangesomeRMBfordollarsinthebank.②I'veofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchangeforaweek'sholiday.③Theyexchangeideasandfeelingswitheachother,throughwhichtheyprobablyacquiremoreknowledge.2．majorityn．大半，大多數(shù)單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Onlyaminorityofpeopleinthatcitydon'thaveacarwhilethepeopletakingsubwaytoworkareinthemajority.②IgraduatedfromChongqingNormalUniversityandmajored(majority)ininformationmanagement.③Themajorityofthedamageareeasytorepair.are→is[詞匯過(guò)關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．AlthoughthedragonisquitefamiliartomostChinese,nobodyhaseverseenarealone.2．Ayoungmanattachedhimself(he)tomeatthepartyandIcouldn'tgetridofhim.3．Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthemitteemembersare(be)againstit.4．Theoldmanoweshisgoodhealthtohisregularlifestyle.5．Nowonderhiswifeplainsabouthim.Noonecanbearhimstaying(stay)athome,doingnothingdayafterday.6．Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditions(should)_be_improved(improve)further.7．Thiskindofcreamiseasilyabsorbedintoskin,whichisagoodsellerthisyear.8．Iwillmakethebestoftheopportunitytoexchangeideaswiththem.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Werequestthatthesportsmeetingputoffbecauseofbadweather.put前加be2．SinceBeijingisfamiliarwithme,IcanshowvisitorsaroundtheplacesofinterestinBeijing.with→to3．Amajorityofthewaterweuseeverydayaregroundwater.are→is4．Shehasalwaysbeenverymuchattachedonherwork.on→to5．IowetoyouthatImadesuchrapidprogressinmyspokenEnglish.owe后加it6．Absorbinginhiswork，Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.Absorbing→AbsorbedⅢ.單句寫(xiě)作(補(bǔ)全句子)1．我所有的同學(xué)都認(rèn)為背誦英語(yǔ)課文很重要。Allmyclassmatesattach_great_importance_tolearningEnglishtextsbyheart.2．由于天氣惡劣，航班延誤了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。Owing_to_the_bad_weather,_theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.3．校長(zhǎng)要求學(xué)生不要曠課。Theheadmasterrequested_the_students_not_to_beabsentfromclass.4．從書(shū)店借來(lái)書(shū)之后，他便沉浸在這些書(shū)中。Hewas_absorbed_inthebooksafterborrowingthemfromabookshop.5．我對(duì)她的臉很熟悉，但我想不起她是誰(shuí)。Iwas_familiar_with_her_face,_butIcouldn'tquiteplaceher.[第二板塊短語(yǔ)、句式突破]1．getusedto習(xí)慣于[教材原句]You'regoingtohavetogetusedtobaconandeggswithafewslicesoftoastforbreakfastoverhere,AuntMei!梅姨，你必須得適應(yīng)這里腌肉、雞蛋加幾片烤面包的早餐！(1)be/bee/grow/getusedto(doing)sth.＝be/bee/grow/getaccustomedto(doing)sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(2)beusedtodosth. 被用來(lái)做某事(3)usedtodosth. 過(guò)去常常做某事(暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做了)①Theforeignstudentcouldnotgetusedtoeating(eat)thestrangefood.那個(gè)外國(guó)學(xué)生不習(xí)慣吃這種奇怪的食物。②putersareusedto_do(do)manythingsforpeoplenow.現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)被人們用來(lái)做很多事情。③We_used_to_sitintheyardeveryeveningandlistentomygrandpatellastory.我們過(guò)去常常每天晚上坐在院子里，聽(tīng)爺爺講故事。2．see...off給(某人)送行[教材原句]Heinsistedonwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.他堅(jiān)持陪我走到車(chē)站給我送行。seethrough 看透，識(shí)破；把……做完seeto 照料；注意；處理seetoitthat... 確保/保證……seeingthat... 因?yàn)?，由于；鑒于①Wemustseetoitthatalljobsarefinishedbefore5o'clock.我們必須確保所有的工作在5點(diǎn)前完成。②I'msogladyou'veeheretosee_to_this_matterinperson.我很高興你親自來(lái)這里處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。③Seeing_thatyou'realreadyatthedoor,IsupposeImustinviteyouinside.鑒于你已到了門(mén)口，我想我必須邀請(qǐng)你入內(nèi)。3．bringanendto結(jié)束，制止[教材原句]ThearrivalofwhitepeoplegraduallybroughtanendtothetraditionalAboriginalwayoflife.白人的到來(lái)逐漸結(jié)束了傳統(tǒng)土著人的生活方式。etoanend 結(jié)束，告終eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(bring...toanend,putanendto...)) 使……結(jié)束；終結(jié)……attheendof... 在……結(jié)束時(shí)；最終①I(mǎi)hopewe'llbringourquarrelto_an_endassoonaspossible.我希望我們盡快結(jié)束這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵。②Themeetingcame_to_an_endandhesetdownmanykeypoints.會(huì)議結(jié)束了，他記錄了很多要點(diǎn)。4．Decidewhere_to_go_on_holidaywithafriend.定好和朋友到哪兒去度假。句中wheretogoonholiday...為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作賓語(yǔ)。(1)wh-疑問(wèn)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，還可以作定語(yǔ)。(注意：why后不能直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式)(2)在“特殊疑問(wèn)代詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式往往與前面的疑問(wèn)代詞之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但不定式結(jié)構(gòu)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。①I(mǎi)tissaidthatwhenandwheretohaveameetinghas_been_decided(decide)．(作主語(yǔ))據(jù)說(shuō)何時(shí)何地舉行會(huì)議已經(jīng)確定。②Thereweresomanytoysthathedidn'tknowwhichoneto_choose(choose)．(作賓語(yǔ))有太多的玩具可供選擇以至于他不知道該選哪一個(gè)了。③Perhapsthemostdifficultchallengeishow_to_survive_without_friends.(作表語(yǔ))也許最艱難的挑戰(zhàn)就是沒(méi)有朋友的話(huà)應(yīng)該怎樣生存。5．Ihadasimilarexperiencethe_last_timeIvisitedChina.上次我到中國(guó)參觀(guān)時(shí)也有同樣的經(jīng)歷。(1)表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組thelasttime用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。名詞短語(yǔ)可以充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞還有：thefirst/second/thirdtime... 第一/二/三次……themoment/minute/instant... 一……就……every/eachtime 每次，每當(dāng)nexttime 下次①Every/Each_timeshecametoseeme,shealwaysrodeherelectricbike.每次她來(lái)看我，她總是騎著電動(dòng)車(chē)。②The_momenthegotoutoftheairport，thepopstarwassurroundedbyhisfans.這位著名歌星一出飛機(jī)場(chǎng)，就被歌迷圍了起來(lái)。(2)有些副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)也可以充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。immediately/directly/instantly... 一……就……bythetime... 到……時(shí)③Icametoseeyouinstantly(instant)Iheardthenews.我一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，馬上就來(lái)看你了。④By_the_time_I_got_to_the_airport,_theplaneshewasinhadjusttakenoff.當(dāng)我到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，她乘坐的飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。[短語(yǔ)、句式過(guò)關(guān)練]Ⅰ.用see短語(yǔ)填空(see...off/seethrough/seeto)1．Youwereveryclevertosee_throughhim.Hehaddeceivedtherestofus.2．Willyousee_tothearrangementsforthenextmeeting?3．Iwillgototherailwaystationtoseemybrotherofftomorrow.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(etoanend，attheendof，bringanendto)1．Onlythroughpoliticalsolutioncouldwebring_an_end_totheviolence.2．Allbadthingse_to_an_end,_soyouneedn'tfeeldepressed.3．Thecoldweatheratlastbrokeat_the_end_ofMarch.Ⅲ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換/補(bǔ)全句子1．Assoonastheresultcameout,shetoldus.①Themoment/second/minute/instanttheresultcameout,shetoldus.②Immediately/Directly/Instantlytheresultcameout,shetoldus.2．我最后一次見(jiàn)到凱特時(shí)，她正在研究野生動(dòng)物。The_last_timeIsawKate,shewasdoingresearchonwildanimals.3．如何應(yīng)付上漲的生活成本成了日常談?wù)摰脑?huà)題。What_to_do_with_the_rising_cost_of_livingbeesadailydiscussiontopic.4．這所寄宿學(xué)校的孩子現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣了每日早起。Childrenintheboardingschoolnowget_used_to_getting_up_earlyeveryday.eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線(xiàn)提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實(shí)現(xiàn)教材與高考的對(duì)接)提能一用課文詞匯寫(xiě)高分作文unforgettable，owingto，havedifficultyindoing，givesb.alift，municatewith，exchange1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語(yǔ))①去美國(guó)時(shí)我有一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。I_had_an_unforgettable_experiencewhenIwenttoAmerica.②由于我英語(yǔ)不好，我不知道如何乘出租車(chē)。Owing_tomypoorEnglish,Ihad_difficulty_in_takingataxi.③有一位熱心的女士讓我搭了個(gè)便車(chē)。Awarm-heartedwomangave_me_a_lift.④她告訴我如何乘車(chē)、如何問(wèn)路。Shetoldmehow_I_should_take_a_taxi_and_how_I_should_ask_for_ways.⑤我很感激她的幫助，意識(shí)到學(xué)好英語(yǔ)可以幫助我們跟外國(guó)人溝通和交流思想。Ireallyappreciatedherhelpandrealizedit'sofgreathelptolearnEnglishwellanditcanhelpusmunicate_with_foreigners_and_exchange_ideas.2．升級(jí)平淡句(1)用thelasttime升級(jí)句①I(mǎi)_had_an_unforgettable_experience_the_last_time_I_went_to_America.(2)用“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”升級(jí)句④She_told_me_how_to_take_a_taxi_and_how_to_ask_for_ways.(3)用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句⑤I_really_appreciated_her_help_and_realized_it's_of_great_help_to_learn_English_well,_which_can_help_us_municate_with_foreigners_and_exchange_ideas.3．銜接成語(yǔ)篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：luckily,besides)IhadanunforgettableexperiencethelasttimeIwenttoAmerica.OwingtomypoorEnglish,Ihaddifficultyintakingataxi.Luckily,awarm-heartedwomangavemealift.Besides,shetoldmehowtotakeataxiandhowtoaskforways.Ireallyappreciatedherhelpandrealizedit'sofgreathelptolearnEnglishwell,whichcanhelpusmunicatewithforeignersandexchangeideas.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長(zhǎng)難句[本單元突破點(diǎn)——bedoingsth.when...,when作并列連詞]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長(zhǎng)難句IwasenjoyingmydessertandtalkingtomyAmericanfriendJaniceatthetablewhenInoticedpeoplestaringatus.這是一個(gè)并列句，IwasenjoyingmydessertandtalkingtomyAmericanfriendJaniceatthetable是第一個(gè)分句，Inoticedpeoplestaringatus是第二個(gè)分句。我正開(kāi)車(chē)去倫敦，這時(shí)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走錯(cuò)路了。真題長(zhǎng)難句IwasdrivingdowntoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.(2017·天津高考)這是一個(gè)并列句IwasdrivingdowntoLondon是第一個(gè)分句，IsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad是第二個(gè)分句?！拔幕绊憽笔恰拔幕L(fēng)俗”下的子話(huà)題。文化潛移默化地影響著人們的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)、認(rèn)識(shí)活動(dòng)和思維方式。文化能夠塑造人，能夠培養(yǎng)健全的人格。關(guān)于這個(gè)話(huà)題的語(yǔ)篇在高考中涉及很多，如閱讀理解、完形填空，甚至是寫(xiě)作，因此應(yīng)引起高度重視。一、話(huà)題與語(yǔ)篇[考題示例](2016·天津高考)ThejourneymydaughterCathyhashadwithherswimmingisaslongasitisbeautiful.Cathysufferedsometerrible__16__inherearlychildhood.Afteryearsofregulartreatment,she__17__becamehealthy.Twoyearsago,whileCathywaswatchingtheOlympics,adreamcameintohersweetlittlehead—tobeaswimmer.Lastsummer,shewantedto__18__ourlocalswimteam.Shepracticedhardandfinally__19__it.Theteampractice,__20__，wasaroughstart.Shecoughedandchokedandcouldhardly__21__herfirstfewweeks.Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight,Idecidedto__22__herfromitall.ButCathywokemeupearlynextmorning,wearingherswimsuit__23__togo!Itoldhersheshouldn'tswimafterawholenight'scoughing,butsherefusedto__24__andinsistedshego.Fromthatdayon,Cathykeptswimminganddidn't__25__asinglepractice.Shehada__26__intentionwithinherselftobethebestshecouldbe.Myten-year-oldwasgrowingandchangingrightbeforemyeyes,intothis__27__humanbeingwithapassionandamission.Thereweremomentsof__28__ofcourse：oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace.ItwasdifficultforCathytoacceptthatshewasn'ta__29__—ever.Butthatdidn'tstopherfromtrying.Thencamethefinalawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstillthereto__30__herfriendsandpraisetheiracplishments.Astheceremonywasnearingtheend,Isuddenlyheardtheheadcoach__31__，“ThehighesthonorgoestoCathy！”Lookingaround,hecontinued,“Cathyhasinspireduswithher__32__andenthusiasm.__33__skillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess,themostvaluableasset(財(cái)富)onecanholdistheheart.”Itwasthegreatest__34__ofmydaughter'slife.Withallshehadbeen__35__inhertenyears,thiswasthehouroftruetriumph(成功)．16．A.failure B．pressureC．loss D．illness17．A.usually B．finallyC．firstly D．frequently18．A.improve B．trainC．join D．contact19．A.increased B．foundC．created D．made20．A.however B．thereforeC．otherwise D．instead21．A.use B．surviveC．save D．waste22．A.pull B．tellC．hide D．fire23．A.afraid B．nervousC．ready D．free24．A.takeoff B．setoffC．giveup D．showup25．A.attend B．missC．ban D．start26．A.rich B．weakC．firm D．kind27．A.trusted B．determinedC．experienced D．embarrassed28．A.frustration B．delightC．excitement D．surprise29．A.beginner B．learnerC．partner D．winner30．A.cheeron B．petewithC．respondto D．runafter31．A.admitting B．explainingC．a(chǎn)nnouncing D．whispering32．A.humor B．willC．honesty D．wisdom33．A.Although B．SinceC．Once D．Because34．A.discovery B．choiceC．influence D．moment35．A.through B．underC．a(chǎn)cross D．a(chǎn)round[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文1．抓首句、明文體，確保讀文方向不跑偏由首句ThejourneymydaughterCathyhashadwithherswimmingisaslongasitisbeautiful.和Cathysuffered...,Twoyearago...可知，本文是一篇記敘文。2．抓關(guān)鍵詞(話(huà)題詞、行為動(dòng)詞)，巧串聯(lián)，理順文脈明主旨由文中的關(guān)鍵詞“suffered,swimteam,practised”等可知此文是一篇關(guān)于遭受疾病困擾的女孩堅(jiān)持練習(xí)游泳的故事。本文的行文脈絡(luò)如下：(二)這樣做題[名師解題]語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者十歲的女兒凱西在游泳訓(xùn)練的過(guò)程中所表現(xiàn)出的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志和熱情以及給他人帶來(lái)的鼓舞。16．選D聯(lián)系下文的關(guān)鍵詞“treatment”及“becamehealthy”可知，作者的女兒凱西曾得過(guò)嚴(yán)重的疾病(illness)。17．選B聯(lián)系前文的“Afteryearsofregulartreatment”及后文的“becamehealthy”可知，凱西最終(finally)得以恢復(fù)健康。18．選C聯(lián)系前文的“adreamcameintohersweetlittlehead—tobeaswimmer”可知，凱西想加入(join)我們當(dāng)?shù)氐挠斡娟?duì)。19．選D聯(lián)系前后文可知，凱西通過(guò)刻苦訓(xùn)練，最終加入了游泳隊(duì)(madeit)。makeit為固定搭配，意為“獲得成功”。20．選A由空格前的madeit及后文的aroughstart可知，雖然凱西最終加入了游泳隊(duì)，但(however)訓(xùn)練卻異常艱辛。前后文在語(yǔ)意上是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填however。21．選B由空格前的“shecoughedandchoked”可以看出，凱西一開(kāi)始進(jìn)行游泳訓(xùn)練遭遇了咳嗽、嗆水等一系列困難，前幾個(gè)星期幾乎挺不下去(hardlysurviveherfirstfewweeks)。22．選A一天晚上，作者聽(tīng)到女兒咳嗽得非常厲害，決定讓女兒完全放棄這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)(pullherfromitall)。文中的pullherfromit意為“把她從這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中拉(pull)出來(lái)”，即讓女兒放棄這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。23．選C聯(lián)系空前的“wearingherswimsuit”可知，凱西已經(jīng)為去參加游泳訓(xùn)練做好了準(zhǔn)備(ready)。24．選C聯(lián)系空前的but，refused及空格后的“insistedshego”可知，當(dāng)作者因?yàn)榕畠和砩峡人远鴦裾f(shuō)她放棄游泳的時(shí)候，女兒拒絕放棄(giveup)，選擇堅(jiān)持。25．選B聯(lián)系空前的“keptswimming”可以看出凱西刻苦訓(xùn)練的決心。再結(jié)合空后的“asinglepractice”可推知，凱西一次訓(xùn)練也沒(méi)有落下(miss)。26．選C由該段后文可以看出，凱西心中一直充滿(mǎn)堅(jiān)定的(firm)信念，即使遇到困難也不放棄，不退縮。27．選B聯(lián)系下文的“shewouldbethelastswimmer”及“Butthatdidn'tstopherfromtrying”可以看出，凱西是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定的(determined)人。28．選A聯(lián)系后文的“oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace”可知，凱西也遭遇過(guò)一些令她沮喪的時(shí)刻(momentsoffrustration)。29．選D聯(lián)系前文的“oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace”以及后文“Butthatdidn'tstopherfromtrying.”可以看出，凱西遇到很多挫折，但對(duì)于凱西來(lái)說(shuō)，她不愿意接受自己不是贏家(winner)這件事。30．選A由空格后的“praisetheiracplishments”可知，凱西參加頒獎(jiǎng)典禮是為了稱(chēng)贊朋友們所取得的成績(jī)。由“andpraise”可知，凱西為朋友們喝彩(cheeron)。31．選C聯(lián)系空后引用的話(huà)可知，總教練在宣布(announce)比賽結(jié)果。32．選B聯(lián)系倒數(shù)第三段對(duì)于意志堅(jiān)定的凱西的描述及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話(huà)中的“themostvaluableassetonecanholdistheheart”可以看出，凱西用她堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志(will)和對(duì)游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱情鼓舞著她周?chē)娜恕?3．選A“skillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess”(技能和天賦給我們帶來(lái)巨大的成功)和“themostvaluableassetonecanholdistheheart”(一個(gè)人所擁有的最有價(jià)值的財(cái)富是內(nèi)心)之間是讓步關(guān)系，所以選although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。34．選D聯(lián)系該段最后一句中的“thiswasthehouroftruetriumph”可知，這是作者女兒生命中最重要的時(shí)刻(moment)。35．選A聯(lián)系空后的“inhertenyears”可知，此處表示“在她經(jīng)歷(through)的十年人生里”。[完形填空系列技法3]利用固定搭配解題英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中的很多詞匯均以短語(yǔ)搭配的形式出現(xiàn)，完形填空中不少選項(xiàng)都涉及詞語(yǔ)搭配關(guān)系。因此，做題時(shí)，在分析語(yǔ)境、邏輯、理清空白處含義的基礎(chǔ)上，利用對(duì)詞匯前后搭配的分析可以快速、準(zhǔn)確地推斷完形填空的未知信息。常見(jiàn)的搭配形式包括動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣搭配、名詞習(xí)慣搭配、介詞習(xí)慣搭配、邏輯搭配(過(guò)渡詞、指示代詞等)、語(yǔ)義搭配(辨別同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等)、結(jié)構(gòu)搭配(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等在句中或文中和其他詞的搭配)、固定句式和習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式以及語(yǔ)境中的詞語(yǔ)辨析等。解答此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，考生需要有扎實(shí)的詞匯功底，否則就可能導(dǎo)致誤選。如：19題，前面說(shuō)她想要參加，所以這里說(shuō)她刻苦的練習(xí)，終于成功了。makeit“成功”，是固定搭配。選D。22題，我想讓女兒從游泳隊(duì)中退出，也就是不想讓她參加，pullsb.from/outofsth.“從……退出”，是詞語(yǔ)搭配。符合語(yǔ)境。選A。(三)這樣積累1．treatmentn．治療2．intentionn. 目的，意圖3．survivev. 幸存4．passionn. 熱心，熱情5．a(chǎn)cplishmentn. 成就，技能6．influencen. 影響7．a(chǎn)wardsceremony 頒獎(jiǎng)儀式8．inspiresb.withsth. 激發(fā)某人的某種情感二、話(huà)題與寫(xiě)作[考題示例](2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)假定你是李華，你校英文報(bào)“外國(guó)文化”欄目擬刊登介紹美國(guó)節(jié)日風(fēng)俗和中學(xué)生生活的短文。請(qǐng)給美國(guó)朋友彼得寫(xiě)信約稿，要點(diǎn)如下：1．欄目介紹；2．稿件內(nèi)容；3．稿件長(zhǎng)度：約400詞；4．交稿日期：6月28日前。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好。DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.[寫(xiě)作規(guī)范]第一步：寫(xiě)對(duì)詞匯不丟冤枉分1．欄目 column2．旨在；瞄準(zhǔn) aim3．機(jī)會(huì) opportunity4．涉及 involve5．呈交 submit6．與……共享 share_..._with_...7．大約；上下 or_so8．向……投稿 contribute_to_...第二步：列全要點(diǎn)，寫(xiě)對(duì)句子?；痉?．在我們學(xué)校的報(bào)紙上有一個(gè)叫“外國(guó)文化”的欄目。In_the_newspaper_of_our_school_there_is_a_column_called_“Foreign_Cultures”．2．它旨在介紹美國(guó)的風(fēng)俗和高中生的生活。It_aims_to_introduce_American_customs_and_the_life_of_high_school_students.3．我認(rèn)為對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)這是一次與我們一起分享你的經(jīng)歷的好機(jī)會(huì)。I_believe_this_is_a_wonderful_opportunity_for_you_to_share_your_own_experience_with_us.4．你在六月二十八日前交上你的文章是很重要的。(用主語(yǔ)從句)That_you_should_submit_your_article_before_28th,_June_is_important.5．如果你想向我們的報(bào)紙投稿，請(qǐng)?jiān)诮刂谷掌谥鞍l(fā)給我你的文章。If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please_send_me_your_article_before_the_deadline.第三步：句式升級(jí)，打造亮點(diǎn)得高分1．用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)連接練習(xí)1、2In_the_newspaper_of_our_school_there_is_a_column_called_“Foreign_Cultures”，_aiming_to_introduce_American_customs_and_the_life_of_high_school_students.2．用it作形式主語(yǔ)提升練習(xí)4It_is_important_that_you_should_submit_your_article_before_28th,_June.第四步：過(guò)渡銜接，潤(rùn)色成文創(chuàng)滿(mǎn)分DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.Inthenewspaperofourschoolthereisacolumncalled“ForeignCultures”，aimingtointroduceAmericancustomsandthelifeofhighschoolstudents.Ibelievethisisawonderfulopportunityforyoutoshareyourownexperiencewithus.Thearticlecaninvolvewesternfestivalsandcustoms,suchasIndependenceDay,ThanksgivingDayandChristmas.Youcanalsowriteaboutstudents'dailylife.Thelengthofthearticleshouldbelimitedto400wordsorso.Itisimportantthatyoushouldsubmityourarticlebefore28th,June.Ifyouwanttocontributetoournewspaper,pleasesendmeyourarticlebeforethedeadline.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHua[單元檢測(cè)·高考提能]單元檢測(cè)A——語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)扎根練＋閱讀理解提速練[語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)扎根練]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Theblackfurnishingsprovideaninterestingcontrast(對(duì)比)tothewhitewalls.2．Hethoughthismarketingplanwasperfect,butonthecontrary(相反),itwasnotanditfailed.3．Theyreceivedhundredsofrequests(請(qǐng)求)formoreinformation.4．Clientofferstoexchange(交換)hisgoldringforaleatherbag.5．Iamgoingtotaketheparcel(包裹)tothepostofficethisafternoon.6．Maryisattached(依戀)tohermother,soifshegoesabroad,shemayfeelhomesick.7．Weshouldliketoofferourapologies(道歉)forthedelaytoyourflighttoday.8．Wehadaninformal(非正式的)partyatahotel,andpeoplejustfloodedin.9．Therearemorethan42countrieswherethemajority(大多數(shù))ofthepeoplespeakEnglish.10．Manypeoplearenotfamiliar(熟悉)withthetaxationlaws.11．Parentsowetheirchildrenprivacyandrespectfortheirpersonalbelongings(belong)．12．Thehotelheremendedfellfarshortofourexpectations(expect)．13．Wewenttotherestauranttotaste(tasty)theChinesetraditionalfood.14．Yougetaninterestingmealforareasonable(reason)price.15．Inhighschool,Ibecamecurious(curiously)abouttheputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Wemustseetothatallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.to后加it2．AbsorbinginwatchingTV,hedidnotnoticemeeintotheroom.Absorbing→Absorbed3．Hesoongotusedtoliveinadormitor