大學英語詞匯充電

1activityn.①theconditionofbeingactiveorlively活躍、活動：Thehousehasbeenfullofactivityallday.房子里整天都很熱鬧。②specificthingorthingsdone,action,occupation所做的事、活動、工作、消遣：SailingisanactivityImuchenjoy.帆船運動是我非常喜歡的活動?！韭?lián)想】同根詞activeadj.活躍的，積極的，主動的/activelyadv.活躍的，積極的/actv.&n.行動，表演/activate刺激，使活動/activistn.激進分子/actionn.行動，舉動【短語】resumeone’sactivities繼續(xù)某人的活動/takepartinactivities參加活動/beinactivity在活動中/withactivity精力充沛地【考題】Theclassroomwasfullof______;everychildwasbusy.A.movementB.actionC.workD.activity【詳解】答案為D。題意：教室里一片活躍。每個學生都忙個不停。movement運動；action行動(與語言相對應)；work工作?！颈娈悺縜ct,action,activity1)act表示具體的、簡易的和短時的行動和動作。通常為一次的行為。eg:Itisanactofkindnesstohelpablindmanacrossthestreet.幫助盲人穿過馬路是一件善事。2)action雖與act同義，但表示抽象的、持續(xù)的和復雜的行動和動作。多半指某一期間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)數(shù)次的行動。Eg:Actionsaremoreimportantthanwords.行動要比言論更重要。｜用于某些固定的搭配中，兩者不能對換。如：Thethiefwascaughtintheactofstealing.這個小偷是在作案時被捉到的。(不說……intheactionofstealing)｜Wemusttakeactionbeforeitistoolate.我們必須采取行動，否則悔之晚矣。(不說Wemusttakeact...)3)activity→active+-ity，指使人active的活動。2agonyn.extremementalorphysicalsuffering(精神或肉體的)極大痛苦：Hesufferedagoniesofremorse.他飽受悔恨的煎熬。Thewoundedmanwasinagony.那受傷的人痛苦已極。distress,miseryrelief,comfort【短語】beinagony痛苦不安/inagonyof處于極端……狀態(tài)之中如：Shewasinanagonyofindecision.她陷于猶豫不決的痛苦之中。3blissn.perfecthappiness,greatjoy洪福，極樂｜Eg:Theylivedinmarried/weddedbliss.他們過著十分美滿的婚姻生活。｜Whatbliss!Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.太高興了!我今天不用去上班?！韭?lián)想】bliss為bless(賜福，保佑)的名詞形式。blessingn.幸事，喜事｜blissful極幸福的，極快樂的：blissfulignorance幸而不知道【考題】He’sin____thathe’swontheNobelPrize.A.ecstasyB.blissC.raptureD.transport【詳解】答案為B。題意：他非常高興，因為獲得了諾貝爾獎金。ecstasy“非常高興，得意，以致心迷神醉”，正式用語；bliss“巨大的幸?！?，“狂喜”，多用與文學和比喻中；rapture“由于注意力完全被吸引，表現(xiàn)出非常喜悅和興奮”；transport常用復數(shù)，“被強烈感情所激動而高興”。4cocainen.可卡因【聯(lián)想】caffeine咖啡因；cocainismn.可卡因癖，可卡因中毒；cocainizevt.用可卡因麻醉5confusionv.①disorder混亂，絮亂：Herunexpectedarrivalthrewusintototalconfusion.他來得很突然，使我們完全不知所措。②mistakingofapersonorthingforanother混淆，混同：Therehasbeensomeconfusionofnames.有些名字弄混了。③bewildermentorembarrassment迷亂，惶惑：gazinginconfusionatthestrangesight惶惑地凝視著這種奇怪的景象【聯(lián)想】同根詞confusedadj.困惑的，煩惱的/confusingadj.莫名其妙的，難以理解的/confusev.使糊涂，搞亂【短語】inconfusion亂七八糟，處于混亂狀態(tài)/beaconfusionof...是一片混亂的……【考題】However,attimesthisbalanceinnatureis_____,relatinginanumberofpossiblyunforeseeneffects.A.troubledB.confusedC.disturbedD.puzzled【詳解】答案為C。題意：然而有時自然界的這種平衡會被打亂，并由此帶來一系列的不可預知的影響。trouble意為“打擾”；confuse意為“迷惑，混亂”；disturb意為“擾亂，使……失去平衡”；puzzle意為“疑惑不解”。6couchn.長沙發(fā)，長椅，睡椅：He’sonthepsychiatrist’scouch.他在精神病醫(yī)生的診臺上。v.tobeexpressedinaparticularway表達，措辭：Theofferwascouchedinlegaljargon.該提議是用法律術語寫的。7creepv.①tomoveoradvanceslowly,andquietly慢慢地無聲地移動或前進：Thecatcreptsilentlytowardsthebird.那只貓一聲不響地接近那只鳥。②tomoveorgrowalongtheground,upwalls爬行，匍匐，攀附：Acaterpillariscreepingdownmyarm.一條毛蟲在我胳膊上爬。【聯(lián)想】creepingn.爬行/creepern.爬行者/creepingadj.爬行的，逐漸發(fā)展的/creepyadj.令人毛骨悚然的【短語】givesbthecreeps(口)使人毛骨悚然/learntocreepbeforeyouleap按部就班，循序漸進/creepinto溜進/creepaway悄悄離開/creepon(時間)悄悄離去/creepover(蔓等)爬上，偷偷逼近(進行襲擊)【考題】Learnto_____beforeyouleap.A.creepB.climbC.mountD.rise【詳解】答案為A。題意：先學爬后學走；循序漸進。climb意為“爬，攀登”；mount意為“騎，登上”；rise意為“上升”。【辨異】crawl-強調(diào)“慢”“爬”｜creep-強調(diào)“靜”｜climb-強調(diào)“上”8curlv.①toformacurledorroundshape彎曲，蜷曲：Thefrostmadetheleavescurlup.葉子受霜凍而卷了起來。②tomoveinaspiral,coil旋繞，盤繞：Thesmokecurledupwards.煙氣裊裊上升。n.(ofhair)totwistintoorformacurlorcurls(頭發(fā))卷曲：Isawalittleboywithbeautifulblondecurls.我看見一個金發(fā)卷曲的漂亮男孩?！韭?lián)想】curledadj.卷曲的/curlern.卷曲者【短語】curlup使蜷曲，卷起，撅起(嘴唇等)/curldown把身子蜷作一團躺著/outofcurl不卷曲9deepenv.(causesthto)becomedeepordeeper.變深，加深，使更深：Thewaterdeepenedafterthedamwasbuilt.堤壩建成后水已加深?！韭?lián)想】構詞：-en=make,en作詞綴時，相應地加在形容詞的前后，構成動詞｜rich→enrich,large→enlarge｜sharp→sharpen,wide→widen｜flat→flatten,fast→fasten10deviln.①themostpowerfulevilspirit;Satan魔鬼，撒旦②wickedormischievousperson惡人，壞蛋，淘氣鬼:He’sadevilwiththeladies.他是個玩弄女性的家伙。③(usedasanintensive)person(用來加強語氣)家伙:Hefailedtheexam,thepoordevil.他這可憐的家伙考試沒及格。Talkofthedevil/Speakofthedevil(andhewillappear).說曹操，曹操就到?！径陶Z】gotothedevil①完蛋，毀滅②滾開，見鬼去/as/likethedevil(口語)極度地，猛然地，拼命地/beadeviltoeat很能吃/beinadevilofahole(俚)處境非常尷尬/beatthedeviloutofsb(口)痛毆某人，把某人打得半死/betweenthedevilandthedeep/bluesea進退維谷/pulldevil(助威用語)加油11ecstasyn.①astateofverystrongfeeling,esp.ofjoyandhappiness狂喜：Shewasinanecstasyoflove.她沉浸在愛的狂喜中。He’sinecstasyofdelight.他欣喜若狂。②(Ecstasy)alsocalledMDMA,anillegaldrugusedbyyoungpeopleindancepartiestomakethemfeelveryactive搖頭丸【短語】go/getintoecstasies狂喜，極度興奮/beinecstasiesover對……心醉神迷/intoanecstasyofdelight欣喜若狂【助記】(根)stat(站立不動→靜止)→(生)stationarya.靜止的；statica.靜態(tài)的→ecstatic(原義)notcalm→狂喜的→(名)ecstasy狂喜12exposev.①tomakeknown(sthsecret),reveal暴露，顯露：Thatunfortunateremarkexposedhisignoranceofthesubject.他說了那句不妥的話，暴露了自己對此事的無知。exposeaplot,project,plan,etc揭露陰謀、方案、計劃等②toshowthetruthaboutsborsth.especiallywhenitisbad揭露、揭發(fā)、揭穿：exposecrime,scandal,injustice,fraud,etc揭露罪行、丑聞、冤假錯案、騙局等exposeacriminal,animpostor,aculprit,etc揭露罪犯、冒名頂替者、犯錯誤的人等③uncoverormake(sth)visible;display顯露，顯示：Whenhesmiledheexposedasetofperfectwhiteteeth.他笑時露出了一口漂亮的白牙?！居洃洝縠x-(在外)+pose(放)→expose(放在外邊)暴露【聯(lián)想】同根詞exposuren.暴露、揭露、曝光/exposedadj.(指地方)無遮蔽的，不擋風雨的/expositionn.解釋、說明，講解，闡釋【考題】Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbe_____withoutanyreserve.A.revealedB.displayedC.exposedD.opened【詳解】答案為C。題意：對貪官污吏的罪行一定要毫不保留地予以揭發(fā)。reveal顯示；display陳列，展覽；open公開，開放?！径陶Z】expose...to：tocause,tobeunprotectedfrom使……受到，使……接觸｜eg:：exposechildrentobooks/exposepeopletonewideas/beexposedtolightening使接觸孩子接觸到書/使人們接觸新思想/易遭到閃電襲擊｜Peoplelivingnearthenuclearpowerstationmayhavebeenexposedtoradiation.住在核電站附近的人們都會受到輻射。｜Hisviewpointsexposehimtocriticism,buthewon’tgivethemup.他的觀點使他受到批評，但他不會放棄。13extremeadj.①(at)thefurthestpoint;最遠的，最外邊的②(to)thegreatestdegree極度的，極端的Examples·Janefellintoextremepainafterhersondiedinanaccident.簡在她兒子死于事故后陷入了極度的悲痛之中?！heextremepenaltyofthelawisthedeathpenalty.法律中最嚴重的刑罰是死刑。n.eitherendofanything;highestdegree;qualitiesaswidelydifferentaspossible過份，極端Example·Hismoodsgofromoneextremetotheother.他的情緒從一個極端到了另一個極端?！究碱}】Thegeneralaskedthesoldierto_____(在緊急狀態(tài)下訴諸非常手段).Key：resorttoextremesintheemergency【短語】gototheextremes走極端/intheextreme極其，非常【用法】注意下列用法中extreme的不同意思：｜anextremecase極端的事例｜goonanextremediet過分限制飲食｜theextremeendoftheroad大路的盡頭｜thecountry’sextremenorth國家的極北端｜extremeaccuracy極大的精確性｜extremepoverty赤貧【考題】Wewelcomerain,buta(an)_____largeamountofrainfallwillcausefloods.A.extensivelyB.extremelyC.speciallyD.constantly【詳解】答案為B。題意：我們希望下雨，但暴雨會導致洪水。extensively意為“廣闊地，范圍廣地，詳盡地”；extremely意為“極端地，非常的”；specially意為“特別地，尤其地”；constantly意為“不斷地”。14horribleadj.①causinghorror可怕的，令人恐懼的：ahorriblecrime,nightmare,death駭人聽聞的罪行、叫人心驚膽戰(zhàn)的噩夢、令人恐懼的死亡②veryunpleasant極討厭的、糟糕的、令人不悅的：horribleweather,food,people糟糕的天氣、難吃的食物、極不友好的人【聯(lián)想】horrible｜horror強調(diào)“dislike,hate”的感覺，(毛骨悚然)｜horrify｜terrible｜terror指“extremefear”的意思，(感到危險)｜terrify15illusionn.afalseidea,belieforimpressionofrealityorfantasy錯誤觀念、幻覺、錯覺：Ihavenoillusionsaboutmyability.我對自己的能力如何頗有自知之明。Heisundertheillusionthatheisalwaysright.他有一種錯覺，以為他總是對的。【短語】beunderanillusion在幻覺下，搞錯/cherishanillusion誤以為/havenoillusionabout對……不抱幻想【辨異】illusion,delusion(1)Anillusionisusuallysomethingthatseemstruetothesenses,butisknowntobefalse.Illusion通常指感覺為真，但實際為假的事物。如：theillusionthatthesungoesaroundtheearth對太陽繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)的錯覺；(2)Adelusionissomethingreallybelievedbyapersonwhosemindorjudgmentismisledorwhoismad.Delusion指迷惑的人或精神錯亂的人以為某事物真的會發(fā)生的那種妄想。如：hisdelusionthatheisNapoleonthefirst他妄想自己是拿破侖一世【考題】Wemustlookbeyond______andassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.A.justificationsB.illusionsC.manifestationsD.specifications【詳解】答案為B。題意：我們必須超越幻想和假設來看問題，設法搞清有什么遺漏。justification理由，辯護；manifestation展示，證明；specification說明，規(guī)范。16motivationn.a(verystrong)reasonorcausefordoingsth.,takingsomeaction,etc.動機：Thestrongerthemotivationis,themorequicklyapersonwilllearnaforeignlanguage.一個人學外語的動機越強，學得就越快?！韭?lián)想】motivatev.激發(fā)，激勵/motiven.動機，目的/motivationaladj.動機的17movien.①(美)電影，影片②(thepl.)電影院，電影業(yè)【助記】movie源于movingpicture(活動的圖畫)→(美)電影｜類似:smog(煙霧)源于smoke(煙)+fog(霧)｜motel(汽車旅館)源于motorists(摩托車手)+hotel(旅館)18paranoian.mentalillnessinwhichapersonisobsessedbymistakenbeliefs,esp.thatheisbeingbadlytreatedbyothersorthatheissomebodyveryimportant偏執(zhí)狂,妄想狂【助記】para-(表示“錯亂、異常”)+noia(=mind)：Theybelievedthatthepatient’schildhoodtraumahadbeenthedirectcausetohisparanoia.他們認為該患者童年所受的創(chuàng)傷是其妄想癥的直接原因。19pastyadj.①oforlikepaste糨糊的，糊狀的：apastysubstance糊狀物質(zhì)/mixtoapastyconsistency混合至糊狀的濃度②paleandunhealthy-looking蒼白的，不健康的：apastyface,complexion蒼白的面孔、臉色n.pieceofpastyfoldedroundafillingofmeat,fruit,jam,etc.(肉、水果、果醬等的)餡餅20pulsen.①regularbeatingofarteries脈搏：Hispulseracedashefacedthearmedintruder.他面對攜帶武器的闖入者，頓時脈搏加快。②singlevibrationofsound,light,electriccurrent,etc.(聲波、光波、電流等的)一次脈動：Themachineemitssoundpulses.這臺機器可以發(fā)出聲脈沖信號。③regularbeatinmusic節(jié)拍，節(jié)奏：thethrobbingpulseofthedrums鼓的打擊節(jié)拍v.movewithstrongregularmovements,beatorthrob強烈而有規(guī)律的跳動，搏動，震動：Thenewssentthebloodpulsingthroughhisveins.消息使得他血液都沸騰起來了?！径陶Z】feel/takesb’spulse診脈，把脈(喻)試探某人意圖/stirsb’spulse挑動某人欲望，激起某人情緒21repeatedlyadv.重復地，再三地(同)againandagain,frequently,overandover【助記】repeatedadj.反復的,再三的｜repeatingadj.(槍)可連發(fā)的,循環(huán)的｜repetitionn.重復,反復22responsibleadj.①legallyormorallyobliged需負責任，承擔責任：Iamwholly/partlyresponsiblefortheconfusion.我對此混亂情況負有全部/部分責任。②havingtoaccountforone’sactionstoanauthorityorasuperior對自己的行動向主管者或上級承擔責任：bedirectly/indirectlyresponsibletothePresident.直接/間接向總統(tǒng)負責③a.(ofpeople)capableofbeingreliedon,trustworthy(指人)可靠的，可信賴的：behavelikeresponsiblecitizens,adults,committeemembers做有責任心的公民、成年人、委員b.involvingimportantduties責任重大的：ahighlyresponsibleposition,appointment,role極其重要的職位、職務、職責④beingthecause(ofsth)作為……的原因，應歸功或歸咎于……：Who’sresponsibleforthismess?是誰弄得這么亂?【聯(lián)想】同根詞responsen.回答，反應/responsibilityn.責任、職責/responsiveadj.作出響應的/responsiblyadv.可靠地，可信賴地【搭配】beresponsibletosb/sthorforsb/(doing)sth.對……負責△如果主語是人，表示“應負責的，有責任的”；如果主語不是人，則表示造成事實的“原因”，如：Smokingisresponsibleformanycasesoflungcancer.吸煙是許多人患肺癌的致病因素?！居梅ā縭esponsible做前置定語跟作后置定語的意義不同：aresponsibleperson可靠的人，可信賴的人｜apersonresponsible負責人，主管人23ruraladj.in,oforlikethecountryside鄉(xiāng)村的，田園的·Rurallifeisusuallymorepeacefulthanurbanlife.鄉(xiāng)村生活通常比都市生活更安靜?！epaintspicturesofruralscenes.他畫了幾幅鄉(xiāng)間景色的畫。TranslateannualincomeoftheurbanandruralhouseholdinChinaKey：中國城鄉(xiāng)居民家庭年收入【聯(lián)想】同義詞bucolic,countrified,provincial,rustic反義詞urban通常包括：city城市,suburbs市郊，outskirts郊外｜rural指countryside鄉(xiāng)村24sanityn.thequalityofbeinghealthyinmind心智健全，神志清醒·He’dbeenbehavingsostrangelythattheybegantodoubthissanity.他的表現(xiàn)如此奇怪以至于他們開始懷疑他的神志是否清醒。It’shardtokeepyoursanityinsuchacrazysituation.在這樣一個瘋狂的狀況下你很難保持神志清醒。【聯(lián)想】saneadj.—healthyinmind神志清醒的，明智的：Inthedoctor’sopinionhewassaneatthetimeofthemurder.以醫(yī)生的觀點來看，在行兇時他的神志是清醒的。/(反)insaneadj.瘋狂的，精神病的：Hemustbeinsanetodrivehiscarsofast.他車開得這么快一定是瘋了。/sanityn.精神健全/sanitaryadj.衛(wèi)生的：asanitaryinspector衛(wèi)生檢查員sanitaryware衛(wèi)生潔具25scanv.①tolookatcarefullyorexaminewithgreatattention仔細檢查，審視：Hescannedthehorizon,lookingforland.他細看水天相連的地方，尋找陸地。②glanceatquickly,butnotthoroughly瀏覽，匆匆翻閱：Shescannedthenewspaperoverbreakfast.她吃著早飯把報紙大略看了一遍。③passanelectronicbeamover掃描n.actofscanning掃描：Thescanshowedthebabywasinthenormalposition.掃描結果顯示胎位正常?！居梅ā孔⒁庀铝杏梅ㄖ衧can的不同意思。如：scanthedoctor’sfaceforasignofhope(細察醫(yī)生的神色看是否還有希望)｜scantheheadlinesoftoday’snewspaper(瀏覽今天報紙的大標題)｜scantheareaforsignsofenemyaircraft(用雷達掃描該空域以便發(fā)現(xiàn)敵機蹤跡)【辨異】scan,skim｜Skimmingandscanningaretwobasicmethodsusedinfastreading.｜Scanningmeanslookingoverapassageveryquicklytofindspecificinformationsuchasadata,aname,oraparticularword.｜Skimmingmeansgettingaquick,generalviewofthepassage.Wescantolocateparticularinformationandweskimtogainageneralimpression.｜Scan為“掃描”以得出總體印象；skim原義“撇(去)”，引申為“略讀”以找出所需的信息點。26somewhatadv.tosomedegree;alittle;rather有點，粗略，在某種程度上，頗為：Weweresomewhattiredafterourlongwalk.走了這么長時間我們有點累。Thecampushaschangedsomewhatoverthelastfewmonths.校園與前幾個月相比有了一些變化?！究碱}】Translate：我喜歡這裙子的款式，可它有點貴。Key：Ilikethedesignofthedress,butit’ssomewhatexpensive.【短語】somewhatof頗為，稍稍，有一點：Ifounditsomewhatofadifficulty.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這事有點難。27throbv.①theheart,pulsebeat心跳，悸動：Herheartwasthrobbingwithexcitement.她興奮得心直跳。②vibrateorsoundwithapersistentrhythm(有規(guī)律的)跳動、振動、發(fā)出聲響：Thatship’senginesthrobbedquietly.船上的發(fā)動機發(fā)出輕微的震動?！究碱}】Mypulsewas_____withexcitement.A.throbbingB.poundingC.strikingD.knocking【詳解】答案為A。題意：由于激動我的脈搏劇烈跳動。pound連續(xù)地猛撞猛擊；strike敲(鐘)，(報時)；knock敲擊，敲打。28utteradj.completeorextreme,total十足的，完全的：Thediscussionwasanutterwasteoftime.這種討論純屬浪費時間。Ahotbathaftersuchalongdayofhardworkwasutterbliss.工作了一整天沖個熱水澡是多么幸福的一件事呀?！究碱}】Translate：Iwasatanutterlosswhattodo.Key：我完全不知道該怎樣做才好?！韭?lián)想】同根詞utterlyad.completely完全地，徹底地：Areyouutterlyconvincedthatheisguilty?你完全相信他有罪嗎?/utterancen.話語，用語言表達反義詞absolute,complete,entire,downright【助記】utter→原為out的比較級｜utmost→原為out的最高級【辨異】entire(ly),utter(ly)(完全，徹底)(1)entire(ly)用于說話人持肯定態(tài)度的場合：Weshouldworkentirelyintheinterestsofthepeople.我們應該徹底地為人民的利益而工作。(2)utter(ly)用于說話人持否定態(tài)度的場合：Iamutterlydissatisfied.我一點兒都不滿意。29carryoutv.toperformorcomplete,toconduct進行，執(zhí)行，實施：Extensivetestshavebeencarriedoutonthepatient.對患者進行了多次試驗?！究碱}】They_____inspiteoftheextremelydifficultconditions.A.carriedoutB.carriedoffC.carriedonD.carriedforward【詳解】答案為C。題意：盡管面臨非常艱難的形勢，他們沒有停止。carryout實施，進行，其后要接賓語；carryoff帶走；carryon繼續(xù)；carryforward發(fā)揚，推進?！韭?lián)想】相關短語carryaway使人失去自制力或非常興奮/carrysbback(tosth.)使人回憶起/carryon繼續(xù)，參加，保持關系/carrythrough渡過(難關)【辨異】carryout和carrythrough非常接近，但側重點不同。Carryout側重于結果，而carrythrough側重于過程，意為“進行到底”。如：Iexpecthertocarryoutheobligations.我期望她能履行義務。Theseaimswillbecarriedthroughtotheend.這些目標將貫徹到底。30chipawayatcontinuouslybreakoffsmallpiecesfromsth.從某物上不斷除去小塊；(喻)一點一點地解決：chippingawayatablockofmarblewithachisel用鑿子在大理石上不斷的鑿；Hekeptchippingawayattheproblemuntilhehadsolvedit.他一直在琢磨這個問題，直到把它解決為止。31cometruetohappenjustaswished,expectedordreamt實現(xiàn)，如愿以償：Hehasalwaysdreamtofowninghisowncompany,butIdoubtitwillcometrue.他總是夢想擁有自己的公司，但是我懷疑它是否能實現(xiàn)。WhenIfinishedmyfirstnovel,itwasadreammadetocometrue.我如愿以償，完成了我的第一部小說。32focusontodirect(one’sattention)toso