山東大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院241英語（外）歷年考研真題詳解合集

目錄2015年山東大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院241英語（外）考研真題及詳解2016年山東大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院241英語（外）考研真題及詳解2017年山東大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院241英語（外）考研真題及詳解2018年山東大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院241英語（外）考研真題及詳解2019年山東大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院241英語（外）考研真題及詳解

2015年山東大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院241英語（外）考研真題及詳解SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDonANSWERSHEET1.(20points)Thename“UnitedNations”wasprobablydevisedbyU.S.PresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,andthefirstgroupofrepresentativesofthememberstatesmetandsignedadeclarationof(1)_____purposeonNewYear’sDayin1942.Representativesoffive(2)_____workedtogethertodraw(3)_____proposals,completedatDumbartonOaksin1944.Theseproposals,modifiedafter(4)_____attheconferenceonInternationalOrganizationinSanFranciscowhichbeganinApril1945,werefinally(5)_____andsignedastheU.N.Charterby50countrieson26June,1945.Poland,not(6)_____attheconference,signedtheCharterlaterandwasaddedtothelistof(7)_____members.Itwasnotuntilthatautumn,(8)_____,aftertheCharterhadbeen(9)_____approvedandsignedbyChina,France,theU.S.S.R,theU.K.andtheU.S.andbyamajorityoftheotherparticipantsthattheU.N.came(10)_____existence.Thedatewas24October,now(11)_____celebratedasUnitedNationsDay.Theessential(12)_____oftheU.N.aretomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,todevelopfriendlyrelationsamongnations,tocooperate

internationallyinsolvinginternational(13)_____,social,culturalandhumanproblems,(14)_____respectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedoms,andtobeacentreforcoordinatingtheactionsofnationsinattainingthesecommon(15)_____.NocountrytakesprecedenceoveranotherintheU.N.Eachmember’srightsandobligationsarethesame.Allmustcontributetothe(16)_____settlementofinternationaldisputes,andmembershavepledgedtorefrain(17)_____thethreatoruseofforceagainstotherstates.ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate’sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethatnon-memberstatesact(18)_____itsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.U.N.membersmustoffereveryassistance(19)_____anapprovedU.N.actionand(20)_____assiststatesagainstwhichtheU.N.istakingpreventiveorenforcementaction.1.A.ordinaryB.usualC.commonD.average2.A.landsB.powersC.armiesD.delegates3.A.upB.outC.downD.on4.A.debateB.quarrelC.disputeD.talk5.A.admittedtoB.decidedonC.permittedofD.agreedon6.A.representingB.representedC.representD.torepresent7.A.former

B.originalC.initialD.formal8.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.howeverD.nevertheless9.A.reallyB.publiclyC.officiallyD.actually10.A.toB.aboutC.outD.into11.A.universallyB.totally

C.whollyD.worldly12.A.dutiesB.concernsC.affectsD.functions13.A.economicalB.economicC.economyD.economics14.A.creatingB.developingC.promotingD.making15.A.endsB.means

C.targetsD.conclusions16.A.peacefullyB.peaceableC.peaceD.peaceful17.A.fromB.overC.againstD.outof18.A.inresponsetoB.inconnectionwithC.inreferencetoD.inaccordancewith19.A.forB.inC.with

D.to20.A.innowayB.ineverywayC.insomewayD.inaway【答案與解析】1.C句意：1942年新年，首批成員國代表聚會并簽署一項聯(lián)合宣言。common表示“共同的”，在這里指共同的目標，符合題意，故C項正確。ordinary普通的，平凡的。usual通常的，慣例的。average平均的；普通的。2.B句意：1944年五大強國的代表一起草擬提案。在這里power指“大國，強國；政權(quán)”，符合題意，故B項正確。land國土。army軍隊。delegate代表。3.A此處考查固定搭配。drawup表示“草擬，起草”，后可接proposal（提案，提議），符合題意，故A項正確。drawout畫出。drawdown拉下（窗簾等）。drawon使用；招致；臨近。4.A句意：1945年4月開始的舊金山國際會議討論了提案后，對其進行了修訂。debate討論，辯論。符合句意，因此A項正確。quarrel爭吵。dispute爭論。talk談話。5.D句意：他們……在提案上最終達成一致，并簽訂為聯(lián)合國憲章。agreeon“達成一致”，符合題意，故D項正確。beadmittedto被許可進

入。decideon決定，選定。bepermittedof被允許。6.B句意：波蘭雖當時沒有派代表出席會議但在之后也簽署了聯(lián)合國憲章。represented表示“出席，參加”，含被動意義，符合句意，故B項正確。此處為過去分詞做后置定語。7.B句意：波蘭也成為了聯(lián)合國創(chuàng)始成員國之一。original有“最早的，原始的；原版的”之意，強調(diào)從最初就一直存在，符合題意，故B項正確。former前任的。initial也表示“開始的，最初的”，強調(diào)處于事物的起始階段。formal正式的。8.C句意：但直到1945年的秋天，在中國、法國、蘇聯(lián)、英國和美國五大國以及其他眾多成員國，正式批準和簽署聯(lián)合國憲章之后，聯(lián)合國才真正成立。由句意可知，本句與前文意思構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，強調(diào)聯(lián)合國成立的艱難，however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語境，故C項正確。9.Cofficially“正式地；官方地”，符合題意，故C項正確。really真正地。publicly公開地，公然地。actually實際上，事實上。10.D句意：此處為固定搭配。comeintoexistence誕生，成立。因此D項正確。11.A句意：那天是10月24日，現(xiàn)在全世界將其當作聯(lián)合國日慶祝。universally普遍地；全世界地。符合句意，故A項正確。totally完全地，全部地。wholly整體地。worldly世上的，世俗的。12.A句意：聯(lián)合國的主要職責(zé)是維持國際和平與安全，發(fā)展國家間友好關(guān)系，在解決國際經(jīng)濟、社會、文化問題和促進尊重人權(quán)及基本自由的人類問題方面進行國際性合作，并且為達到這些共同目標而成為協(xié)調(diào)各國行動的中心。duty表示“職責(zé)；義務(wù)”，指“按道德、法律、社會習(xí)慣

或良心應(yīng)盡的本分、義務(wù)和責(zé)任”，著重“自覺”，符合句意，因此A項正確。function表示“功能，作用；職責(zé)，職業(yè)”，通常指因職務(wù)或職業(yè)關(guān)系去履行某種職責(zé)。concern關(guān)心；涉及。affect感情，情感。13.Beconomic“（有關(guān)）經(jīng)濟的，經(jīng)濟上的”后接problem，表示“經(jīng)濟問題”，符合題意，故B項正確。economical節(jié)儉的；節(jié)約的。economy經(jīng)濟；節(jié)約；理財。economics經(jīng)濟學(xué)。14.C句意：促進尊重人權(quán)及基本自由。從后面接respect（尊重）可知promoting（促進）符合題意。故C項正確。create創(chuàng)造。develop發(fā)展。make制作。15.Ctarget表示“目標，目的”，常用于正式場合，符合語境，故C項正確。end表示“目的；結(jié)尾”，常用于非正式場合。means手段；方法。conclusion結(jié)論；總結(jié)。16.D句意：所有成員國必須為國際爭端的和平解決做出貢獻。由名詞settlement可知空格處應(yīng)填形容詞，peaceful表示“和平的”，符合句意，故D項正確。peacefully和平地。peaceable溫和的，平靜的。peace和平。17.A句意：所有成員國都保證不對其他國家進行武力威脅或使用武力。restrainfrom為固定搭配，表示“抑制；制止；阻止……去……”。18.D句意：雖然聯(lián)合國無權(quán)干涉任何一個國家的內(nèi)部事務(wù)，但它卻力圖確保非成員國也要遵照其國際和平與安全原則行事。inaccordancewith表示“依照；與……一致”，符合題意，故D項正確。inresponseto響應(yīng)；回答；對……有反應(yīng)。inconnectionwith與……有關(guān)；與……相連。inreferenceto關(guān)于。19.B句意：聯(lián)合國各成員必須盡力協(xié)助聯(lián)合國批準的行動，并且決不

幫助聯(lián)合國對之采取預(yù)防性行動或強制行動的國家。本句中offerassistancein…表示在某事中提供幫助。20.A聯(lián)系語境，只有innoway（決不）符合題意。故A項正確。ineveryway以各種方式。insomeway有幾分，有點。inaway在某種意義上。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hightech”and“stateoftheart”aretwoexpressionsthatdescribeverymoderntechnology.Hightechisjustashorterwayofsayinghightechnology.Andhightechnologydescribesanyinvention,systemofdevicethatusesthenewestideasordiscoveriesofscienceandengineering.Whatishightech?Acomputerishightech.Soisacommunicationssatellite.Amodernmanufacturingsystemissurelyhightech.HightechbecameapopularexpressionintheUnitedStatesduringtheearly1980’s.Becauseofimprovementsintechnology,peoplecouldbuymanynew

kindsofproductsinAmericanstores,suchashomecomputers,microwaveovens,etc.Stateoftheart”issomethingthatisasmodernaspossible.Itisaproductthatisbasedontheverylatestmethodsandtechnology.Somethingthatis“stateoftheart”isthenewestpossibledesignorproductofabusinessorindustry.Astateofthearttelevisionset,forexample,usesthemostmodernelectronicdesignandparts.Itisthebestthatonecanbuy.Stateoftheart”isnotanewexpression.Engineershaveuseditforyearstodescribethebestandmostmodernwayofdoingsomething.MillionsofAmericansbegantousetheexpressioninthelate1970’s.Thereasonwasthecomputerrevolution.Everycomputercompanyclaimedthatitscomputerswere“stateoftheart”.Computertechnologychangedsofastthatastateoftheartcomputertodaymightbeoldtomorrow.Theexpression“stateoftheart”becameascommonandpopularascomputersthemselves.Nowallkindsofproductsaresaidtobe“stateoftheart”.21.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Totellhow“hightech”and“stateoftheart”havedeveloped.B.Togiveexamplesofhightech.C.Totellwhat“hightech”and“stateoftheart”are.D.Todescribeverymoderntechnology.

22.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Americanstorescouldprovidenewkindsofproductstothepeople.B.Hightechdescribesatechnologythatisnottraditional.C.“Stateoftheart”isnotaspopularas“hightech”.D.Awoodenploughpulledbyoxenis“stateoftheart”.23.AllthefollowingexamplesarehightechEXCEFT_____.A.amicrowaveovenB.ahomecomputerC.ahandpumpD.asatellite24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Sincethecomputerrevolution,theexpression“stateoftheart”hasbecomepopular.B.“Stateoftheart”meanssomethingthatisthebestonecanbuy.C.Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnology,astateoftheartcomputermayeasilybecomeoutofdate.D.Allkindsofproductsare“stateoftheart”nowadays.25.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.

A.ComputerTechnologyB.HighTechandStateoftheArtC.MostAdvancedTechnologyD.TwoNewExpressions【答案與解析】21.C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了“high-tech”和“stateoftheart”兩個表達的含義。故C項正確。22.B細節(jié)推理題。文章第一段第三句提到，高技術(shù)描述的是使用最新科學(xué)與工程理念或發(fā)現(xiàn)的任何發(fā)明和裝備系統(tǒng)，因此“高技術(shù)”通常描述最新技術(shù)成果，而非傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)，故B項正確。文章第三段第二句提到“Becauseofimprovementsintechnology,peoplecouldbuymanynewkindsofproductsinAmericanstores…”，因此A選項可以直接從文中找到，并不需要推斷得出。C項文中沒有提及?！皊tateoftheart”指的是最新現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，因此D項錯誤。23.C細節(jié)理解題。文章第二段提到“Acomputerishightech.Soisacommunicationssatellite.Amodernmanufacturingsystemissurelyhightech”，由此可知，C項“手壓水泵”不是高技術(shù)，故C項為正確答案。24.D細節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第二段第一、二兩句提到，由于計算機革命，數(shù)百萬美國人開始使用“stateoftheart”這一表達，故A項正確。由倒數(shù)第四段最后一句可知，B項正確。由文章最后一段可知，C項正確。文章最后一句提到，現(xiàn)在所有的產(chǎn)品據(jù)說都很“高端”，由此可知，作者并不認為現(xiàn)在所有的產(chǎn)品都很“高端”。故D項描述錯誤，因此選D。

25.B主旨大意題。聯(lián)系全文意思可知，本文主要講述“高技術(shù)”和“高端”，因此B項正確。Text2Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AprovenmethodforeffectivetextbookreadingistheSQ3RmethoddevelopedbyFrancisRobinson.Thefirststepistosurvey(theSstep)thechapterbyreadingthetitle,introduction,sectionheadings,summaryandbystudyinganygraphs,tables,illustrationsorcharts.Thepurposeofthisstepistogetanoverviewofthechaptersothatyouwillknowbeforeyoureadwhatitwillbeabout.Inthesecondstep(theQstep),foreachsectionyouaskyourselfquestionssuchas“WhatdoIalreadyknowaboutthistopic?”and“WhatdoIwanttoknow?”Inthisstepyoualsotakethesectionheadingandturnitintoaquestion.Thisstepgivesyouapurposeforreadingthesection.Thethirdstep(thefirstofthe3R’s)istoreadtofindtheanswertoyourquestions.Thenattheendofeachsection,beforegoingontothenextsection,yourecite(thesecondofthe3R’s)theanswerstothequestionsthatyouformedinthequestionstep.Whenyoureciteyoushouldsaytheinformationyouwanttolearnoutloudinyourownwords.Thefifthstepisdoneafteryouhavecompletedsteps2,3and4foreachsection.Youreview(thelastofthe3R’s)theentirechapter.Thereviewisdonemuchasthesurveywasinthefirststep.Asyoureview,holdamentalconversationwithyourselfasyourecitetheinformationyouselectedasimportanttolearn.Thementalconversationcouldtaketheformofaskingandansweringthequestionsformedfromtheheadingsorreadingthesummary,whichliststhe

mainideasinthechapter,andtryingtofillinthedetailsforeachmainidea.26.ThepassageimpliesthattheSQ3Rmethod_____.A.needstobeprovenB.leavesmuchtobedesiredC.turnsouttobepracticableD.cannotbeusedbyeveryreader27.TheSQ3Rmethodconsistsof_____steps.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.seven28.Accordingtothepassage,thefirststephelpsthereaders_____.A.readfirstseveralparagraphsB.scanthewholechapterC.studythegraphsD.getthethemeofthechapter29.Whichofthefollowingisthefourthstep?

A.Toquestionyourself.B.Toreadforinformation.C.Toutteryouranswers.D.Todrawaconclusion.30.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Inthelaststep,youshouldrememberalltheinformation.B.Whenyoufinishthelaststep,youwillgetboththemainideaandthedetails.C.Thementalconversationinvolvesansweringthequestionsaskedbytheauthor.D.Whileyouareholdingamentalconversationyouselecttheimportantinformation.【答案與解析】26.C細節(jié)推理題。從文章第一句“AprovenmethodforeffectivetextbookreadingistheSQ3RmethoddevelopedbyFrancisRobinson”中的“proven”和“effective”可知，SQ3R已被證明是一套能有效提高閱讀能力的方法，因而C正確。27.C細節(jié)理解題。文章后半部分提到“Thefifthstepisdoneafteryouhavecompletedsteps2,3and4foreachsection”，由此可知，SQ3R共包含五步。故C項正確。

28.D細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第三句“Thepurposeofthisstepistogetanoverviewofthechaptersothatyouwillknowbeforeyoureadwhatitwillbeabout”可知，第一步的目標是概覽全篇，以便在實際閱讀前對即將閱讀的內(nèi)容有大致了解，故D正確。29.C細節(jié)推斷題。首先判斷第四步是“recite（背誦）”，再通過“Whenyoureciteyoushouldsaytheinformationyouwanttolearnoutloudinyourownwords”可知，背誦就是用自己的話語將想要學(xué)的內(nèi)容大聲說出來，故C項正確。30.D細節(jié)理解題。文章倒數(shù)第二句提到“Asyoureview...yourecitetheinformationyouselectedasimportanttolearn”，由此可知，在進行最后一步時，并不需要記住所有內(nèi)容，故A項錯誤，D項與該內(nèi)容相符，正確，因此本題選D。通讀閱讀這五個步驟可知，完成第二步就可了解文章的大意和細節(jié)，故B項錯誤。由倒數(shù)第二句中的“holdamentalconversationwithyourself”可知，mentalconversation指的是讀者與自己的對話，故C項錯誤。Text3Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thoughitismere1to3percentofthepopulation,theupperclasspossessesatleast25percentofthenation’swealth.Thisclasshastwosegments:upper-upperandlower-upper.Basically,theupper-upperclassisthe“oldrich”—familiesthathavebeenwealthyforseveralgenerations—anaristocracyofbirthandwealth.TheirnamesareintheSocialRegister,alistingofacceptablemembersofhighsociety.Afewareknownacrossthenation,such

astheRockefellers,Roosevelts,andVanderbilts.Mostarenotvisibletothegeneralpublic.Theyliveingrandseclusion,drawingtheirincomefromtheinvestmentoftheirinheritedwealth.Incontrast,thelower-upperclassisthe“newrich”.Althoughtheymaybewealthierthansomeoftheoldrich,thenewrichhavehustledtomaketheirmoneylikeeverybodyelsebeneaththeirclass.Thustheirprestigeisgenerallylowerthanthatoftheoldrich,whohavenotfounditnecessarytoliftafingertomaketheirmoney,andwhotendtolookdownuponthenewrich.Howeveritswealthisacquired,theupperclassisvery,veryrich.Theyhaveenoughmoneyandleisuretimetocultivateaninterestintheartsandtocollectrarebooks,painting,andsculpture.Theygenerallyliveinexclusiveareas,belongtoexclusivesocialclubs,communicatewitheachother,andmarrytheirownkind—allofwhichkeepsthemsodistantfromthemassesthattheyhavebeencalledtheout-of-sightclass.Morethananyotherclass,theytendtobeconsciousofbeingmembersofaclass.Theyalsocommandanenormousamountofpowerandinfluencehereandabroad,astheyholdmanytopgovernmentpositions,runtheCouncilonForeignRelations,andcontrolmultinationalcorporations.Theiractionsaffectthelivesofmillions.31.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat_____.A.theupper-upperclassisofaristocraticoriginB.the“oldrich”enjoyhigherprestigethanthe“newrich”C.the“oldrich”isolatethemselvesandleadalonelylifeD.theupperclassownsatleastaquarterofthecountry’swealth

32.The“oldrich”getricher_____.A.throughtheSocialRegisterB.throughtheirreputationC.byinvestingtheirinheritedwealthD.bycollectingpaintingsandsculptures33.Thereasonwhythe“oldrich”lookdownuponthe“newrich”isthat_____.A.theformerarewealthierthanthelatterB.thelattersweatthemselvestomakemoneyC.the“newrich”havenointerestinartsD.the“oldrich”areconsciousofbeingmembersoftheupperclass34.Theupperclassisalsocalledtheout-of-sightclassbecause_____.A.theykeepawayfromthegeneralpublicB.theyspendmostoftheirtimeabroadC.theydon’tcommunicatewithanypeopleD.theymovefrequentlyfromplacetoplace35.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_____.A.theupperclassispowerfulandinfluential

B.theupperclasscollectsrarebookstomakemoneyC.theupperclassholdsalltopgovernmentpositionsD.the“oldrich”makesmuchmoremoneythanthe“newrich”【答案與解析】31.C細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二段第三句可知上層階級人士獨居一處，有專門的社交俱樂部，彼此交往，與同階層人士結(jié)婚——所有這些使他們遠離大眾，因而他們被稱為“隱士”階層。這里強調(diào)他們遠離大眾，只和同階層的人來往，并非指他們真正與世隔絕過著孤獨的日子。因而C項錯誤，故選C項。32.C細節(jié)理解題。通過第一段中“Theyliveingrandseclusion,drawingtheirincomefromtheinvestmentoftheirinheritedwealth”可知，他們是靠投資世襲財產(chǎn)，從而獲取收益。故選C項。33.B細節(jié)理解題。通過第一段最后兩句可知，由于“新富”需要自己努力賺錢，因此也不如“舊富”有威望。因此“舊富”瞧不起“新富”。故B項正確。34.A細節(jié)理解題。通過第二段中“allofwhichkeepsthemsodistantfromthemassesthattheyhavebeencalledtheout-of-sightclass”可知，富人遠離大眾，所以被稱為“看不見的階層”，因此A項正確。35.A細節(jié)理解題。從文章倒數(shù)第二句“Theyalsocommandanenormousamountofpowerandinfluencehereandabroad”可知，上層階級影響力很大，因此A項正確，故本題選A。由第二段第一句可知，上層階級收集

罕見的書是為了培養(yǎng)興趣，因此B項錯誤。C項過于絕對，應(yīng)予以排除。由第一段倒數(shù)第二句中“Althoughtheymaybewealthierthansomeoftheoldrich”可知，“新貴”可能比“舊貴”更加富有，故D項錯誤。Text4Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It’schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfoodexpertsays.FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolled(贊美)itsvirtues.Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.ChickensgotanotherboostinthebookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.Hernewbook,“TheWholeWorldLovesChickenSoup”,looksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.

“Throughouttheages,”shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweakwomenandtheill.”Inaddition,“soups,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon”areconsidered“comfortfoods.”Sheratonsaid.IlovesoupandlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder,”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.36.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ProminentAmericanFoods.B.HistoryoftheChickenSoup.C.ChickenSoupRecipes.D.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all.37.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensoup_____.A.hasbeenover-estimatedB.hasbeenwidelyacknowledged

C.hasbeenappreciatedonlybyphilosophersD.hasbeenknownonlytomothers38.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.39.Chickensouphascurativepowersmainlyfor_____accordingtoSheraton.A.itscolorB.itstasteC.itsflavorD.itsrecipe40.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis_____.A.amaindishB.apopularfoodC.cheaperthananyotherfoodD.alloftheabove

【答案與解析】36.D主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，文章是圍繞雞湯在世界范圍內(nèi)的治愈功效展開的。故D項正確。37.B細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二段可知，雞湯的功效得到母親們、哲學(xué)家和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的廣泛認可，因而B項正確。38.C細節(jié)理解題。文章第三段提到“Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth”，由此可知，亞里士多德認為家禽應(yīng)比四條腿的動物物種優(yōu)良，因為高處的空氣比地面稀薄。但這只是亞里士多德個人的意見，沒有普遍意義，因而C項不正確。故本題選C。39.A細節(jié)理解題。第四段最后一句提到“muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor”，雞湯之所以具有真正的或想象的治愈能力，主要源于它的顏色。故本題選A。40.B概括大意題。由最后一段提到的研究結(jié)果可知，很多人都因為不同的原因買雞，由此可知雞是一種廣受歡迎的食物。故答案為B。PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41to45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)Theprivatecarisassumedtohavewidenedourhorizonsandincreasedourmobility.Whenweconsiderourchildren’smobility,theycanbedriventomoreplaces(andmoredistantplaces)thantheycouldvisitwithoutaccesstomotorvehicle.However,allowingourcitiestobedominatedbycarshasprogressivelyerodedchildren’sindependencemobility.(41)____________________Inrecentsurveys,whenparentsinsomecitieswereaskedabouttheirownchildhoodexperiences,themajorityrememberedhavingmore,orfarmore,opportunitiesforgoingoutontheirown,comparedwiththeirownchildrentoday.Theyhadmorefreedomtoexploretheirownenvironment.Children’sindependentaccesstotheirlocalstreetsmaybeimportantfortheirownpersonal,mentalandphysicaldevelopment.Allowingthemtogettoknowtheirownneighborhoodandcommunitygivesthema“senseofplace”.Thisdependson“activeexploration”,whichisnotprovidedforwhenchildrenarepassengersincars.(Suchchildrenmayseemore,buttheylearnless.)(42)____________________Thereareverysignificanttimeandmoneycostsforparentsassociatedwithtransportingtheirchildrentoschool,sportandtootherlocations.ResearchintheUnitedKingdomestimatedthatthiscost,in1990,wasbetween10billionand20billionpounds.Thereductioninchildren’sfreedommayalsocontributetoaweakeningofthesenseoflocalcommunity.Asfewerchildrenandadultsusethestreetsaspedestrians,thesestreetsbecomelesssociableplaces.(43)

____________________Thisinitselfmayexacerbatefearsassociatedwithassaultandmolestation,becausetherearefeweradultsavailablewhoknowtheirneighbors’children,andwhocanlookoutfortheirsafety.Theextratrafficinvolvedintransportingchildrenresultsinincreasedtrafficcongestion,pollutionandaccidentrisk.(44)____________________Anyonewhohasexperiencedeitherthereducedvolumeoftrafficjamsnearschoolsattheendofaschoolday,willnotneedconvincingaboutthesepoints.Thus,therearealsoimportantenvironmentalimplicationsofchildren’slossoffreedom.(45)____________________Theideathat“streetsareforcarsandbackyardsandplaygroundareforchildren”isastronglyheldbelief,andparentshavelittlechoiceasindividualsbuttokeeptheirchildrenoffthestreetsiftheywanttoprotecttheirsafety.A.Intheseareas,residentsareacceptingtheviewthatthefunctionofstreetsisnotsolelytoprovidemobilityforcars.B.Notonlyisitimportantthatchildrenbeabletogettolocalplayareasbythemselves,butwalkingandcyclingjourneystoschoolandtootherdestinationsprovidegenuineplayactivitiesinthemselves.C.Asourroadsbecomemoredangerous,moreparentsdrivetheirchildrentomoreplaces,thuscontributingtoincreasedlevelsofdangerfortheremainingpedestrians.D.Childrenhavelostmuchoftheirfreedomtoexploretheirownneighborhoodorcitywithoutadultsupervision.

E.Asindividuals,parentsstrivetoprovidethebestupbringingtheycanfortheirchildren.However,indoingso,(e.g.bydrivingtheirchildrentosport,schoolorrecreation)parentsmaybecontributingtoamoredangerousenvironmentforchildrengenerally.F.Thereislessopportunityforchildrenandadultstohavethespontaneousexchangesthathelptoengenderafeelingofcommunity.G.Modifyingcitiesinordertoenhancechildren’sfreedomwillnotonlybenefitchildren.Suchcitieswillbecomemoreenvironmentallysustainable,aswellasmoresociableandmorelivableforallcityresidents.【答案與解析】41.D通過后面兩句可知，本段主要講述與父母相比，現(xiàn)在的孩子外出的自由更少了。D項表示“如今的孩子們擁有更少的自由來允許他們在沒有成人的監(jiān)管下獨立探索他們社區(qū)或城市”，與本段內(nèi)容相符，故D項正確。42.B本段主要講述孩子獨立探索街區(qū)對孩子成長的益處，B項表示“孩子們獨立去當?shù)匦蓍e場所很重要，而且步行或騎車去學(xué)校和其他地方也能為他們自己提供真正的游戲活動”，與本段內(nèi)容相符，故本題選B項。43.F本段一開始就提到，孩子自由的減少致使他們的社區(qū)意識減弱。接著文章提到，越來越少的成人和孩子步行，街道不再像以往那樣可以成為社交的場所。F項“孩子和成人能夠自然交流形成社區(qū)意識的機會也越來越少?！迸c本段主題一致，并且與上下文語意連貫，因此選F項。44.C第一句是本段的中心句，指出開車帶孩子出行帶來的額外車流

量，會增加交通擁堵，并造成環(huán)境污染和事故風(fēng)險，C項主要解釋交通問題加劇的狀況，符合邏輯。故選C項。45.E本段最后提到，為保障孩子的安全，父母別無選擇，只能讓他們遠離街道，可知選項E符合邏輯，表示“個人來講，父母會盡可能為孩子提供最好的成長環(huán)境，然而，這樣一來（例如，開車帶孩子去運動、上學(xué)或娛樂）父母可能會使孩子身處的環(huán)境更加危險”。PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“naturevsnurture.”Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(46)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupportthe“nurture”theory,thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.(47)Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Letusexaminethedifferentexplanationsaboutonehumancharacteristic,intelligence,offeredbythetwotheories.(48)Supportersofthe“nature”theoryinsistthatwearebornwithacertaincapacityforlearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay,theydon’tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallyapredeterminedcharacteristic.Ontheotherhand,behavioristsarguethatourintelligencelevelsaretheproductofourexperience.(49)Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.IntheUnitedStates,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites.(50)Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendepri