新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分(中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)出版社)

第第頁(yè)新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分(中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)出版社)2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

Unit1

PartA

I

Prefi*Meaning

bi-tri-poly-hyper-ab-ad-peri-mal-ant(i)-hypo-II

1-6IFJLAB

E*amples

bilateraltwo

triamyloethree

polycysticmany,much

over,above,e*cessive,fromhypertensionawayfromabnormal

adhesionto,toward,near

pericardiumaround,surrounding

malnutritionill,bad,poor

antibacterialagainst

hypothyroiddeficient

7-12KCDGEH

PartB

1.Theholidaysaresupposedtobehappy,butitiseasytogainweightandfeelovers

tressed.

2.Avoidnibblingbetweenmeals,chooselow-caloriefoods,anddon'tdrinktoomuch.3.Indigestion.

4.Becausedrinksarehighlycaloric.

5.Trytoavoiddoingtoomuch,andgetplentyofrest.Aerobice*ercise,calisthenicsandanaerobice*ercise.

PartC

Te*tA

ComprehensionCheck

I

1.Holisticmedicineisasystemofalternatemedicine.Itvisualizesthebodyasawholeand

viewsbodyasmorethanthesumoftheparts.Ittriestoattainaperfectharmonybyfosteringacooperativerelationshipamongallthoseinvolved,leadingtowardsoptimalattainmentof

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

2新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分

thephysical,mental,emotional,socialandspiritualaspectsofhealth.Itfocusesoneducationandresponsibilityforpersonaleffortstoachievebalanceandwellbeing.

HolisticHealthisatotalapproachtolifebothinphysicalandspiritualterms.Thegoalofholistichealingistoachievema*imumbodyfunction,whereindividualbodypartsarefunctioningtheverybestthatispossiblebythemselves.

Inmainstreammedicine,aholisticapproachgenerallymeansamoreinclusiveapproachtoaperson'shealth,onethatincludesthepatient'ssocialandculturalsituationaswellasherorhisillness.

Holisticmedicinecaninvolvetheuseofconventionalandalternativetherapiesbutfocusesmostlyonlifestylechanges.

Holisticmedicinehasitsrootsinseveralancienthealingtraditionsthatstresshealthylivingandbeinginharmonywithnature.Socratespromotedaholisticapproach.Platowasanotheradvocateofholism,advisingdoctorstorespecttherelationshipbetweenmindandbody.Hippocrates,emphasizedthebody'sabilitytohealitselfandcautioneddoctorsnottointerferewiththatprocess.Itwasnotuntil1926,however,thatJanChristianSmutscoinedthetermholism,whichhasgivenusthemoreintegratedconceptofpsychosomaticmedicinenowknownasholisticmedicine.Inthe1970s,holisticbecameamorecommonterm.

3.homeostasis

2.

3.

4.5.

II

1.Holisticmedicine2.Holistichealth4.lifestylechanges5.Holisticmedicine

Translation

I

1.整體健康指身體和精神兩個(gè)方面都健康。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不是詳細(xì)的病種或患病部位，

而是作為整體的一個(gè)人與其所處環(huán)境的相互關(guān)系狀況。

2.任何人無(wú)論目前身體狀況如何，只要采納整體健康的方法，其健康水平都會(huì)有明顯的

提高。

3.盡管許多狀況下，整體健康和整體醫(yī)學(xué)這兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)可以交換運(yùn)用，但整體健康指達(dá)到

身體、心理、精神和情感的健康，而整體醫(yī)學(xué)指藉整體健康理論治療疾病。

4.有人宣稱(chēng)在不采納主流醫(yī)學(xué)即常規(guī)醫(yī)學(xué)的條件下僅依靠整體醫(yī)學(xué)就可以有效地治療癌

癥或其它疾病，但現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)證據(jù)并不支持這種說(shuō)法。

5.在主流醫(yī)學(xué)中，整體醫(yī)療一般指一種更為全面的治療方法，它不僅治療疾病，還要考

慮與患者有關(guān)的社會(huì)和文化狀況。II

1.Holisticmedicinefocusesoneducationandresponsibilityforpersonaleffortstoachieve

balanceandwellbeing.

2.Holisticmedicineisbasedontheverybasiclawofnaturethatstatesthatwholeismadeupof

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

AnswerKey3

interdependentparts.

3.Holisticmedicinecaninvolvetheuseofconventionalandalternativetherapiesbutfocuses

mostlyonlifestylechanges.

4.Holisticmedicinecanalsoincludenaturalsupplementsthatcausethesamechangesas

conventionaldrugs.

VocabularyStudy

1.optimal2.hypnosis3.holistic4.modality5.encompass6.intravenous7.equilibrium8.complication9.rehabilitation10.hygiene

Te*tB

ComprehensionCheck

I

1-4FTFT5-7FTFII

1.Itisbasedontheconceptthatdiseaseresultsfromdisruptionintheflowofqiandimbalance

intheforcesofyinandyang.

2.Therearethreemaintherapeuticmodalities:

1)Acupunctureandmo*ibustionIntraditionalChinesemedicine,theuseofheatfrom

burningtheherbmo*aonorneartheskinatanacupuncturepoint.Intendedtostimulatetheflowofqiandrestorehealth.2)ChineseMateriaMedica3)Massageandmanipulation

3.SomeoftheprimaryAyurvedictreatmentsincludediet,e*ercise,meditation,herbs,massage,

e*posuretosunlight,andcontrolledbreathing.

4.Thecoremodalitiesincludedietmodificationandnutritionalsupplements,herbalmedicine,

acupunctureandChinesemedicine,hydrotherapy,massageandjointmanipulation(theapplicationofcontrolledforcetoajoint,movingitbeyondthenormalrangeofmotioninanefforttoaidinrestoringhealth).

5.Itsfounder,GermanphysicianSamuelChristianHahnemann,hypothesizedthatonecan

selecttherapiesonthebasisofhowcloselysymptomsproducedbyaremedymatchthesymptomsofthepatient'sdisease.Hecalledthistheprincipleofsimilars.

6.Thesesystemsarebasedonthebeliefthatone'sbodyhasthepowertohealitself.Healing

ofteninvolvesmarshallingmultipletechniquesthatinvolvethemind,body,andspirit.Treatmentisoftenindividualizedanddependentonthepresentingsymptoms.III

1.allopathic2.traditionalChinesemedicine

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

4新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分

3.Ayurvedicmedicine4.homeopathy，Naturopathy5.Acupuncture

6.one'sbodyhasthepowertohealitself

Te*tC

1-6GDBFAC

Unit2

PartA

I

Stems/Affi*esMeaningE*amples

arthr(o)-joint(articulation)arthritischondr(o)-cartilagechondrallumb(o)-loin(lowerback)lumbarmyel(o)-marrow,bonemarrowmyelitisoste(o)-boneosteomyelitisthorac(o)-chestthoracicten(o)-tendon(tostretch)tenodesis

vertebr(o)-vertebravertebral-iapathologicalorabnormalconditionano*ia-trophygrowthhypertrophyII

1-5BFECBIII

1.cervical2.articular3.intercostals4.myalgia5.leiomyoma6.pelvic7.osteodynia8.myelosis9.scoliosis10.hypertrophy

6-10GAIHJ

PartB

1.CalciumandvitaminDarefundamental.

2.Osteoporosisisactuallyachildhooddiseasethatmanifestsitselflaterinlife.

3.Theboneswillbecomeriddledwithholes,liketheframeofthe

housethathasbeenattackedbytermites.

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

AnswerKey5

4.Yes.Thebrokenbonescancausedeformity,chronicpainordisability.

5.ItstrikesabouteightmillionwomenintheUnitedStatesandmenacestwomillionmen.6.Yes.Calcium,vitaminDande*ercisearecrucialinpreventingosteoporosis.

PartC

Te*tA

ComprehensionCheck

1.osteoblastsosteocytesosteoclasts2.bonemarrow3.CompactCancellous

4.Skeletalmusclesstriated5.fle*ore*tensor

VocabularyStudy

1.involuntary2.automatically3.Ossificationcomponents4.multiplying5.fracture6.inflammation7.inherited8.atrisk9.hereditary10.relieve

Translation

I

1.骨骼由長(zhǎng)的纖維性帶子—韌帶—連接在一起。軟骨是關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)柔韌的、有彈性的物質(zhì)，

能支持骨骼并能減削關(guān)節(jié)間骨骼摩擦從而愛(ài)護(hù)骨骼。

2.骨骼肌附著在骨骼上，主要分布于上下肢、腹部、胸部、頸部和顏面部。由于顯微鏡

下可見(jiàn)骨骼肌纖維上有橫向條紋，所以骨骼肌又稱(chēng)為橫紋肌。

3.假如未經(jīng)充分熱身就做猛烈運(yùn)動(dòng)或肌肉對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)不習(xí)慣〔如新運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目或長(zhǎng)期未做的熟

悉項(xiàng)目〕，就會(huì)發(fā)生肌肉拉傷。而扭傷通常是腳踝或膝蓋扭曲發(fā)生的損傷，

4.身體某個(gè)部位承受過(guò)度壓力會(huì)引發(fā)重復(fù)性過(guò)度勞累損傷，引起炎癥〔痛苦和腫脹〕、

肌肉拉傷或組織破壞。

5.肌營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良是一組累及肌肉的遺傳性疾病，會(huì)漸漸使肌肉無(wú)力、萎縮。II

1.Ossificationiswhenthecartilageisreplacedbyharddepositsofcalciumphosphateand

stretchycollagen,thetwomaincomponentsofbone.

2.Cardiacmuscleisfoundintheheart.Thewallsoftheheart'schambersarecomposedalmost

entirelyofmusclefibers.

3.Arthritisistheinflammationofajoint,andpeoplewhohaveite*perienceswelling,warmth,

pain,andoftenhavetroublemoving.

4.E*ercisingregularlyandgettingplentyofcalciumwhenyou'reakidandteencanprevent

ordelayyoufromgettingosteoporosislaterinlife.

Te*tB

ComprehensionCheck

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

6新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分

I

1-5FTFTFII

1.Theybreakdowncomple*proteinsintosmallerfragmentsofaminoacidchains.

2.Osteoarthritisiscausedbyanabnormalreleaseofenzymesfromcartilagecells,whichlead

tocartilagebreakdownandprogressivejointdestruction,andthusosteoarthritis.

3.Theactivatedimmunecellsofthecartilageenterthesynovialmembrane,produce

proinflammatorycytokineswhichtriggeralocalinflammatoryresponse,andultimatelyresultinpain,swellingandlossofjointmovement.

4.Becauseanothergroupofmolecules,adhesionmolecules,makesthesurfaceoftheactivated

immunesystemsticky,enablingthemtocontinuemovingintothesynoviainlargenumber.

Writing

Systemenzymescaneffectivelyreducetheproductionofcytokinesresponsiblefortriggeringalocalinflammatoryresponsebytheactivatedimmunecells,andinhibittheirinvasionofsynovia.Meanwhile,ithasbeenfoundoutthatsystemenzymescanalsodecreasethenumberofdockingportswhichanchorthereceptorproteins.Moreimportant,theycanbreakdownthecelladhesionmolecules,blockingthehighwayoftheactivatedimmunecellsintothesynovia.Bytheirinterferencewiththebasicprocessoftheactivatedimmunecells'sautoimmuity,thenumberofimmunecomple*esisreduced,andtheyhelpreducethepainandregionalswellingarereducedandgraduallyimprovetheconditionofthejoints.

Te*tC

I

1.Mainstreammedicineisadoptinghypnosisinthemedicaltreatmentanddoctorsof

psychologylearnsomehypnosisaspartoftheirformaltraining.

2.Thehypnosise*pertwillcapturetheperson'sattention,narrowitandguideit.

3.No.Itisbecausenoteveryonecanbehypnotizedandit'salsonotclearhowmanysessionsit

takestobeeffective.

4.Itisbecausethehumanpsycheisacomplicatedandsometimesmuddledthing.Some

conflictedunconsciousthoughtsworkagainstone'sbestconsciousefforts.5.It'sacombinationofphysicalrela*ationandmentalacuity.

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

AnswerKey7

Unit3

PartA

I

Stems/Affi*esMeaningE*amples

neuralgia

neur(o)-nerve

phob(o)-e*aggeratedfearphobiagli(o)-neurogliagliomamyel(o)-spinalcordencephal(o)-brainschiz(o)-split-plegiaparalysis-lepsyseisureII

1-5FCGAIIII

1.schizophrenia2.hyperesthesia3.comatose4.hypnosis5.radiculopathy6.thecerebrospinalfluid7.localanesthesia8.narcotic9.neuralgia

10.cerebellar

6-10JDBHE

myelomaencephalastheniaschizoidhemiplegiaepilepsy

spin(o)-spine(thorn)spinal

-paresisslightparalysishemiparesis

PartB

1.Theythinkitisanaturalagingprocess.2.Theybehavedifferentlyfrombefore.3.Troubledandconfused,suspiciousandhostile.4.Becauseofanunknownbraindisorder.

5.Becausetheirtwistedbraincellscan'ttransmitanymessages.

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

8新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分

PartC

Te*tA

ComprehensionCheck

1.Thebasicunitofthenervoussystemisthenervecell(neuron).Nervecellsconsistofalargecellbodyandtwotypesofnervefibers—oneelongateda*onforsendingimpulsesandusuallymanydendritesforreceivingimpulses.

2.Thebrainandspinalcordalsocontainsupportcellscalledglialcells.Thereareseveraltypes,includingthefollowing:astrocyteshelpprovidenutrientstonervecellsandcontrolthechemicalcompositionoffluidsaroundnervecells,enablingthemtothrive;oligodendrocytesmakemyelin,afattysubstancethatinsulatesnervea*onsandspeedstheconductionofimpulsesalongnervefibers;microgliahelpprotectthebrainagainstinfectionandhelpremovedebrisfromdeadcells.

3.Thethalamusgenerallyorganizessensorymessagestoandfromthehighestlevelsofthebrain(cerebralcorte*),providingageneralawarenessofsuchsensationsaspain,touch,andtemperature.

5.Thebrainstemcontrolslevelsofconsciousnessandalertnessandautomaticallyregulatescriticalbodyfunctions,suchasbreathing,swallowing,bloodpressure,andheartbeat,andithelpsadjustposture.Iftheentirebrainstembecomesseverelydamaged,consciousnessislost,andtheseautomaticbodyfunctionscease.Deathsoonfollows.Therearethreepartsthatmakeupthebrainstem:themedullaoblongata,theponsandthemidbrain.

VocabularyStudy

1.degenerate2.stroke3.release4.tone5.inhibiting6.cranial7.takeover8.spinalcord9.resembles10.trigger

Translation

I1.2.3.4.

腦和脊髓很少產(chǎn)生新的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞，但參加記憶形成的海馬區(qū)是個(gè)例外。

血氧過(guò)低或異樣低的血糖水平會(huì)降低大腦獵取的能量并在幾分鐘內(nèi)嚴(yán)峻損傷大腦。大腦可以分為左右半球，其中間由神經(jīng)纖維組成的橋狀結(jié)構(gòu)〔胼胝體〕相連。

有些脊神經(jīng)相互交織構(gòu)成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為神經(jīng)叢。在一個(gè)神經(jīng)叢中，來(lái)自不同脊神經(jīng)的神經(jīng)纖維得到分類(lèi)和重組，這樣通往或來(lái)自同一身體部位的神經(jīng)纖維就被歸置在一起形成了一個(gè)神經(jīng)。

5.四周神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)是傳遞感覺(jué)沖動(dòng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)沖動(dòng)的一個(gè)通道。該通道一端連接著中樞神經(jīng)系

統(tǒng)，另一端和體表、骨骼肌以及內(nèi)部器官相連。II

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

AnswerKey9

1.NosingletestcanconfirmadiagnosisofPD,becausethesymptomsvaryfrompersonto

person.

2.Thebrainisalsoprotectedbytheblood-brainbarrierthatpreventssometo*icsubst

ancesinthebloodfromreachingthebrain.

3.Nerveimpulsestravelmuchfasterinnerveswithamyelinsheaththaninthosewithoutone.4.Alossofbloodflowtothebrainformorethanabout10secondscancauselossof

consciousness.

5.Therearetwomajornerveple*uses:thebrachialple*us,whichsortsandrecombinesnerve

fiberstravelingtothearmsandhands,andthelumbosacralple*us,whichsortsandrecombinesnervefibersgoingtothelegsandfeet.III

1.Sufficientintakeofvariousvitaminsisindispensabletohealth.

2.E*tensiveevaluationoftheeosinophilsrevealthemtobenormalmorphologicallyand

functionally.

3.E*aminationofthelungshowsfineormediummoistralesovertheinvolvedarea.

4.Distributionofnervesthroughthebodyensuresthefunctionalactivitiesofvarioustissues

andorgans.

5.Thetreatmentofcommoncoldremainsessentiallyunchanged.

Writing

Ournervoussystemiscomposedofthecentral,theperipheralandtheautonomicnervoussystems.Theyareresponsibleforallthebodilyprocessandreactionsandadjustmentofthebodytoitsenvironment.Neuronsandneurogliaarethebasiccellstructureoftheentirecentralnervoussystem.Thecellbody,thedendritesandthea*onresponsibleforconductingimpulsesandthereleaseofchemicalregulatorscomprisetheneurons.Dendritesconducttheimpulsestothecellbody,andthea*onssendtheimpulsesawayfromthebody.Theneurogliaisthesupportstructureofthecentralnervoussystem.

Asfarasthecentralnervoussystemisconcerned,itismadeupofthebrainandthespinal.Thecentralnervoussystemallowsourbodytofunctionandremainsafeandmaintainthehomeostasisofthebody.

Theperipheralnervoussystemiscomposedofspinalnerve,cranialnerves,andcertainpartsoftheautonomicnervoussystem.Itisachannelfortherelayofsensoryandmotorimpulsesbetweenthecentralnervoussystemandthebodysurface,skeletalmuscles,andinternalorgans.Theautonomicsystemisapartoftheperipheralnervoussystemwithtwomajordivisions,thesympatheticnervousandtheparasympatheticnervoussystem.Itisresponsibleforregulatingthebasicvisceralprocessesnecessaryforthemaintenanceofnormalbodilyfunctions.

Te*tB

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分10

ComprehensionCheck

I

1-6TFTFFTII

1.Alzheimer'sdisease(AD)isaprogressive,degenerative,neurologicaldisorderthatis

characterizedbyimpairmentofmemoryandeventuallybydisturbancesinreasoning,planning,language,andperception.

2.Memorylossisoneoftheearliestsymptoms,alongwithagradualdeclineofotherintellectual

andthinkingabilities,calledcognitivefunctions,andchangesinpersonalityorbehavior.1.Asthediseaseprogresses,nervecellsinseveralbrainareasshrinkanddie.

2.Environmentalfactorssuchasaformerseriousheadinjury,lowerlevelsofformaleducation,

andlowersocioeconomicstatus,one'senvironmentande*periencesearlyinlife.

3.Thenon-drugtreatmentsfocusonhelpingtheindividualadjustorcontrolhisorherbehavior

orhelpingcaregiversandotherfamilymemberschangetheperson'sbehavior.

4.Becausecholinesteraseinhibitorscanincreasetheamountofacetylcholineinthebrainand

improvebrainfunctionbystoppingthebreakdownofthisneurotransmitter.III1.mentalabilities2.inherited3.pathologicchanges

4.chemicalmessengers5.Ageandfamilyhistory6.slowdowntherateofdecline

Te*tC

1-4ICEA

Writing

5-8JFBH

DearAmy:

I'msorrytohearyouaresufferingfromtensionheadaches.Ihavejustreadanarticleabouthowtodealwiththem.Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.

First,taketensionheadachesseriously.Atensionheadacheisnotusuallyasymptomofaseriousmedicalcondition.Manyseriousconditionscancauseheadpainsimilartoatensionheadache.Ifheadacheoccurswithothersymptoms,seeyourdoctor.

Secondly,don'trelytoomuchonpainkillers.Toomanyprescriptionscancausemoreheadaches.Onthecontrary,youshouldfigureoutthecausesofheadacheandavoidthem.Regulare*ercisessuchaswalking,swimmingandbicyclingwillbebeneficialtoyouandcanreducethefrequencyandseverityoftensionheadaches.

Thirdly,beoptimistic.Youmaysometimesfeeldepressedandan*ious.Don'tletsomenegativeemotionsdominateyourlife.Headachesareabother,butthey'renotsomethingyoucan'tovercome.Ifyouneedhelp,youcanturntome.Iwillalwaysbewithyou.

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

AnswerKey11

YoursSincerely,Mary

Unit4

PartA

I

Stems/Affi*es

MeaningE*amples

angl(o)-vesselangiogramarter(o)-arteryarteriosclerosiscardi(o)-heartcardiomegalypericardi(o)-pericardiumpericardiocentesisrhythm(o)-rhythmarrhythmiathromb(o)-clotthrombolysisventricul(o)-lowerheartchamberventriculotmybrady-slowbradycardiahem(o)-bloodhemoglobinII

1-5CEAHBIII

1.aorticstenosis2.atheroma3.valvuloplasty9.cardioangiography

10.thrombolysis

4.phlebitis

5.ischemia6.tachycardia7.hemorrhage8.cardiotomy

6-10JIFDG

PartB

1.Becausemenwhodrankmoderateamountsofalcoholwereabout30percentlesslikelyto

haveaheartattackthannon-drinkers.

2.Theydidtheresearchbasedonthefollowingfactors:themen'sages,useoftobacco,

physicalactivityandwhethertheirparentshadheartdisease.

3.Toomuchalcoholislinkedtoanincreasedriskofbreastcancer,andcancauseliver

problems.

4.Theyprefermedicines,notalchohol.5.Forty-thousand.

PartC

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分12

Te*tA

ComprehensionCheck

I

1.blood;lymph;nutrients;o*ygen;carbondio*ide;hormones;bloodcells2.Arteries;veins

II

1.Artery,veinandcapillary.

2.Becausetheinnerlayerofthebloodvesselissurroundedbyconnectivetissueandsmooth

muscle.

3.Avalvecanpreventbloodfromflowingbackwardsawayfromtheheart.

4.Itcarriesouttheeffectiveprotectsagainstbothinjuryanddiseasethroughclotting,white

bloodcells,andtheprocessofphagocytosis.

5.Whenfoodiseatenitisbrokendownbythedigestivesystemandthenutrientsareabsorbed

throughthewalloftheintestines,whichisthenpickedupbythebloodvesselsandcarriedofftothecellsrequiringthenutrition.

6.Asmallpercentageoftissuefluidisreturnedthroughthecapillariesandislikelytoenterthe

lymphaticsystem.Fluidwithinthelymphaticsystem,knownaslymph,isthendischargedbackintothevenousblood.Thisisthebody'snaturalformofrecycling.

Translation

I

1.Thecardiovascularisundernervouscontrol.

2.Bloodpressureisatitsminimumduringdiastole,andthediastolicpressureisabout80mm

ofmercury.

3.Symptomatictreatmentofanginamaybecarriedoutunderthephysician'ssupervision.

4.Ifinthepresenceofhighbloodpressure,thepatienthasacomplaintofchestpainalso,then

hemaybehospitalized.

Writing

Thecirculatorysystemiscomposedofthreestructuralelements,theheart,bloodandbloodvessels.Theheartpumpsdeo*ygenatedtowardthelungsando*ygenatedbloodtothebody.Itcanbedividedintofourchambers:therightatrium,therightventricle,theleftatrium,andtheleftventricle.Asfarasbloodisconcerned,therearethreetypes:o*ygen-bearingredbloodcells,disease-fightingwhitebloodcells,andblood-clottingplatelets.Thesebloodvesselsformacomple*networkoftubesthroughoutthebodywhichcanbedividedintotwosystems,systemicandpulmonarysystems.Arterycarriesbloodawayfromtheheart,andveinscarryittowardtheheartandveinscarryittowardtheheart,andcapillarieslinkthearteriesandtheveinswhere

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

AnswerKey13

o*ygenandnutrientsdiffusetobodytissues.

Thecirculatorysystemhasthevariouscapabilitiesandfunctionswhichcanbesegregatedintotwobasicresponsibilities:transportationofthesubstancesnecessarytomaintaincellularmetabolismandprotectionofthebody.Inconjunctionwiththerespiratoryandthedigestivesystems,theformeriscarriedoutwhilethebodyisprotectedeffectivelythroughclotting,whitebloodcells,andtheprocessofphagocytosis.

Te*tB

ComprehensionCheck

I

1-5TFFFTII

1.Becausethepainmaymovetootherpartsofthebody.

2.WhenanginapaincomeswithCAD,anumberofmedicinesaregiventoreleasethepain.3.Angioplastyandcoronaryarterybypasssurgery.4.Angiography.

Te*tC

1-4IBEH

5-8AGDC

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分14

Unit5

PartA

I

Stems/Affi*es

alveol(o)-

Meaning

alveolus,airsac

E*amples

alveolar

bronchiolitislaryngospasmmediastinoscopynasoseptalhypo*iae*pectorationpharyngealpleurotomypneumoniapulmometryrhinorrheaspirometerthoracotomytracheospasm

bronchi(o)-bronchiolelaryng(o)-laryn*mediastin(o)-mediastinumnas(o)-noseo*(o)-o*ygenpector(o)-chestpharyng(o)-pharyn*pleur(o)-pleurapneum(o)-lung,airpulm(o)-lungrhin(o)-nosespir(o)-breathingthorac(o)-chesttrache(o)-tracheaII

1-5CFAIEIII

6-9DHBG

-pneabreathingapnea

1.bronchodilation2.hyperpnea3.nasogastric4.hypo*ia5.e*pectoration6.neutrophil7.pleurorrhea8.rhinoedema9.tachypnea10.tracheospasm11.thoracotomy12.hemoptysis

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

AnswerKey15

PartB

1.Theyhavetroublebreathing.

2.Thirteenyearsold.

3.Thosewhocometothecenterbeforetheageof6months.4.Thosewhogrowupwithotherchildren.

5.Agerm-freeenvironmentisnotgoodtothegrowthofthechildren.

PartC

Te*tA

ComprehensionCheck

I

1.o*idation2.tracheabronchilobes3.phagocytes4.breastbone/sternum5.ventilationdiffusionperfusion

VocabularyStudy

1.indispensable2.respiratory3.epiglottis4.involuntary5.spontaneous6.diaphragm7.concentration8.allergen9.Vaccines10.alveoli

Translation

I

1.氣血屏障的平均厚度約為1微米。氧氣快速地通過(guò)氣血屏障進(jìn)入毛細(xì)血管內(nèi)的血液。

同樣地二氧化碳從血液進(jìn)入肺泡并被呼出體外。

2.衰弱對(duì)呼吸系統(tǒng)的影響和對(duì)其它器官的影響是相像的：最大功能漸漸下降。與年齡相

關(guān)的肺部轉(zhuǎn)變包括氣流量峰值、氣體交換量及肺活量〔一次最大吸氣后再盡最大技能所呼出的氣體量〕下降；還包括呼吸肌衰弱和肺的防備技能減弱。3.呼吸的頻率隨人體的需求而改變，并由大腦中叫做延髓的呼吸中樞調(diào)整

4.有些頸部和背部損傷會(huì)使脊髓斷開(kāi)從而切斷腦和肌肉間的神經(jīng)聯(lián)系，這時(shí)假如不進(jìn)行

人工通氣患者會(huì)死亡。

5.過(guò)敏癥是免疫系統(tǒng)把某種異物誤認(rèn)為對(duì)人體的威逼從而對(duì)其發(fā)生的過(guò)度反應(yīng)。II

1.Threeprocessesareessentialforthetransferofo*ygenfromtheoutsideairtotheblood

flowingthroughthelungs:ventilation,diffusion,andperfusion.

2.Ciliabeatmorethan1,000timesaminute,movingthemucusthatlinesthetracheaabout

0.5to1centimeterperminute.

3.Theheartpumpstheo*ygen-richbloodthroughoutthebodytonourishthetissues.

4.Thenasalcavitieswarm,moistentheinhaledgasesandfiltertheairofpossible

2022年,郝長(zhǎng)江總主編。武清宇、宋軍、張宏主編。

新編基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)答案部分16

contaminants.

5.Asthmaisachronicinflammationofthebody'sbronchialtissues,whosetypicalsymptoms

arecoughing,wheezingandtheinabilitytobreathenormally.

Te*tB

ComprehensionCheck

I

1-4FTFFII

1.Asthmaattackscanlastminutestodays,eventoyears.

2.Themaincausesofasthmaincludeallergens,genes,infections,intensee*ercises,etc.

3.Theclassicsymptomsofanasthmaattackincludewheezing,shortnessofbreath,coughing,

chesttightnessorchestpain,necktightness,rapidheartrateandsweating.

4.EIAstandsforE*ercise-inducedasthma.Itisalimitedformofasthmainwhiche*ercise

triggerscoughing,wheezing,orshortnessofbreath.Thisconditiongenerallyoccursinchildrenandyoungadults,mostoftenduringintensee*erciseincolddryair.Symptomsaregenerallymostintenseabout10minutesaftere*ercisingandthengraduallyresolve.

5.Avoidingallergens,followingappropriatedrugtreatments,andhomemonitoringarekey

elementsinpreventingdangerousasthmaattacks.Inaddition,goodcommunicationbetweenthedoctorandpatientisakeyfactorinasuccessfulmanagementprogram.III

1.developed

2.comple*；vary5.lungfunction；ruleout

3.childhood

4.mucus

5-8TFFT

Te*tC

1.Tobaccosmokefrequentlytopsthelistofthemostcommontriggersofanasthmaattack.

2.Roughly200ofthe4,000chemicalsintobaccosmokeareconsideredto*ic,andabout40of

thechemicalsmaycausecancer.

3.No,second-handsmokecan,insomecircumstances,bemoredangerousbecauseitcontains

higherconcentrationsofdamagingsubstances,suchastarandcarbonmono*ide.

4.Tobaccosmokecancauseawiderangeofmedicalconditionssuchasallergies,bronchitis,

pneumonia,cancerandischemicheartdiseaseetc.

5.Quitsmoking;donotallowsmokinginth