2024年高考英語快樂ABCD剖析高考真題閱讀基礎(chǔ)：解析2023年北京卷素材

答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁2023年北京高考英語真題卷ABCD閱讀理解篇基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（A）TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint(沖刺).4-WeekLearningSprintThe4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants?Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.?Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.?Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.?Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.?Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.?Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.?Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同伴).?Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.【任務(wù)一：A篇重點(diǎn)單詞學(xué)習(xí)】1.Empowers-音標(biāo):/?m?pa??rz/-詳細(xì)釋義:授權(quán)，使有能力-詞組搭配：empowertalents（授權(quán)才能）、empowercommunities（賦予社區(qū)權(quán)力）-所有派生詞：empowerment（授權(quán)，賦權(quán)）2.Programme-音標(biāo):/?pro?ɡr?m/-詳細(xì)釋義:計(jì)劃，項(xiàng)目-詞組搭配：leadershipprogramme（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力項(xiàng)目）、trainingprogramme（培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃）-所有派生詞：programmer（程序員）、programming（編程）3.Selected-音標(biāo):/s??l?kt?d/-詳細(xì)釋義:被選中的-詞組搭配：selectedcandidates（被選中的候選人）、selectedgroup（選定群體）-所有派生詞：selection（選擇）、selector（選擇者）4.Reflection-音標(biāo):/r??fl?k??n/-詳細(xì)釋義:反思，反省-詞組搭配：self-reflection（自我反思）、deepreflection（深刻反思）-所有派生詞：reflective（反思的）、reflectivity（反射性）5.Requirements-音標(biāo):/r??kwa?rm?nts/-詳細(xì)釋義:要求，條件-詞組搭配：meetrequirements（滿足要求）、jobrequirements（工作要求）-所有派生詞：require（需要）、required（必須的）6.Publicspeaking-音標(biāo):/?p?bl?k?spi?k??/-詳細(xì)釋義:公開演講，公眾演講-詞組搭配：improvepublicspeakingskills（提高公眾演講技巧）、fearofpublicspeaking（害怕公開演講）-所有派生詞：publicspeaker（公眾演講者）、publicspeakingcourse（公眾演講課程）7.Committed-音標(biāo):/k??m?t?d/-詳細(xì)釋義:承諾的，堅(jiān)定的-詞組搭配：fullycommitted（全心全意的）、committedrelationship（穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系）-所有派生詞：commitment（承諾）、commit（承諾，投入）8.Coached-音標(biāo):/ko?t?t/-詳細(xì)釋義:輔導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)-詞組搭配：getcoached（接受指導(dǎo)）、coachsomeone（輔導(dǎo)某人）-所有派生詞：coaching（輔導(dǎo)）、coach（教練）9.Backgrounds-音標(biāo):/?b?kɡra?ndz/-詳細(xì)釋義:背景，經(jīng)歷-詞組搭配：diversebackgrounds（不同背景）、culturalbackgrounds（文化背景）-所有派生詞：background（背景）、backgroundinformation（背景信息）【任務(wù)二：高級(jí)詞組搭配】1.Makeapositivedifference-意思:產(chǎn)生積極影響-例句:Engagingincommunityservicecanmakeapositivedifferenceinpeople'slives.-例句翻譯:參與社區(qū)服務(wù)可以在人們的生活中產(chǎn)生積極影響。2.Spreadthemessage-意思:傳播信息-例句:It'simportanttospreadthemessageofenvironmentalconservationtoraiseawareness.-例句翻譯:將環(huán)保的信息傳播開來以提高人們的意識(shí)是很重要的。3.Workon-意思:從事，致力于-例句:Theywillworkonimprovingaccesstoeducationforunderprivilegedchildren.-例句翻譯:他們將致力于改善貧困兒童接受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。4.Strongpublicspeakingskills-意思:出色的公眾演講技巧-例句:Aleaderwithstrongpublicspeakingskillscaninspireandmotivateotherseffectively.-例句翻譯:具有出色的公眾演講技巧的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以有效地激勵(lì)和激發(fā)他人。5.Creatingpositivechange-意思:創(chuàng)造積極變化-例句:Throughcollaborativeefforts,wecanworktowardscreatingpositivechangeinsociety.-例句翻譯:通過協(xié)作努力，我們可以致力于在社會(huì)中創(chuàng)造積極的變化。6.Opentobeingcoached-意思:愿意接受輔導(dǎo)-例句:Successfulathletesareoftenopentobeingcoachedtoimprovetheirperformance.-例句翻譯:成功的運(yùn)動(dòng)員通常愿意接受輔導(dǎo)以提高他們的表現(xiàn)。7.Workwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds-意思:與來自不同背景的人合作-例句:Inamulticulturalsociety,it'sessentialtolearnhowtoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.-例句翻譯:在多元文化社區(qū)中，學(xué)會(huì)如何與來自不同背景的人合作是至關(guān)重要的。8.Spreadtheword-意思:散布消息-例句:Let'sspreadthewordabouttheupcomingcharityeventtomaximizeparticipation.-例句翻譯:讓我們散布關(guān)于即將到來的慈善活動(dòng)的消息，以最大程度地提高參與度。（B）Sittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz(振動(dòng))inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective(視角)tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.【B篇總結(jié)】任務(wù)一：重點(diǎn)單詞學(xué)習(xí)1.Buzz-音標(biāo):/b?z/-詳細(xì)釋義:嗡嗡聲；轟鳴聲；興奮狀態(tài)-詞組搭配:abuzzinone'spocket(口袋里的嗡嗡聲)；feelabuzz(感覺興奮)-所有派生詞:buzzer(n.蜂鳴器；使人感到煩擾的人)；buzzing(adj.嗡嗡作響的；興奮的)2.Blur-音標(biāo):/bl??r/-詳細(xì)釋義:模糊；使…變模糊-詞組搭配:visionblurred(視力模糊)；blurthelines(使界限模糊)-所有派生詞:blurry(adj.模糊的)；blurriness(n.模糊)3.Perspective-音標(biāo):/p?r?spekt?v/-詳細(xì)釋義:視角；觀點(diǎn)；透視畫法-詞組搭配:gainperspective(獲得新的視角)；changeinperspective(觀點(diǎn)的改變)-所有派生詞:perspective(adj.透視的；透視性的)4.Derivation-音標(biāo):/?d?r??ve???n/-詳細(xì)釋義:派生；起源；衍生物-詞組搭配:derivationfrom(源自)；linguisticderivation(語源)-所有派生詞:derive(v.獲得；得出；起源于)；derivative(adj.派生的；導(dǎo)數(shù)的)5.Anxious-音標(biāo):/???k??s/-詳細(xì)釋義:焦慮的；擔(dān)心的；渴望的-詞組搭配:feelanxious(感到焦慮)；anxiouswait(焦急等待)-所有派生詞:anxiety(n.焦慮；憂慮)；anxiously(adv.焦急地)6.Panick-音標(biāo):/?p?n?k/-詳細(xì)釋義:恐慌；驚慌-詞組搭配:gointopanic(陷入恐慌)；panicattack(恐慌發(fā)作)-所有派生詞:panic-stricken(adj.驚慌失措的)；panicky(adj.恐慌的)7.Rejected-音標(biāo):/r??d??kt?d/-詳細(xì)釋義:被拒絕的；不被接受的-詞組搭配:rejectfrom(拒絕來自)；feelrejected(感到被拒絕)-所有派生詞:rejecter(n.拒絕者)；rejecting(adj.拒絕的)8.Survived-音標(biāo):/s??va?v/-詳細(xì)釋義:幸存；生存-詞組搭配:survivethelockdown(度過封鎖期)；barelysurvived(勉強(qiáng)生存)-所有派生詞:survivor(n.幸存者)；survival(n.生存；幸存)9.Pursue-音標(biāo):/p?r?sju?/-詳細(xì)釋義:追求；繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；實(shí)施-詞組搭配:pursueacareer(追求職業(yè))；pursueagoal(追求目標(biāo))-所有派生詞:pursuit(n.追求；事業(yè))10.Observed-音標(biāo):/?b?z??rvd/-詳細(xì)釋義:觀察；監(jiān)視-詞組搭配:observedthework(觀察工作)；carefullyobserved(仔細(xì)觀察)-所有派生詞:observer(n.觀察者；觀測者)；observation(n.觀察)11.Remote-音標(biāo):/r??mo?t/-詳細(xì)釋義:遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)程的-詞組搭配:remotelocation(偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū))；remotecontrol(遙控器)-所有派生詞:remotely(adv.遠(yuǎn)程地；遙遠(yuǎn)地)；remoteness(n.偏遠(yuǎn))12.Lockdown-音標(biāo):/?l?kda?n/-詳細(xì)釋義:封鎖；禁閉-詞組搭配:lockdownmeasures(封鎖措施)；imposealockdown(實(shí)施封鎖)-所有派生詞:lockdown(v.封鎖)13.Perfect-音標(biāo):/?p??rf?kt/-詳細(xì)釋義:完美的；無瑕疵的-詞組搭配:perfectfit(完美匹配)；perfectsolution(完美解決方案)-所有派生詞:perfection(n.完美)；perfectly(adv.完美地)14.Opportunity-Opportunity-音標(biāo):/??p??tju?n?ti/-詳細(xì)釋義:機(jī)會(huì)；時(shí)機(jī)；良機(jī)-詞組搭配:seizetheopportunity(抓住機(jī)會(huì))；missanopportunity(錯(cuò)過機(jī)會(huì))-所有派生詞:opportunist(n.機(jī)會(huì)主義者)；opportunistic(adj.機(jī)會(huì)主義的)15.Potential-音標(biāo):/p??t?n??l/-詳細(xì)釋義:潛力；潛在的；可能的-詞組搭配:unlockpotential(釋放潛力)；realizepotential(實(shí)現(xiàn)潛力)-所有派生詞:potentially(adv.潛在地；可能地)；potentiality(n.潛力)任務(wù)二：高級(jí)詞組搭配1.Jumpatthechance(迅速抓住機(jī)會(huì))-Example:WhenProfessorDevoninvitedmetoobservethelab,Ijumpedatthechancetolearnfromherexpertise.-例句翻譯:當(dāng)?shù)挛慕淌谘埼矣^察實(shí)驗(yàn)室時(shí)，我迅速抓住機(jī)會(huì)向她學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)知識(shí)。2.Giveitmyall(全力以赴)-Example:Althoughtheprojectwasn'twhatIinitiallywanted,Idecidedtogiveitmyallandmakethemostoftheopportunity.-例句翻譯:盡管項(xiàng)目不是我最初想要的，但我決定全力以赴，充分利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。3.Setplansinstone(將計(jì)劃定格)-Example:Insteadofsettingplansinstone,Ilearnedtoremainflexibleandadapttonewopportunitiesastheyarose.-例句翻譯:我學(xué)會(huì)了不將計(jì)劃定格，而是保持靈活，隨時(shí)適應(yīng)新的機(jī)會(huì)。4.Keepitfrom(避免)-Example:Ikepttherejectionfromsendingmeintopanicbyfocusingonalternativeopportunitiesandstayingpositive.-例句翻譯:我通過專注于替代機(jī)會(huì)并保持積極的態(tài)度，避免了被拒絕的情緒沖擊。5.Acceptedinto(被接受)-Example:Despitebeingrejectedfromoneprogram,IwasultimatelyacceptedintoanotherthatIwasequallyexcitedabout.-例句翻譯:盡管被一個(gè)項(xiàng)目拒絕，但我最終被另一個(gè)我同樣感興趣的項(xiàng)目所接受。6.Keepfrom(阻止；不讓…)-Example:Ikeptfromdwellingontherejectionbyfocusingontheopportunitiesthatlayahead.-例句翻譯:我通過專注于前方的機(jī)會(huì)，阻止了自己沉湎于被拒絕的情緒中。7.Makethemostof(充分利用)-Example:Insteadofdwellingonwhatcouldhavebeen,IdecidedtomakethemostoftheopportunitiesIwasgiven.-例句翻譯:我決定充分利用我所得到的機(jī)會(huì)，而不是沉湎于可能會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。8.Keepitfromsending(阻止…)-Example:Ikeptitfromsendingmeintopanicbyfocusingonthepositivesandexploringnewpossibilities.-例句翻譯:我通過專注于積極的一面并探索新的可能性，阻止了情緒的恐慌。（C）Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld’smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(犧牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People’shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:“It’scoldthiswinter,soIneedn’tworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.【C篇知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)】1.Short-termism-音標(biāo):/????t?t??m?z?m/-詳細(xì)釋義:短視主義；短期主義-詞組搭配:aprobleminindustrializedsocieties(工業(yè)化社會(huì)中的問題)；significantproblem(重要問題)-所有派生詞:short-term(adj.短期的)；short-termist(n.短視主義者)2.Biodiversity-音標(biāo):/?ba???da??v??s?ti/-詳細(xì)釋義:生物多樣性-詞組搭配:biodiversitycollapse(生物多樣性崩潰)；preservebiodiversity(保護(hù)生物多樣性)-所有派生詞:biodiverse(adj.生物多樣的)；biodiversityloss(生物多樣性損失)3.Characterised-音標(biāo):/?k?r?kt?ra?zd/-詳細(xì)釋義:以…為特征；表現(xiàn)為；被描述為-詞組搭配:characterisedby(以…為特征)；characterisedas(被描述為)-所有派生詞:characterization(n.描述；特征)；characteristic(adj.特有的)4.Bias-音標(biāo):/?ba??s/-詳細(xì)釋義:偏見；傾向；偏心-詞組搭配:biastowards(對…有偏見)；psychologicalbias(心理偏見)-所有派生詞:biased(adj.有偏見的)；unbiased(adj.公正的)5.Sacrifices-音標(biāo):/?s?kr?fa?s?z/-詳細(xì)釋義:犧牲；獻(xiàn)祭；獻(xiàn)出-詞組搭配:makesacrifices(做出犧牲)；smallsacrifices(小犧牲)-所有派生詞:sacrifice(v.犧牲；獻(xiàn)祭)；sacrificial(adj.犧牲的)6.Unwillingness-音標(biāo):/?n?w?l??n?s/-詳細(xì)釋義:不愿意；不情愿-詞組搭配:translateinto(轉(zhuǎn)化為)；tomake(做某事)-所有派生詞:unwilling(adj.不情愿的)；willingness(n.愿意)7.Perspectives-音標(biāo):/p??sp?kt?vz/-詳細(xì)釋義:角度；觀點(diǎn)；透視法-詞組搭配:biasedperspectives(有偏見的觀點(diǎn))；differentperspectives(不同的視角)-所有派生詞:perspective(adj.透視的；透視性的)8.Transformations-音標(biāo):/?tr?nsf??me???nz/-詳細(xì)釋義:變化；轉(zhuǎn)變-詞組搭配:environmentaltransformations(環(huán)境變化)；collectivepoormemory(集體記憶缺失)-所有派生詞:transformational(adj.變革的；轉(zhuǎn)變的)；transformative(adj.變革性的)9.Gradual-音標(biāo):/?gr?d?u?l/-詳細(xì)釋義:逐漸的；漸進(jìn)的-詞組搭配:gradualdecline(逐漸下降)；gradualprocess(逐漸過程)-所有派生詞:gradually(adv.逐漸地)；gradualism(n.漸進(jìn)主義)10.Encounter-音標(biāo):/?n?ka?nt?r/-詳細(xì)釋義:遭遇；邂逅；遇到-詞組搭配:encounteraproblem(遇到問題)；unexpectedencounter(意外的邂逅)-所有派生詞:encountered(v.遭遇)；encounterer(n.遭遇者)11.Surface-音標(biāo):/?s??f?s/-詳細(xì)釋義:表面；水面；外表-詞組搭配:surfaceas(表現(xiàn)為)；tothesurface(浮出水面)-所有派生詞:surfaced(v.浮出水面)；surfacing(n.浮出)12.Hesitancy-音標(biāo):/?h?z?t?nsi/-詳細(xì)釋義:猶豫；躊躇-詞組搭配:people'shesitancy(人們的猶豫)；hesitancytodelay(猶豫推遲)-所有派生詞:hesitant(adj.猶豫的)；hesitate(v.猶豫)13.Dwelling-音標(biāo):/?dw?l??/-詳細(xì)釋義:居??；細(xì)想；沉湎-詞組搭配:dwellingon(沉湎于)；dwellingplace(居住地)-所有派生詞:dweller(n.居民)；dwelling(adj.居住的)14.Popstar-音標(biāo):/p?pstɑ?/-詳細(xì)釋義:流行音樂明星-詞組搭配:attentionthan(比…更受關(guān)注)；farmoreattention(遠(yuǎn)比更多的關(guān)注)-所有派生詞:pop(n.流行音樂)；star(n.明星)15.Aliens-音標(biāo):/?e?li?nz/-詳細(xì)釋義:外星人-詞組搭配:ifaliens(如果外星人)；wantedtoweakenhumanity(想要削弱人類)-所有派生詞:alien(adj.外星的)；alienate(v.使疏遠(yuǎn))任務(wù)二：高級(jí)詞組搭配1.Enteraperiodwhere(進(jìn)入一個(gè)時(shí)期，其中)-Example:ThehistorianarguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhereonlythepresentexists,characterizedbyinstantcrueltyandunendingboredom.-例句翻譯:這位歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為，西方已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)只有現(xiàn)在存在的時(shí)期，以即時(shí)殘酷和無盡乏味為特征。2.Attheexpenseof(以…為代價(jià))-Example:Peopleoftenfocusonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseoftheirfuturewell-being.-例句翻譯:人們經(jīng)常在當(dāng)下專注于聲勢浩大的吸引力，以犧牲未來的幸福為代價(jià)。3.Surfaceas(表現(xiàn)為)-Example:Inbusiness,biastowardsthepresentoftensurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.-例句翻譯:在商業(yè)中，對現(xiàn)在的偏見往往表現(xiàn)為短視的決策。4.Translateinto(轉(zhuǎn)化為)-Example:Theunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrificestodaycantranslateintosignificantproblemstomorrow.-例句翻譯:今天不愿意做出小的犧牲可能會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為明天的重大問題。5.Givetoomuchimportanceto(過分重視)-Example:Peopleoftengivetoomuchimportancetoloudandurgentmatters,neglectinglonger-termtrends.-例句翻譯:人們經(jīng)常過分重視聲勢浩大和緊急的事情，忽視了更長期的趨勢。6.Developaformofcollective(發(fā)展一種集體)-Example:Whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,societycandevelopaformofcollectivepoormemory.-例句翻譯:談到環(huán)境轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)，社會(huì)可能會(huì)發(fā)展出一種集體的記憶缺失。7.Rememberatimewhen(記得一個(gè)時(shí)期)-Example:Olderpeopletodayrememberatimewheninsect-coveredcarwindscreenswerecommonafterlongdrives.-例句翻譯:如今的老年人還記得長途駕駛后汽車擋風(fēng)玻璃上覆蓋著昆蟲的時(shí)候。8.Havenoideathat(不知道)-Example:Childrentodayhavenoideathatinsectpopulationshavedramaticallydeclinedovertheyears.-例句翻譯:如今的孩子們不知道多年來昆蟲種群急劇下降的情況。（D）Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混亂的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行線)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.【D篇總結(jié)】1.fundamental-音標(biāo):/?f?nd??m?nt(?)l/-詳細(xì)釋義:基本的；基礎(chǔ)的-詞組搭配:1.fundamentalprinciples(基本原則)2.fundamentalconcepts(基本概念)-所有派生詞:-fundamentally(adverb.根本上；基本上)2.convincingly-音標(biāo):/k?n?v?ns??li/-詳細(xì)釋義:令人信服地-詞組搭配:1.convincinglyargue(令人信服地辯論)2.convincinglydemonstrate(令人信服地證明)-所有派生詞:-convince(verb.說服；使確信)-convincing(adjective.令人信服的)3.enamored-音標(biāo):