英語二下冊?？季渥优c重點句型

英語（二）串講

第一部分：1-15單元常考句子和重點句型

Unit1?？季渥樱篈decisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.2、Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.3、Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.4、Formanagerseverydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolitics,procedures,laws,precedentsandthelike.5、Forexample,managerssometimestreatproblemsinaneither/orfashion.6、Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbest–thatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.7、Inthelargerschemeofthings,however,increasedfundingforresearchtoimprovetheproductsmightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.8、

Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryformpersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.

Unit2?？季渥樱?、Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.2、

Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.3、SomepeoplethinkthattheStartofBethlehemcouldhavebeenasupernova.4、Ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.5、Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.6、Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthateveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.

Unit3?？季渥樱?、Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.2、VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.3、Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.4、Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.

Unit4重點句子：1、Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain. 2、Ofthese20,000,justunder2,000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.3、Thesadconditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlypublicizedcases.4、AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsformvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.5、SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.6、Becauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfourchildren,sheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.7、Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.

Unit5重點句子：1、Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.2、

Folkmusic,oldandmodern,waspopularamongcollegestudents.3、

Theyfreelytookoverelementsformjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic.4、Withrecordsathome,listenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbesttheycould.Unit6重點句子：

Mostoftoday'srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,wheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.

Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefieldarebeginningtobeseen,althoughtoalesserdegree,inotherindustriesaswell.Therobotsusedinnuclearpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials,preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.Engineersskilledinmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnologyaredevelopingartificialvisionforrobots.Withtheabilityto"see",robotscanidentifyandinspectonespecificclassofobjectsoutofastackofdifferentkindsofmaterials.7.Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.

Unit7重點句子：Peopleinadvancedindustrialsocietiesareincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisure. Theimportancepeopleattachtopaidholidaysandtherapiddevelopmentofservicesformassentertainmentandrecreationaresignsofthisincreasingconcern.Thespecificuseofleisurevariesfromindividualtoindividual.Sinceleisureisbasicallyself-determined,oneisabletotaketoone’sinterestsandpreferencesandgetinvolvedinanactivityinwaysthatwillbringenjoymentandsatisfaction.Basically,suchattitudesamounttoarecognitionthatleisureisanimportantareaoflifeandabeliefthatLeisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.Forexample,thedegreetowhichandthewaysinwhichaschoolencouragesparticipationingames,sportsandculturalpursuitsarelikelytocontributetotheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.Schoolsusuallysetastheireducationalobjectivetheattainmentofabalanceddevelopmentoftheperson.8.Themoreseriouslythisissought,themorelikelypositiveattitudestowardsleisureaswellasacademicworkwillbeencouraged.

Unit8?？季渥樱篢heproblemofJetLagisoneeveryinternationaltravelercomesacrossatsometime.(para.1)Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthebodyareactuallyfarmoredisturbingthanwerealize.(para.2)

HelaterblamedhispoorjudgementonJetLag.(para.3)NowthatweunderstandwhatJetlagis,wecangosomewaytoovercomingit(para.4)Theotherbelongsinourinternalclockswhich,leftalone,wouldtiethebodytoa25hour–yes,25–rhythm.(para.5)Intimethephysiologicalsystemwillresetitself,butitdoestaketime.(para7)Onereasonforthisdiscrepancyisthatdifferentbodilyeventsarecontrolledbydifferentfactors.(para.8)8.Itisnotfeasibletowaitfourdaysuntilthebodyisusedtothenewtimezone.(para.9)

Unit9?？季渥樱篘ationclassifiedas"aged"whentheyhave7percentofmoreoftheirpeopleaged65orabove.(para.1)Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth,theolderitspopulationislikelytobe–atleast,foranyfuturethatconcernsusnow.Theolderyouarenow,ofcourse,thegreaterthisproportionwillbe,andgreaterstillifyouareawoman.4.Ifyouarenowinyourthirties,yououghttobeawarethatyoucanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof60.

Unit10重點句子：Candidatestrytoprojectastrongleadershipimage.(para.4)Whethervotersacceptthisimage,however,dependsmoreonexternalfactorsthanonacandidate’spersonalcharacteristics.(para.4)此句注意主語從句作主語。Ayearlater,withthenation’seconomyintrouble,Bush’sapprovalratingdroppedbelow40percent.Candidatesareparticularlyconcernedwithwinningthestateswhichhavethelargestpopulation.5.Clintonreceivedonly43percentofthepopularvotein1992,comparedwithBush’s38percentandPerot’s19percent.

Unit11常考句子：Theuseofanimalshasbeencentraltothedevelopmentofanaesthetics.(para.2)Animalresearchisirrelevanttoourhealthanditcanoftenproducemisleadingresults.(para.4)Peopleandanimalsaredifferentintheirreactionstodrugsandinthewaytheirbodieswork.(para.4)Itwouldbecompletelyirresponsibleandunethicaltousedrugsonpeoplethathadnotbeenthoroughlytestedonanimals.(para.5)Theeventualaimofcomputermodelingistoreducethenumberofanimalsusedinexperiments.(para.6)Manyothernewtechniquesarenowavailablethatenablemoreresearchtobedoneinthetesttubetoseeifchemicalsproduceharmfulbiologicaleffects.(para.7)Thenumberofanimalsusedinlaboratorytestshasdeclinedoverthelast20years.(para.8)Thisispartlyduetoalternativesandpartlytothefactthatexperimentsarebetterdesignedsofewerneedtobeused.(para.8)ProfessorDavidMortonofthedepartmentisinvolvedinanimalresearchandisconcernedwithreducinganimalsufferingasmuchaspossible.(para.9)Thisincludeskeepingtheminmoresuitablecages.(para.9)include后面接動名詞作賓語。

IntheUS,oneexperimentinnerveregenerationinvolvescuttingabignerveinarat’sleg.involve后面接動名詞作賓語。

Whenitcomestoresearchintoheartdiseaseanditseffectsonthebody,ordiseasesofthebrainforexample,wedonothaveadequatesubstitutesfortheuseofanimals.Whenitcomesto當提到…的時候

Unit12?？季渥樱篿tsdaydreamingwasconsideredacompensatorysubstitutefortherealTherearealwaysthosewhowouldsubstitutefantasylivesfortherewardsofrealactivity.(para.2)Mostpeoplesufferfromalackofdaydreamingratherthananexcessofit.(para.2)Notonlyaretheylessabletodealwiththepressureofday-to-dayexistence,butalsotheirself–controlandself-directionbecomeendangered.(para.2)Butitsbeneficialeffectsgobeyondthis.(para.3)Gobeyond表示“超越...，不僅僅是...”Historically,scientistsandinventorsareonegroupthatseemstotakefulladvantageofrelaxedmoments.(para.7)Takeadvantageof利用Wheneverconfrontedwithataskwhichseemedtoohardtobedealtwith,hewouldstretchoutonhislaboratorysofaandletfantasiesfloodhismind.(para.7)Pictureyourselfaswinningandthatwillcontributeremarkablytosuccess.9.Theimportantthingtorememberistopicturethesedesiredobjectivesasifyouhadalreadyattainedthem.

Unit13?？季渥樱篐ecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing.(para.1)Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakeit.(para.3)Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,coincidewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandamentaljob.4.Sothatitisnaturalforhimtoimaginethatthefewerhourshehastospendlaboring,andthemorehoursheisfreetoplay,thebetter.

Unit14?？季渥樱篒twasamicrocassettefoundinKathleenWeinstein'sshirtpocketthatnotonlyledpolicetoherallegedkillerbutalsorevealedtheNewJerseyteachertobeawomanofextraordinarycourageandcompassion.(para.1)本句是個強調(diào)句，另外注意found的用法。

Itwasthere,policebelieve,thatWeinsteinwasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.(para.2)本句是強調(diào)句。

Weinstein’sbody,withhandsandfeetbound,wasdiscoveredbyahikeronMarch17.(para.4)4.

Butbeforeshediedshesomehowslippedthemicrocassetteintoherpocketwithoutherkillerknowingit.

Unit15?？季渥樱?/p>

Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.(para.2)

Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto–therealityofpaininothers.(para.2)注意本句的倒裝形式。并且注意“connect…to”表示“把…與…連接起來”。

Thereasonthesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom.(para.3)本句中注意“tendency”后面要接動詞不定式作定語。另外“mistake…for”表示“把…錯認為…”。

Forthedangerisnotsomuchthatmanwillbecontrolledbythecomputerasthathemayimitateit.(Para.9)第二部分

難點分析序號題型名稱題量分值來源性質(zhì)1詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)1010書內(nèi)客觀題2完型填空1010書內(nèi)客觀題3閱讀理解3030書內(nèi)客觀題4單詞拼寫1010書內(nèi)客觀題5詞形變化1010書內(nèi)客觀題6漢譯英515書內(nèi)主觀題7英譯漢115書外主觀題

I.

詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)選擇填空題(VocabularyandStructure)

一、題解：顧名思義，“詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)”，那肯定是考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語用法搭配。在本題中，語法題約占一半，它主要考查關聯(lián)詞、介詞和代詞的應用。當然此題中也可能有考查動詞、形容詞和副詞的形態(tài)變化的內(nèi)容，以及詞義選擇方面的內(nèi)容。

二、語法部分考試重點：語法要全面學習重點掌握。不僅要復習下冊的語法內(nèi)容，還要重點復習（上冊）有關語法內(nèi)容。

詞法：主要考查名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞以及動詞的用法：

名詞:主要考查名詞的數(shù)2．

代詞：重點代詞的考查either…or，neither…nor搭配;few,afew,little,alittle的區(qū)別；other,another,theother,others的區(qū)別；other指另外的人或物；others泛指別人，可與some連用；theother指兩個中的另一個，常和one連用；theothers表示其余所有的人或物；another則泛指另一個。Somepupilsarereadingthetextloudly,whileotherstudentsaredoingtheirhomework.Somepupilsarereadingthetextloudly,whileothersaredoingtheirhomework.Mrs.Clarkhastwobeautifulhats.Oneisred,theotherisblue.Thissuitdoesn’tfitme.Wouldyoupleaseshowmeanotherone?3．

數(shù)詞：序數(shù)詞、分數(shù)的表達序數(shù)詞：thefirst,thesecond,thethird,theforth…..分數(shù)：三分之二，twothirds；四分之三，threefourths；onehundred,twohundred(正)，twohundreds(誤)；hundredsof(正)，twohundredsof（誤）。4．

形容詞和副詞：比較級、最高級，以及比較句式少數(shù)形容詞和副詞的變化是不規(guī)則的原級比較級最高級good,wellbetterbestbad,badly,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder,elderoldest,eldest

farther與further都是far的比較級和最高級，但是farther指具體含義的“更遠”，further指抽象含義的“更遠”，有“進一步”的意思。Elder與eldest也是old的比較級和最高級，主要表示兄弟姐妹的長幼關系。比較結(jié)構(gòu)：1).…as+形容詞、副詞原級+as…Thetreeisastallasthebuilding.Heisasbusyasbefore.他還是像以前那樣忙。2)…as+形容詞+(a)+名詞+as…We’llgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan.HewantstobeasgreatascientistasNewton.3)表示倍數(shù)：倍數(shù)+as+原級+asFreshfruitcoststwiceasmuchascannedfruit.新鮮水果的價錢比罐頭水果貴一倍。4)…notas/so+原級+as…I’mnotsoexperiencedasyouthink.Ihaven’tmadeasmuchprogressasIshould.我沒有取得應有的進步。Idon’tsingpopularsongshalfsowellasyou.我唱流行歌曲還沒有你一半好。(not)more/less/fewer…than（不）比…更nomore…than與…同樣不(not)more/less/fewer…than（不）比…更nomore…than與…同樣不

5)比較級+thanThisbedismorecomfortablethantheother.這張床比那張要舒服。Shegoestoschoolearlierthantheotherclassmates.她上學比其他同學都早。注意：比較級前可加表示程度的狀語，如：alittle,abit,slightly,alot,byfar,somewhat等。Thisroomisfar/muchcoolerthanthatone.這間屋子比那間要涼快得多。6)the+形容詞比較級…，the+形容詞比較級表示越…就越…Actually,thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.事實上，他越忙越高興。AccordingtoDr.Krammer,_______peoplewhoappearinyourdreams,______youareonawakening.A.asmany…ashappyB.themore…themorehappyC.themore…thehappierD.themost…thehappiest5．

介詞：主要掌握介詞與某些其他詞的固定搭配關系，考前要重點復習上冊第12單元和下冊第7單元的語法講解和語法練習，書后所附的詞組表也是復習的重點。?？嫉慕樵~搭配如：asto,asfor,substitutefor,layaside,intermsof;resultin,resultfrom,asaresultof,beconcernedabout/beconcernedfor,relyon,liveon,liein,consistof,besatisfiedwith,lookup,inadditionto,regardlessof,despite,inspiteof,contributeto,atleast,intermsof,inaccordancewith,inlinewith,except,exceptfor,dueto,owingto,varyfrom…to,attachto,beirrelevantto,distinguish…from,等等。6．

動詞：主要考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞及情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞+havedone的形式。Youneedn’t______himaboutthissincehecouldfindoutforhimself.A.tell

B.betelling

C.havetold

D.havetotellLotsofemptybeerbottleswerefoundundertheyoungman’sbed;he_____heavily.A.musthavedrunk

B.mustdrink

C.shoulddrink

D.hadtodrink_______theybegantogetdowntobusiness.A.Theholidaysareover

B.TheholidayswereoverC.Theholidaysbeingover

D.Theholidayshadbeenover7．

句法：重點是各種從句以及倒裝句、強調(diào)句的用法?？记耙攸c復習上冊第15、16、17、19、20單元的語法講解例句和語法練習。主語從句：what,that區(qū)別;例如：Itisbecomingincreasinglycleartopolicy–makers_______schoolscannotsolvealltheproblemsofthelargercommunity.thatB.whatC.whenD.who同位語從句：注意一般由that引導，先行詞經(jīng)常為,idea,doubt,thought,fact,belief。Thereisnodoubt_____alargenumberofpeoplehavebenefitedfromheartsurgery.A.whatB.ofC.ifD.thatOntheotherhandconcernisalsogrowingaboutthepossibilityofaneweconomicorder_______resource-richnationsoftheThirdWorldwouldcombinetosethighcommodityprices.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inthatSuchattitudesamounttoabelief____leisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.whichB.ifC.whetherD.that定語從句：引導定語從句的關系代詞和關系副詞；that,which的區(qū)別;介詞+which的用法。Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace____Whichmatterhasfallenand_____whichnothingcanescape.A.towards…towardsB.into…fromC.outof…from D.through…throughAs引導的定語從句Suchpeople______youdescribearerarenowadays.asB.thatC.whoD.which狀語從句：引導各種從句的關連詞。主要是條件狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，原因狀語從句。Inthat的用法：Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesin_____aftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedtodoanotherone.A.whichB.thatC.howD.whetherHisnamewillbecrossedoutfromthelist_____hemakesthesamemistakesagain.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.though倒裝句：倒裝句的幾種形式______whenJohncametoseehim.

A.Nosoonerhadhebeguntowork.

B.Hehadscarcelybeguntowork

C.Hardlyhadhebeguntowork.

D.Justashebegantowork強調(diào)句：注意強調(diào)句的句型。Itwasthere,thepolicebelieve,_______shewasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.A.untilB.whichC.thatD.when

三．詞匯學習要注意用法和固定搭配，特別是各類詞與介詞的搭配。另外，近義詞、形近詞的區(qū)別。動詞與不同介詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語的區(qū)別也是考試的重點。Attheendof1994theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasurestohelp_____domesticworkersfromabusebytheiremployers.A.protectB.suspectC.expectD.inspectThespecificuseofleisure______fromindividualtoindividual.A.rangesB.distinguishesC.variesD.covers______yourselftothejobinhand,andyou’llsoonfinishit.A.ReplyB.ImplyC.ApplyD.SupplyIcan’t______themeaningofthispoembecauseit’stoovague.A.turnoutB.putoutC.figureoutD.lookout

四．本題所用的句子是根據(jù)教材中出現(xiàn)的句子編寫的。其中70％句子選自課文、課文注釋或課文練習，30%選自語法講解部分的例句或語法練習。所以必須將教材學好學通。

II．完型填空題(ClozeTest)

一、題解按考綱規(guī)定，完形填空題的考查重點是語法，包括一致關系、動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)，名詞的數(shù)，代詞，形容詞和副詞的級，連詞，介詞等。從最近的幾次考試看，完形填空題的語法重點仍在連接各種從句的關聯(lián)詞上，除此之外，也有一部分題是考查介詞和代詞的。完形填空的選擇項可能是名詞、動詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞或連詞。

二、應試技巧完形填空是測試考生語篇理解能力和詞匯運用能力的一種綜合手段。做完形填空題，考生必須具有扎實的語法基礎、比較牢固的詞匯基礎以及良好的語感。1．做題步驟1)通覽全篇，分文體，定結(jié)構(gòu)，知大意。做完形填空題，答題的關鍵在于準確理解短文的大意。要做到這一點，就要分清文章的文體與行文結(jié)構(gòu)．本題的短文多為說明文或議論文，結(jié)構(gòu)較緊湊，往往開門見山地提出主題，然后逐點說明或評議，最后小結(jié)。所以做題前應瀏覽全篇，重點是首段、尾段以及每段的首句、尾句。2）初選答案，理脈絡，顧前后，忌戀戰(zhàn)。在掌握文章大意的基礎上，根據(jù)上下文所提供的搭配、結(jié)構(gòu)、語義等線索來初選答案。初選時，要著眼空格所在的完整句子，瞻前顧后，重點解決與結(jié)構(gòu)、搭配有關的小題。對于個別詞匯的考題，如果一時難以抉擇，不要戀戰(zhàn)，而是繼續(xù)往下進行，往往進行到下文，對前邊的問題就會有了主意。3）復讀全文，核答案，句通順，意要暢。題目做完后，要通讀“完形”后的全文，核查自己所選的答案能否使文章連貫，語法正確。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你所選的某個答案放在句中讀起來很別扭，那么你的語感在提醒你對此答案要三思。2．判斷技巧做完形填空題時，在遵循以上三個步驟的同時，還要注意解題思路或技巧。1)搭配判斷法根據(jù)對以往考試的分析，搭配型題目在完形填空題中占的比例最重。搭配型問題主要測試常見搭配的熟練程度，比如說哪些詞要搭配不定式、動名詞或某種從句，哪些詞必須與某個介詞搭配。我們在復習時要特別注意短語動詞和介詞的固定搭配。2）結(jié)構(gòu)判斷法結(jié)構(gòu)型問題主要包括句型、句式、連接詞的選擇等，解題時要運用句法知識，把握關鍵詞，從而做出迅速正確的判斷。完型填空題目中有很多是利用語法的正確性與邏輯的排斥性間的矛盾來設計的。因此考生應結(jié)合上下文的合理性及意義關系的邏輯性選擇最佳答案。完型填空中常考的邏輯關系主要有：A. 轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步：這種關系表明后一種觀點或事實與前一種觀點或事實相比有些出乎意料。常見的表示轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步的詞或詞組有：but,still,yet,however,though,although,nomatter,inspiteof，anyway,evenif,等。B. 因果關系：表原因的連詞或詞組有：because(of),dueto,owingto,thanksto,since,for,as,等。表結(jié)果的詞或詞組有：so,therefore,then,asaresult,inconsequence,consequently,thus,等。C. 表示遞進、補充關系：這種關系表示對前一事實或觀點做進一步闡述。常用的詞、詞組有：moreover,likewise,besides,inaddition,also,too,notonly…butalso,apartfrom,what’smore等。D. 表示對比、比較關系：對比表示觀點或事物間的差異性，比較表明觀點或事物間的同一性。表示對比的詞或詞組有：incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrary,conversely,unlike,oppositely等。表示比較的詞或詞組有：like,incomparison,compare…with,as,justas等。3）詞義判斷法詞匯型問題也是完形填空的一個考點，主要測試考生在段落語篇中把握語義連貫性的能力，提供選擇的詞可能是近義詞、近形詞也可能是隨意拼湊的四個選項遇到這類題，既要聯(lián)系上下文，又要具有扎實的詞匯基礎，有時還須根據(jù)自己的文化背景知識做出判斷。III.閱讀理解題(ReadingComprehension)

一、題解閱讀理解題由三篇短文構(gòu)成。每篇短文的平均長度，為300詞左右，其難度相當于教材后半部分的課文，三篇短文共15個小題,每小題2分，共30分。從最近幾次考試的命題中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀理解題的短文既不是純文學的，也不是純科技性的，而是一般性的社會、文化、經(jīng)濟、科普和日常生活方面的內(nèi)容。對大多數(shù)考生來說，在專業(yè)上沒有不能理解的內(nèi)容，但由于短文大部分取自英文原文，因此在語言上存在一定的難度。閱讀理解題主要測試考生：1，把握文章主題思想和大意的能力；2，對文章中的重要情節(jié)和主要事實的理解程度；3，對文章的格調(diào)、作者的觀點態(tài)度等的推理判斷能力。

二、應試技巧1．兩種方法方法一：先看文章后做題。主要針對簡單易懂的文章，時間又較充裕的情況。方法二：先看題目后讀文章再做題。這種方法在時間緊、文章長的情況下更為實用，這樣可以帶著問題去閱讀，文章中的內(nèi)容與考題有關系時仔細閱讀，與題目無關時，可以置之不理，很快跳過去。還有一些題目涉及一般常識或科普知識，可以在未閱讀文章之前自己先行判斷，在閱讀時只要對自己的判斷進行驗證就可以了。2．三個側(cè)重除了題目本身所要求查找的細節(jié)外，閱讀時一定要注意不要逐字逐句地死摳，而要有所側(cè)重。1)側(cè)重首段、尾段，首句、尾句。因為這些部分往往是作者所要談及的論點、主題或中心思想，抓住了主干，那么細節(jié)問題就會迎刃而解。2)側(cè)重語篇標志詞。語篇標志詞。語篇中句子和句子之間、段落和段落之間就是通過這種詞語連接起來的，把握住這些詞語就等于把握了句與句、段與段之間的關系，對于獲取所需信息、準確答題至關重要。語篇標志詞主要表示：（1）例解:如，forinstance,forexample,（2）列舉(3)比較；(4)轉(zhuǎn)折和對比；(5)原因；(6)結(jié)果；(7)方式手段；(8)時間；(9)地點；(10)目的；（11）分類；（12）補充；（13）強調(diào)；（14）條件；（15）結(jié)論。3)側(cè)重長句、難句。因為英語表達多以冗長著稱，論理性很強的文章更是如此。通過較長的句子來表達復雜的思想內(nèi)容，從而使文章更具有說服力。所以，我們在閱讀時，必須重視長句、難句，認真分析句子，把握關鍵。事實上，不少問題就是針對這些長句、難句而設置的。3．閱讀理解題的題型1)主旨題：這類問題主要測試考生把握主題與中心思想的能力。主要形式有：a.

Themainideaofthispassageis________.b.

Thepassagemainlydiscusses____________.c.

Whatisthepassageprimarilyconcernedabout?d.

Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?e.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?f.

Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe_________.作者的態(tài)度、寫作目的與主題和中心思想關系密切，可以看作主旨題的延伸。主要形式有：問寫作目的：g.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto_______.h.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis_________.問態(tài)度：i.Theauthor’sattitudetowards…is_________.j.Thetoneofthispassagecanbedescribedas___________.2)細節(jié)題：這類問題測試考生把握文章細節(jié)的能力，主要與文中的考點相聯(lián)系，如：最高級、唯一性、其他對比、數(shù)字年代、原因等。主要形式有：是非題：（三正一誤或三誤一正）a.

WhichofthefollowingisTrue?b.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTTrue?c.

WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionedinParagraph…?例證題a.TheauthorgivesanexampleinParagraph..mainlytoshowthat______.其他具體細節(jié)題a.

Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthat….b.

Themainreasonfor…is_________.3)推理題這類題主要測試考生能否在理解字面意義的基礎上，根據(jù)所讀材料進行一定的判斷和推論，進而理解文章的隱含意義和深層意義。主要形式有：Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.b.Thepassageimplies(suggests)that________.c.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.d.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.e.Formthepassagewecaninfer(drawtheconclusion)that_________.4)詞義題這類問題主要測試考生使用詞語搭配和根據(jù)上下文判斷詞義的能力。主要形式有：a.Theword“…”inline(Paragragh)..mostprobablymeans______.b.Inparagraph…,theword“…”refersto(standsfor)_______.c.Theword“…”inParagraph…canbebestreplacedby________.詞匯題考查的詞匯主要是熟詞僻義或生詞4.猜字的幾種技巧在閱讀過程中，經(jīng)常會遇到一些生詞、難詞，考試中又不允許查字典，這就需要利用猜字的技巧了。通過構(gòu)詞法推測詞義是最常用的方法之一，下面重點介紹如何通過上下文線索來猜測詞義。1)利用詞根、詞綴構(gòu)詞法2)直接定義作者在行文中有時不得不使用某些難詞、偏詞，為使讀者理解，作者常常會在文章中直接解釋該詞語。作者或通過同位語，或使用定語從句加以闡明，或用冒號、破折號、括號給出，或用語篇標志詞引出，這類語篇標志詞有：thatis(tosay);e．g．；or，inotherwords；toputitinanotherway等。例如：Sheisbilingual．Inotherwords，shespeaksEnglishandFrenchequallywell.（bilingual：會說兩種語言的）。3)近義復述同一短文中前后兩個句子、短語或單詞通常有互釋作用，可以從上下文的復述中獲取與某一單詞或短語相關的信息以猜測詞義。例如：Itisdifficulttolistallofmyfather'sattributesbecausehehassomanydifferenttalentsandabilities(attribute：特質(zhì)；才能).4)對比和并列表達利用上下文中的對比或并列表達猜測詞義是最常用、最可靠的方法。有不少句子會在上下文中給出某個生詞（尤其是偏詞、難詞）的同義詞或反義詞，運用對比或并列表達對這些生詞加以提示。通過了解詞與詞之間的連接關系，特別是一些語篇標志詞，如：however；ontheotherhand；nevertheless等，我們不難推斷這些生詞的詞義。如：Ifyouagree，write"yes"；ifyoudissent，write"no".(dissent：不同意)。5)根據(jù)常識有些生詞看似很難，但根據(jù)語境，根據(jù)讀者的經(jīng)歷或常識，很容易猜出詞義。如果所讀的材料是考生熟悉的內(nèi)容或在自己專業(yè)知識范圍內(nèi)，生詞就更易化解了。其實，猜詞的方法并不限于以上這些，大家在閱讀中要多動腦筋，善于總結(jié)，還能總結(jié)出一些更適合白己的技巧和方法來。

IV．單詞漢譯英(WordSpelling)

一、題解本題共10分，一共20個單詞，每個單詞0.5分，填錯（或少寫、漏寫）字母不給分。本題主要考察書中出現(xiàn)的常用詞。

二、應試技巧熟練掌握單詞拼寫是英語學習的基本功。為幫助同學們做好這道題，特提復習建議如下：1．熟練掌握構(gòu)詞法。通過掌握構(gòu)詞法，可以減輕記憶的負擔，增強記憶的效果；要通過構(gòu)詞法的知識來分析每個生詞的構(gòu)成，可以加深印象，溫故知新。2.單詞學習以理解為基礎。既要掌握單詞拼寫，又要了解詞義、詞性。最重要的是結(jié)合課文和典型的例句來學習，加強對生詞的理解和記憶。3.記憶單詞要日積月累。學完一課，要掌握一課的單詞。同時，根據(jù)遺忘規(guī)律，及時鞏固、復習學過的單詞，保持長久的記憶。

V.詞形變化填空題(wordForm)一、題解這個題型主要考查動詞的形態(tài)變化，也就是說，根據(jù)句子的實際情況將動詞的原形變?yōu)檫m當?shù)男问?。還包括少量的試題考查形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級的形式變化，尤為重要的是幾個不規(guī)則變化的形容詞和副詞。還可能考查名詞和代詞的詞形變化，名詞主要考查變復數(shù)的規(guī)則、不規(guī)則變化；代詞有人稱、性、數(shù)和格的變化，如何變化，要看代詞所代替的名詞的性質(zhì)及該代詞在句中擔任的成分而定。

二、應試技巧1．熟練掌握動詞詞形變化規(guī)律。注意：動詞形式既包括謂語動詞的各種形式，如時態(tài)、語態(tài)及語氣(直陳、虛擬)等，虛擬語氣為重點，幾年來的考題中都有這方面內(nèi)容；也包括非謂語動詞的各種形式。所以做動詞的詞形變化時，首先要搞清楚它在句中是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，然后再作相應的變化。2.認真學好并熟悉課文。本題所選用的句子是根據(jù)教材中出現(xiàn)的句子編寫的，其中多數(shù)來自課文，所以熟悉教材十分重要。3.認真鉆研相關的語法講解：主要指謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞比較等級、情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣、形容詞比較級、最高級等部分。動詞：動詞是考試的重點。主要包括：動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞。1)動詞的時態(tài)：重點是動詞的過去時、完成時Seeingviolenceonetelevisionorreadingaboutitinthenewspaperseveryday______(make)ustoleratecrimemorethanweshould.Theyusedto______(work)twelveorfourteenhoursadayatthattime.Somepeoplethinkrelationsbetweenpeople_______(deteriorate)somuchthatunderstandingandfriendshiparealmostimpossible.(02\10havedeteriorated)Nearlyaweekpassedbeforethegirlwasabletoexplainwhat_______(happen)toher.(02\10hadhappened)Someproverbs______(be)inthelanguagefor1,000years,forexample,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Inthepasttwodecades,research______(expand)ourknowledgeaboutsleepanddreams.(hasexpanded)2)動詞的語態(tài)：主要掌握各個時態(tài)的被動式Thenationsthat_______actively________(involve)inearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,Russia,andtheUnitedStates.(areinvolved)3)動詞的語氣：A.掌握非真實條件句中，謂語動詞在主句和條件句中的虛擬語氣形式。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,you______(notmiss)thefirstactoftheplay.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,we_____(be)inrealtrouble.B.在表示建議、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“緊迫性”等含義的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，由“動詞原形”或“should+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。Iwouldrecommendthatyou_______(think)aboutdoingsomethingsimilarforyourself.Theydemandedthattherighttovote______(give)toeveryadultperson.C.動詞wish、wouldrather(sooner)、ifonly、asif后的虛擬語氣。Iwouldratherhe_____(buy)thehousenextyear.ShetreatsmeasifI______(be)astranger.Themanagertoldustobefriendlytothevisitorsasifwe_____(meet)thembefore.hadmetIfonlywe______(have)aphone!I’mtiredofwaitingoutsidethepublicphonebox.D.incase,forfearthat,lest等詞后從句的謂語動詞為(should)+原形。Hetookhisumbrellawithhimlestit_______rain.E.在Itis(high)timethat從句中謂語動詞為過去時。It’shightimethatwe_______(take)firmmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.F.時間錯綜條件句。4)動詞的非謂語動詞形式：A.動詞不定式：主要考查動詞不定式作定語、賓語、賓語補足語等的用法。還要注意動詞不定式的被動式與完成式。不定式作定語：Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision______(make)不定式作賓語：Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginning________(see).(tobeseen)Ithasbeenprovedthattheirbestideasseem_____(occur)whentheywererelaxing.不定式作賓補：Theywereoftencompelled______(work)twelveorfourteenhoursaday.B.分詞：主要考查分詞作定語、狀語、賓語補足語的用法。注意現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別。另外，還有現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式與完成式的形式。分詞作定語：Anyone______(want)tounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.Asresearchtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,thenumberofanimals_____(use)inexperimentsmaydecrease.Anorganizationisagroupofpeople,andadecision______(make)todaymayhaveconsequencesfarintothefuture.分詞作狀語：When______(present)withacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionproblems.________(tell)thatsomeguestswerecoming,sheshoppedallmorninginthesupermarket.(havingbeentold).Herbody,withhandsandfeet_______(bind),wasdiscoveredbyatravelerearlyinthemorning.(bound)分詞做賓補：Theymayhavetheirpassports______(remove),makingleavingor“escaping”actuallyimpossible.動名詞作賓語：Ifyoucannotunderstand,ask:“Wouldyoumind______(rephrase)thequestion,please?”Ifwedon’tstartoutnow,wemustrisk______(miss)thetrain.形容詞副詞：Themoretimeyouwaste,the_____(easy)itistocontinuewastingtime.(Easier)Weknowthatwearegettingevenolder,andthatthenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth,the______itspopulationislikelytobe.The______(far)awaywegetfromtheearth,thethinnertheairbecomes.AsJanewasthe_____(old),shelookedaftertheotherchildreninthefamily.(eldest)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：Theexplorers