2024北京朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)試題及答案

北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三年級(jí)第二學(xué)期質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一英語(yǔ)2024.4（考試時(shí)間90分鐘!滿分100分）本試卷共10頁(yè)?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。!"#$%&'()*+,-.30$/%第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Itwashardnottonoticean8-year-oldkidstorminginandoutofhisownhouse.“HehaveasaidhisDunn.“Icanprobablydosomethingforhim.”Thatsomethingwasfishing,a1fatherhadsharedwithhim.“Itbroughtmepeaceandtaughtmehowtobepatient,”hesaid.Hethentookthekidfishingeveryweekend.Graduallyhetookgroupsofkidsouttofish.Mosthavefatherfigures.“They’dbeenthroughalot,andtheirliveswere2,”saidDunn.“Butwhentheywerefishing,allofthatdisappeared.Ontheboat,themoment.”bythisscene,DunnstartedthenonprofitaKidFishing.Heandthevolunteershavethey’dbelaughingandmakingnewfriends.Theyjust34introduced2,500kids—mostwithoutfathersexcitementofcatchingafish.Justasimportantasthefishingarethe5—tothecalmingpeacefoundonthewaterandthe6Dunnformswiththosekids.Whentheyhavearoughtime,Dunnwilltalkwiththem,emphasizingself-respectandmental7.Oneofthekids,BellaSmith,saidshewouldaboutthepastwhilefishingandconcentrateonsomethingpositive.“Fishingislearning,”shesaid.“I’velearnedIdown,Iknowtimetogofishing.”8abetterlifethanwhatIhad.WheneverIfeelfatherpassedawaythissofishinghas9newmeaningforhim.“IhaveastrongerlikingforitbecausenowI’mfatherlesstoo.nothinglikefeelingthatfirstpullonthelineandseeingakidlightupwithasmile,”saidDunn.“Ifeel10towitnessthateveryweekend.”1.A.caseB.passionC.dutyD.goal2.A.difficult3.A.remembered4.A.Entertained5.A.nearbyB.dramaticB.regrettedB.ShockedB.aroundC.adventurousC.recordedC.InspiredC.aheadD.boringD.appreciatedD.ConfusedD.throughoutD.opinionsD.defenseD.secure6.A.identities7.A.toughness8.A.requireB.agreementsB.dependenceB.deserveC.relationshipsC.sharpnessC.lead9.A.leftbehind10.A.curiousB.turnedintoB.nervousC.carriedoutC.luckyD.takenonD.hesitant高三英語(yǔ)試卷第1頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AZhaoChuangisascienceartistworkinginBeijing,paintingandsculpturingancientextinctspecies.Zhaoreproduceseachelementdescribedinpapersonthehistoryoflifeinanartisticandthe12(blank)inscientificresearcharefilledbyhislogicandimagination.Hispaintingofaprehistoricflyinganimalbecamethecoverofimportantjobbridgesscienceandartbyscientificjournalin2006,ahighlightinhiscareer13ascienceartist.BHarbin,increasingnumberoftouristsrushedtothe“IceCityofChina”toexperiencethebestoficeandsnowculture.Besidesthefrostydelights,thecitystillhasmuchmore15allyeararound,includingitstraditionalEuropean-stylearchitecture,uniquecuisineandculturalevents.The14(know)foritsiceandsnowfestivals,becameverypopularlastAnindividualattractionsmake16amust-seespotnomattertheCTheArmy兵馬俑)wasfoundin1974nearXi’an.Itisformedofmorethan8,000sculptures,which17(bury)alongsidetheemperorQinShiHuangmorethan2,200yearsago.researchershaverecreatedtheshoesofonesoldierandanalysisofthem18(suggest)thatshoeswornbytheterracottasculpturesweresurprisinglyflexibleandslipresistant.Iftherecreatedshoes19(true)reflecttherealones,theycanhelpbuildabetterpictureof20Qindynastysoldiersworeandhowthismighthaveaidedtheminbattles.%!0#$%1234*+,-.38$/%第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AYou’veracedtothesupermarketonlytorealiseyou’velefttheshoppinglisthome.Youneedtomemorisewhichgroceriestopickupbeforeyouforget.Thankfully,there’samemoryaidthat’sperfectforthejob:thepeg-wordmethod.高三英語(yǔ)試卷第2頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）Whatisthepeg-wordmethod?Itemploysasetofpre-determinedwords,regardedaspegwords,fortheto-be-rememberedinformation.Pegwordsactasastructuretohelpyourememberparticularitems.Essentially,you’rehanginginformationyouneedtorecallonthesepegs,whichallowsittoberecalledquicklyandeasily.Initially,tousethismethod,youwillhavetorememberthepegwordsaswellasthenumbers:one=buntwo=shoethree=treeeight=gatefour=doornine=vinefive=hiveten=hensix=sticksseven=heavenThenextstepistocreateassociationsbetweentheinformationyouneedtorememberandtheitemlinkedwiththecorrespondingnumber.Ifthefirstitem,forinstance,ismilk,thenyouneedtovisualisethemilkandabun(小圓面包)together.Themoreunusualyoucanmakeyourimage,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.Inthiscase,youcouldimagineabundrinkingaglassofmilk.Whyisituseful?Asthecaseshows,itismostusefulwhenitcomestorememberinglistsandyoucanrecallthelisteditemseasilyinorder.Anotherwaytousethismemoryaidistomemoriseimportantnumbers,likephonenumbersordates.Forinstance,youneedtorememberthatWilliamShakespearewasbornintheyear1564.First,changethatnumbertobun-hive-sticks-door.Thenimagineastorytohelpyouremembertheseries:WilliamShakespeareputabuninabeehivetocoatitinhoney,buthedidn’tlikehowstickyitbecamesohethrewitatadoor.Thepeg-wordmethodhasbeenwildlyrecognizedasahelpfulmemoryaid.Formoreinformation,pleasevisit.21.Howcanweapplythepeg-wordmethodtorecallanitem?A.Listoutdifferentmeaningsoftheitem.B.Visualisetheitemandmemorizeitsimage.C.Choosetheitem’spegwordandrememberit.D.Createavisuallinkbetweentheitemanditspegword.22.Whatisthebestwaytorememberthenumber347withthepegwordsinthetable?A.Ahendrinksfromabottleofwine.B.Aloadofeggsgrowlikefruitonatree.C.Atreegrowsthroughthedoortoheaven.D.Anappleshootsoutofabunandhitsthedoor.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Tointroduceahelpfulmemorytool.B.Toadvertiseabraintrainingprogram.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofpegwords.D.Toanalyzethenecessityoftrainingmemory.高三英語(yǔ)試卷第3頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）BMybirthwasalittlemoredramaticthanthestandardwayababyenterstheworld.Iwasbornmissingmylefthand.Indeed,mylimb(手臂)differencecouldhavebeenadisasterifithadn’tbeenforwhathappenednext.Anurseplacedmeinmymother’sarmsandinstructed,“Youwilltakeherhome.Youwillloveherandtreatherasnormal.”Thatisexactlywhathappened.Iplayedsports,actedintheater,excelledinschoolandhadplaydateswithfriends.WhileIdidgetsomestaresand“polite”questionsaboutmydisability,IwasluckybecauseIwasn’tmadefunofforit.However,thatfactthatIwasdifferenthitmehardmyfirstdayofhighschool.Iwas13,anagewhenkidsarealreadyveryself-consciousandtheneedtofitinisintensified.Irememberoneoftheotherkidsontheschoolbusstaredjustalittletoolongatmyleftarm.Ifeltasuddenurgetohidemyhand,soIslippeditintomypocket.ItoldmyselfthatI’djusthideitthatoneday,whileIwastryingtomakefriends.Butonedayofhidingturnedintoaweek,amonth,andyears—25ofthemtobeexact.WhenIwas38yearsold,tiredofhidingandlonely,Imetsomeonespecialandinvitedhimin.ThecombinationofmefinallyfeelingreadytounhideandhiswillingnesstogothroughtheunhidingprocesswithmewasexactlywhatIneeded.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iallowedsomeonetoreallyholdmylimb,lookatit,touchit,loveit—loveme.Isawmylimbdifferenceassomethinguniqueaboutme,somethingthatshouldbeshown,nothidden.Itwasatransformationalexperience,andIlearnedtolovemetoo.ItchangedhowIlivedmyentirelifeandmademehappier.IalsodiscoveredandjoinedtheLuckyFinProject,anorganisationdevotedtopeoplewithalltypesofdisabilities.Hidingthings,especiallyfromlovedones,istiringandlonely,anditpreventsusfromgettinghelpandsupport.It’stimetochangethat.24.Whatwasthechildhoodlike?A.Shehadnosocialinteractionswithfriends.B.ShewasraisedwithcareandtreatedC.Shefacedsomechallengesinschoolactivities.D.Shewasupsetabouttheattentiontoherdifference.25.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenshewas13yearsold?A.ShebegantoignoreherB.Sheprejudicefromsomekids.C.Shestartedhidingherselfawayfromfriends.D.Shebecamesensitiveduetoherself-awareness.26.Howdidtheauthorchangewhenshestoppedhiding?A.Shestartedtoopenupandbeherself.B.ShemetsomeonewhocuredherC.Shewasfedupwiththecompanyofothers.D.Shereducedinvolvementinthedisabilitygroup.高三英語(yǔ)試卷第4頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）27．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.MisfortuneisagoodB.Disabilityisnotabarriertosuccess.C.Self-acceptancecanleadtoself-love.D.Nothingbeatsthefeelingofbeingloved.CThestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareashotterthanruralones.These“urbanheatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,andsubwaytracksandothersubsurfaceinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothesurroundingearth.AnewstudyofdowntownChicagoshowsundergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatgivetheheatinthefirstplace.anyonerealizingit,thecityofdowntownwasdeforming,”saysstudyauthorRottaLoria,anenvironmentalHumanstheonlypotentially“Foralotofthingsinthesubsurface,kindof‘outofsight,outofmind,’”saysGrantageologist.Buttheundergroundworldisfullofcreaturesthathaveadaptedtosubsurfaceexistencesuchasinsectsandsnails.Asthetemperaturerisesbecauseofclimatechangeandundergroundurbandevelopment,scientistsarekeepingeyesonthepotentialimplicationsforundergroundecosystems.Butthequestionofhowundergroundhotspotscouldinfrastructurehasgoneunstudied.Becausematerialsexpandandcontractwithtemperaturechange,Rottasuspectedthatheatcomingfromundergroundcouldbecontributingtowearandtearonvariousstructures.understandhowundergroundtemperaturedifferencehasthephysicalproperties,heusedacomputermodeltosimulate(模擬)theundergroundenvironmentfromthe1950stonow—andthento2050.Hefoundthatbythemiddleofthissomeareasmayliftupwardbyasmuchas0.50inchorsettlebyasmuchas0.32inch,dependingonthesoilmakeupoftheareainvolved.Thoughthesemaysoundlikesmalldisplacements,Rottasaystheycouldcausecracksinthefoundationsofsomebuildings,causingbuildingstofall.Kathrinageoscientistinsaysthesedisplacementpredictionsarefarbeyondherguessesandcouldbelinkedtothesoft,clay-heavysoils.“Claymaterialisparticularlysensitive,”shesays,“Itwouldbeabigissueinallcitiesworldwidethatarebuiltonsuchmaterial.”Likeclimatechangeabovethesurface,undergroundchangesoccur“Thesetookdecadestodevelop,”says,addingthatincreasedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipateontheirown.couldbasicallyturneverythingandgoingtoremainthere,thetemperaturesignal,forquiteawhile.”Butsaysthiswastedheatcouldalsobereused,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveoncosts.Still,thisassumptioncouldfailasabovegroundclimatechangecontinuestoboostundergroundwarming.Howeverthisheatwillgatherbeneathourfeet.likeclimatechange,”RottaLoriasays.“Maybeweseeitalways,buthappening.”高三英語(yǔ)試卷第5頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）28.TheauthorquotesRottaLoriainParagraph2mainlyto______.A.makeapredictionB.highlightafindingD.raiseanassumptionC.drawaconclusion29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.“Urbanheatislands”extendundergroundtospareecosystems.B.Surfaceclimatechangecontributestothereuseofundergroundheat.C.Undergroundtemperaturesmirrorthephysicalcharacteristics.D.Buildingsmaycollapseasapotentialconsequenceofundergroundheat.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipate”inParagraph6probablymean?A.B.C.Develop.D.31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.UndergroundclimatechangeisasilentB.Humansfailtonoticethedramaticclimatechange.C.Coolingthesubsurfacehelpscontrolurbanheatrises.D.Researchingundergroundheathelpssaveoncosts.DHavewereachedthepeakoftheculturewar?Lookingatmysocialmediafeeds,itseemsthatpolarisedthinkingandmisinformationhaveneverbeenmorecommon.HowamIsupposedtofeelwhenusersIonceadmirednowdrawonquestionableevidencetosupporttheirbeliefs?Perhapsitistimeforusalltoadoptalittle“existentialhumility”.IcameacrossthisideainapaperbyGreenatfromCommonUniversityandhiscolleagues.Theybuildonadecadeofresearchexaminingthebenefitsof“intellectualhumility”moregenerally—ourabilitytorecognisetheerrorsinourjudgementandremainawareofthelimitsofourknowledge.cangetaflavourofthisresearchbyratingyouragreementwiththefollowingstatements,rangingfrom1(notatalllikeme)to5(verylikeme):Iquestionmyownopinionsbecausetheycouldbewrong;Irecognisethevalueinopinionsthataredifferentfrommyown;inthefaceofconflictingevidence,Iamopentochangingmyopinions.Peoplewhoscorehighlyonthisassessmentarelesslikelytoformknee-jerkreactionsonatopic,andtheyfinditeasiertoconsiderthestrengthsorweaknessesofalogicalargument.Theyarelesslikelytobeinfluencedbymisinformation,sincetheytendtoreadthearticleinfull,investigatethesourcesofanewsstoryandcompareitsreportingtootherstatements,beforecomingtoastrongconclusionaboutitstruth.Developing“intellectualhumility”wouldbeanexcellentideainallfields,butcertainsituationsmaymakeitparticularlydifficulttoachieve.Greenatpointsoutthatsomebeliefsaresocentraltoouridentitythatanychallengecanactivateanexistentialcrisis,asifourwholeworldviewandmeaninginlifeareunderthreat.Asaresult,webecomemoreinsistentinouropinionsandseekanywaytoprotectthem.Thismayreducesomeofourfeelingsofbutitcomesatthecostofmoreanalyticalthinking.高三英語(yǔ)試卷第6頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）Forthesereasons,Greenatdefines“existentialhumility”asthecapacitytoentertainthethoughtofanotherworldviewwithoutbecomingsodefensiveandclosed-minded.Sohowcouldweachieveit?Thiswillbethesubjectoffutureresearch,buttheemotionofawe(afeelingofgreatrespectandadmiration)mayoneOnestudyfoundthatwatchingawe-inspiringvideosaboutspaceandtheuniverseledtohumblerthinking,includingagreatercapacitytoadmitweaknesses.Perhapswecouldallbenefitfrominterruptingourdespairwithawe-inspiringcontent.Attheveryleast,wecantrytoquestionourpreconceptionsbeforeourviewsonsocialmediaandbealittlelessreadytocriticizewhenothersdisagree.32.Regardingtheculturewaronsocialmedia,theauthoris______.A.embarrassedB.concernedC.panickedD.stressed33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ExistentialhumilityreducesthethreattoB.Peoplewithintellectualhumilitytendtojumptoconclusions.C.couldpromoteexistentialhumilitybyencouragingmodestthinking.D.Thehigheryouscoreontheassessment,themoreyousticktoyourvalues.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.OvercomeanExistentialCrisisC.ThePathtoScreeningInformationB.ShowaLittleHumilityD.TheApproachtoAchievingHumility第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inmostadults,learningandthinkingbegintodeclineasearlyasage30.Peoplestarttoperformslightlyworseintestsofcognitiveabilitiessuchastherateatwhichsomeonedoesamentaltask.35Thesechangesareoftenconsiderednormalaging.Buttheymayinsteadrepresentsomethingmorelikethe“summerslide”thatsomeschoolchildrenexperienceinacademicprogressduringsummerbreak.Recentresearchsuggeststhatapauseoflearningisindeedaproblemcausingcognitivereduction.36Inathree-monthintervention,theresearchersprovidedanencouraginglearningenvironmentfor24olderadults.Theytookatleastthreeclassestolearnthreenewskills.Theyalsodiscussedissuesrelatedtolearningbarriersandmotivation.Overthecoursetheseparticipants’cognitivescoresformemoryandflexibilitysignificantlyimproved.Inafollow-uptheresearchersdiscoveredamazinglythattheyhadimprovedfurther:37Inotherwords,givingtheseseniorsamulticourseroutineseemedtobringuptheirabilitiestolevelssimilartothoseofcollegestudents.高三英語(yǔ)試卷第7頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）Theresearchersarestillinvestigatingwhycognitivescorescontinuedtoclimbaftertheend,butonepossibilityisthattheexperienceencouragedtheseolderparticipantstocontinuelearningandpracticingnewskills.Olderadultsareoftenassumedtobeonadownwardslidewithunrecoverableloss.“Useitorloseit,”thesayinggoes.38Decline,aswesooftenseeit,maynotbecertain.whyweneedtocreateenrichedlearningenvironmentsforadultsaftertheirformaleducationandjobtrainingend.39Educatorsknowhowtoeducatechildrenandadolescents,andwecanadaptthatknowledgetodeveloplearningopportunitiesforadults.Societiescouldalsoprovideresourcesandpathstowardlifelonglearningtoensurethateveryonecanbenefit.shifttheconversationaboutadultsfromavoidinglossanddeclinetolearningandgrowing.A.Butthisdeclinecanbeaddressed.B.Theslidebecomessharperintheirmid-60s.C.Interruptedlearningmaynotonlychildren.D.Thequestionnowishowsocietycanmaximizechancestokeeplearning.E.Theircognitiveabilitiesafteroneyearwereclosetothoseofadults50yearsF.Olderadultresearchtendstoemphasizeskilllearningonlyafterdailyfunctionsstarttodecline.G.theresearchsuggeststheycanincreasebothskillsandcognitiveabilitiesoveralongterm.!5#$%6789*+,-.32$/%第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Gesturesrefertothecommunicationwherevisiblebodilyactionsareusedtocommunicateimportantmessages.Theyincludemovementofhands,face,orotherpartsoftheGesturesbenefitourlivesalot.languagelearning.Insomelanguages,certainsyllables(音節(jié))withinwordsarepronouncedwithmarkedlymoreweightthanothers,calledlexicalstress.LanguagessuchasEnglishcommonlyfeaturelexicalstress.Forexample,theword“accent”involvesmoreemphasisonthefirstsyllable,“ac”,thanthesecond,“cent”.NativespeakersofChinese,uselexicalstressandthereforefinditdifficulttolearnlanguagesthatfeatureit.Makinganyhandgesturecouldhelplearnersrecognizelexicalstress,whichhasbeenprovedbyXingteam.Theyselected124nativeChinesespeakers,whowatchedvideosofpeopleperforminghandmovementsthatweresynced(同步的)torecordingsofthesameEnglishwords.Inaddition,theyalsofoundwhenmorepronouncedgesturesmatchedthestressedsyllable,theparticipantswereparticularlygoodatidentifyingit.高三英語(yǔ)試卷第8頁(yè)（共9頁(yè)）Theresearchinvolvedseveralexperiments,whichmakesitdifficulttocombinetheresults.Nevertheless,estimatesthattheuseofgestureshelpedidentifylexicalstressbetween10and15percentmoreaccuratelycomparedwithnogesturesatall,andhowmuchhelpdependsonthenatureofgestures.Afollow-upstudyconductedbyanotherteamexposedthesameChinesespeakerstoRussianwordsandgotsimilarresults.“Ourfindingshighlightthefunctionalroleofgesturesinenhancingspeechlearning,suggestingpracticalstrategiesforlanguageteachingandlearning,”theresearcherswriteintheirThebenefitsofgesturesextendfarbeyondteachingandlearning.Sincegesturesaredeeplyintegratedintoourdailylives,theydeservemoreofourattention.40.Whatdogesturesmean?41.WhatdidXingteamfindintheirstudy?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain?Gestureshelplearnlexicalstress,butthedegreetowhichtheyhelpdependsonthecomplexityofthelexicalstress.43.Besideswhatismentionedinthepassage,howdogesturesbenefityouinyourlife?(Inabout40words)第二節(jié)（20分）16Jim請(qǐng)你用英文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動(dòng)目的；2.活動(dòng)安排。:;<1．=>100?@A2．BCDEFGHI.JKLM=>N提示詞：全國(guó)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)日—NationalDisasterPreventionandReductionDayDearJim,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________