考點(diǎn)謂語動(dòng)詞省公開課一等獎(jiǎng)全國示范課微課金獎(jiǎng)

考點(diǎn)6:謂語動(dòng)詞1/62真題再練在以下各句空白處填入所給詞正確形式，并說明理由。1.(卷I·61)ItwasraininglightlywhenI_________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.由主句謂語動(dòng)詞“wasraining”和后句謂語動(dòng)詞“didn’tcare”可知，arrive應(yīng)用普通過去時(shí)。句意是“當(dāng)我們在天亮前抵達(dá)陽朔時(shí)，正在下著小雨”。arrived2/622.(卷I·67)Yangshuo_____(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.指當(dāng)前狀態(tài)或客觀存在狀態(tài)，用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)，下句謂語動(dòng)詞names是普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也有提醒作用；主語Yangshuo是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is。is3/623.(卷II·68)Atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle_____(go)dayafterday.Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.因上句謂語動(dòng)詞“warmup”與下句中謂語動(dòng)詞“warmup”和“cooloff”都是普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故此處go也用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)才能保持時(shí)態(tài)一致；主語Thiscycle是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填goes。goes4/624.(卷I·61)In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It____(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.指1969年情況，用普通過去時(shí)，上下句謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(was,could)也提醒我們用普通過去時(shí)，指當(dāng)初無法想象；又因主語It是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was。was5/625.(卷II·45)Aboyonabike________(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.在句中作謂語，考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)；aboy與catch是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又由語境(如wasriding)可知用普通過去時(shí)，故填caught。caught6/626.(樣卷·1)Mum:(puttingonhercoat)I’mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan:Why?Mum:I’mnotsurewhat_________(happen).ImadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetablewhenIwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey’regone.在賓語從句中，what是主語，happen應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞，故要考慮其時(shí)態(tài)；從下文made,left,went,musthavetaken(一定已拿走)等可知，用普通過去時(shí)。happened7/627.(樣卷·9)Alan:(openingthefridgedoor)Well,itwasn’tme.ButMum,look!Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfofthefridge?Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I____________(put)themtherewhenthephonerang.從語境中可知，意思是“我一定是在電話鈴響時(shí)把它們放進(jìn)那里了”，對過去情況推測，表示“一定已經(jīng)”，用“musthavedone”。(注：像此題這么需要考生依據(jù)上下文語氣增加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞且用完成式這種復(fù)雜形式，在高考語法填空中考查可能性極小)musthaveput8/62思緒點(diǎn)撥當(dāng)句中缺乏謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，括號中動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等四個(gè)方面。1.時(shí)態(tài)確定時(shí)態(tài)四條依據(jù)：(1)依據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致?？瓷舷挛闹^語動(dòng)詞是什么時(shí)態(tài)(過去/現(xiàn)在/未來)，空格要填動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)普通應(yīng)與上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致。這是高考語法填空中確定時(shí)態(tài)最主要依據(jù)(如上述真題3和4)但需注意：客觀事實(shí)或真理可能時(shí)態(tài)不一致；直接引語時(shí)態(tài)會(huì)與引號外時(shí)態(tài)不一致。9/62(2)依據(jù)并列謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致。如：(廣東卷)Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she_____(fall)overthehillanddied.

解析：由anddied可知，與之并列fall也用普通過去時(shí)，故填fell。fell10/62(3)依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語。如recently,sofar,uptonow,uptothepresent,inthepastfewyears常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；bytheendof,since1980,forthreeyears常與完成時(shí)連用。(4)依據(jù)固定句式。請熟讀以下句式并體會(huì)句中時(shí)態(tài)。ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavespokentoaforeigner.這是我第二次同外國人講話。11/62ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadspokentoaforeigner.這是我第二次同外國人講話。HardlyhadIgotonthebuswhenitstartedtomove.我一上公交車，就開動(dòng)了。Ihadnosoonerlaindownthanthetelephonerang.我剛躺下，電話鈴就響了。12/62Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenshesuddenlywalkedin.我正在做作業(yè)，突然她走了進(jìn)來。Iwasabouttodomyhomeworkwhenshesuddenlywalkedin.我正要做作業(yè)，突然她走了進(jìn)來。Iwasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthephonerang.我正要出去，電話響了。13/622.語態(tài)主語是謂語動(dòng)詞執(zhí)行者，即謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是謂語動(dòng)詞承受者，即謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：14/62(廣東卷)…butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We__________(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek…解析：句中tell(告訴)后沒有sb.(人)作賓語，由tellsb.sth.這一句型可知，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又由上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知，用普通過去時(shí)；主語是we，組成被動(dòng)語態(tài)be用were，故填weretold。weretold15/623.語氣是否用虛擬語氣，主要由一些特殊詞或句式來決定，詳見考點(diǎn)歸納。如：(廣東卷)Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,wearingsunglasses.Hewalkedinasifhe_____________(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.hadbought16/62解析：因buy在主格人稱代詞he后,顯然是作謂語;又由語境可知，他不是真買下了這個(gè)學(xué)校,只是他走進(jìn)來時(shí)那種氣勢好像是買下了這所學(xué)校一樣，故應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，與過去事實(shí)相反，故填hadbought。17/624.主謂一致普通來說，主語是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。以上［真題再練］第2,3,4題都包括主謂一致。又如：(廣東卷)Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_______(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.解析：句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，result應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞；“急于求成，往往會(huì)事與愿違”是客觀真理，應(yīng)該用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)；動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填results。results18/62考點(diǎn)歸納謂語動(dòng)詞包括時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等四個(gè)考點(diǎn)。以下重點(diǎn)提醒其中兩個(gè)。1.時(shí)態(tài)盡管課標(biāo)或考綱中列出了10種時(shí)態(tài)，但近兩年全國卷和九年廣東卷高考真題只考查了普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)和普通過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)。19/62現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)組成(以do為例) 過去時(shí)態(tài)組成(以do為例) 注意改變普通未來時(shí)willdo過去未來時(shí)woulddowill→would普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does普經(jīng)過去時(shí)diddo/does→did盡管如此，以下8種時(shí)態(tài)基本使用方法和組成還是應(yīng)掌握：20/62現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)組成(以do為例)過去時(shí)態(tài)組成(以do為例)注意改變現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoingam/is/are→was/were現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone過去完成時(shí)haddonehave/has→had21/622.語氣掌握以下兩類八條。類別編號詳細(xì)情況(爛記于心)經(jīng)典例句(熟讀背誦)過去式1if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句IfIwereyou,Ishouldtakemytime.假如我是你，我就不著急。2without,butfor,otherwise等引出含蓄虛擬條件ButforyourhelpIwouldhavefallenintheexam.要不是有你幫助，我這次考試就過不了關(guān)。22/62類別編號詳細(xì)情況(爛記于心)經(jīng)典例句(熟讀背誦)過去式3wish后賓語從句IwishIhadahouseinGuangzhou,butIcan’taffordone.我多希望在廣州有房，可是我買不起。4ifonly后句子IfonlyIwererich.要是我很富有，多好呀！23/62類別編號詳細(xì)情況(爛記于心)經(jīng)典例句(熟讀背誦)過去式5wouldrather后句子I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidthat.我真希望你沒有那樣說過。6asif/though后句子(可能用)Mr.Li,myEnglishteacher,treatsmeasifIwerehisownson.英語老師李老師像對待他兒子般對待我。24/62(should+)動(dòng)詞原形1(10個(gè)詞)一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持(insist)”Iinsistthatshe(should)cometomorrow.我堅(jiān)持要求她明天來。二個(gè)“命令(order,command)”Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedimmediately.他發(fā)出指示要馬上開始工作。25/62(should+)動(dòng)詞原形1(10個(gè)詞)三個(gè)“提議(advise,suggest,recommend)”Irecommendedthathe(should)seealawyer.我曾提議他去咨詢律師。四個(gè)“要求(ask,request,require,demand)”Sheaskedthatshe(should)bekeptinformedofdevelopments.她要求通知進(jìn)展情況。26/62(should+)動(dòng)詞原形2Itisnecessary/natural/important/strangethat…Itisnecessarythathecometotheoffice.他有必要到辦公室來。

27/62考點(diǎn)練透1.(廣東卷)Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat________(leave).介詞with后應(yīng)是賓語從句，連接代詞what=themilkthat，意為“(除了用于換其它食物牛奶后)剩下牛奶”；因what與leave(剩下)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；上下文都是過去時(shí)，也用普通過去時(shí)；what作主語，用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填wasleft。wasleft28/622.(廣東卷)Suddenly,he______(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNickcalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt…”在主格人稱代詞he后，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句之前，find應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞；由下文called可判斷find用普通過去時(shí)，故填found。found29/623.(廣東卷)Inoticedamansittingatthefront.He____________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.在主語He后，pretend顯然是謂語動(dòng)詞；givingit(thetiger)avoice主語應(yīng)該是He,所以，andgiving與謂語動(dòng)詞是并列關(guān)系；由此推斷,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),故填waspretending。waspretending30/624.(廣東卷)Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman___________(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink…動(dòng)詞present(贈(zèng)予)在主語theyoungman后，應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞；由語境及上下文謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可知，用普通過去時(shí)，故填presented。presented31/625.(廣東卷)…peoplesteppedonyourfeetor________(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.因主語people與push是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；又由并列連詞or可知，push與stepped應(yīng)為并列謂語，時(shí)態(tài)要一致；stepped是普通過去時(shí)，push也應(yīng)是普通過去時(shí)，故填pushed。pushed32/626.(廣東卷)“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_______________(inform).因inform在主語Jane后作謂語，Jane與inform是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又是普通過去時(shí)，所以用普通過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填wasinformed。wasinformed33/627.(廣東卷)IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar______(break)downneararemotevillage.在when后分句中，mycar是主語，其后break應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；由全文可知，這是敘述過去經(jīng)歷，應(yīng)用普通過去時(shí)；再說was/weredoing…when…did…是一個(gè)固定句型，when后面句子謂語用普通過去時(shí)，表示“正在做某事，就在這個(gè)時(shí)候突然發(fā)生了另外一事”，故填broke。broke34/628.Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,______(look)ateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.由andbe可知與之并列be是原形，由此可想到look也用原形，是祈使句句型。look35/629.Inthelastfewyears,China__________(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.由Inthelastfewyears可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。10.I__________(hear)nothingfromhimuptonow.由uptonow可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。hasmadehaveheard36/6211.Hewasabouttotellmethesecretwhensomeone______(pat)himontheshoulder.由was/wereabouttodosth.whensb.did固定句型可知,when后句子用普通過去時(shí)。12.He____________(think)abouttheproblemwhenanapplefelltotheground.由was/weredoingsth.whensb.did固定句型可知。pattedwasthinking37/6213.Thisisthefirsttimethatourwholeclass__________(go)outtogetherforapicnic.在This/Itisthefirsttimethat…句型中，that后謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。havegone38/6214.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone_____________(interrupt)methatevening.在It/Thiswasthesecondtime(that)…句型中，that從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。hadinterrupted39/6215.Hardlyhadthegamebegunwhenit________(start)raining.由Hardly…when…句型可知，前面多用過去完成時(shí)，when后謂語動(dòng)詞慣用普通過去時(shí)。started40/6216.Itisreportedthataspacestation__________(build)onthemooninyearstocome.因aspacestation與build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又由“inyearstocome(未來幾年內(nèi))”可知用未來時(shí)，所以，用普通未來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道,一個(gè)空間站將在未來幾年內(nèi)在月球上建成。builtwillbe

41/6217.Asyougothroughthisbook,you__________(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.句中as引導(dǎo)是時(shí)間狀語從句,從句中用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替普通未來時(shí),所以主句需用普通未來時(shí)。句意：當(dāng)你讀這本書時(shí),你就會(huì)發(fā)覺那些經(jīng)歷過第二次世界大戰(zhàn)數(shù)百萬人中每一個(gè)人都有不一樣經(jīng)歷。findwill42/6218.Whatevershe_____(say)willnotmakeanydifferencetoourarrangements.句意：不論她說什么都不會(huì)對我們安排有影響。says43/6219.Therealreasonwhyprices_____(be),andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.依據(jù)空格后面andstillare(而且現(xiàn)在依然是)判斷,前面是指物價(jià)過去情況,應(yīng)用普通過去時(shí)。句意：物價(jià)過去很高,現(xiàn)在依然居高不下,其真正原因是復(fù)雜,不是兩三句話能圓滿解釋。were44/6220.IfonlyI_____________(listen)tomyparentsatthattime!Butit’stoolatenow.因ifonly(希望，要是……就好了)與wish意義和使用方法相同，后面句子要用虛擬語氣，由atthattime可知是與過去事實(shí)相反情況，故用過去完成時(shí)，填hadlistened。hadlistened45/6221.IfonlyI________(can)playthepianoaswellasLangLang.因ifonly后面句子要用虛擬語氣，由句意可知是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反情況，故用普通過去時(shí)，表示能力can過去時(shí)形式是could。could46/6222.IwishI_________(fly)freelyintheskylikeabird.因wish后賓語從句用虛擬語氣，從句意來看，是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反情況，“像鳥一樣在藍(lán)天翱翔”應(yīng)是強(qiáng)調(diào)具備這種能力，故填couldfly(能飛)。couldfly47/6223.Butforyourhelpwe_______________(be)late.由butfor(假如沒有，要不是)可知要用虛擬語氣，由句意可知是與過去事實(shí)相反情況，故填wouldhavebeen。wouldhavebeen48/6224.TheGadflyinsistedthatthework_________________(finish)bythemiddleofJune.句中insisted作“堅(jiān)持/果斷要求”，其后賓語從句謂語用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”；又因“工作”與“完成”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填(should)befinished。

(should)befinished49/6225.Heinsistedthathe_____(be)notill,butthedoctorinsistedthathe______________(take)themedicine.第一個(gè)insisted意為“堅(jiān)持說，果斷認(rèn)為(是怎么回事)”，其賓語從句謂語不用虛擬語氣，故填was；第二個(gè)insisted意為“堅(jiān)持要求(要/該做某事)”，其賓語從句謂語要用虛擬語氣，故填(should)take。was(should)take50/6226.Iorderedthatthegate_________________(lock).因order(命令，指示)后賓語從句謂語要用虛擬語氣，且thegate與lock是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填(should)belocked。(should)belocked51/6227.Alightedsigncommandedthatseatbelts___________________(fasten).由commanded可知，其后賓語從句謂語要用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形，又因seatbelts(安全帶)與fasten(系)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填(should)befastened。(should)befastened52/6228.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe____(be)illandhermothersuggestedshe___________(see)adoctor.因第一個(gè)suggest意為“顯示，表明(=show)”,其后賓語從句不用虛擬語氣,故填was；第二個(gè)suggest意為“提議”,其后賓語從句謂語要用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形，故填(should)see。

was(should)see53/6229.Theyadvisethatapassport_______________(carry)withyouatalltimes.因advise后從句謂語要用(should+)動(dòng)語原形，且apassport(護(hù)照)與carry(攜帶)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填(should)becarried。

(should)be

carried54/6230.Sherequestedthatno