湖南師范大學(xué)心理學(xué)專業(yè)外語題庫及答案

Chapter1(答案DDCACADBCA\FTFFTFFTTF)

1)Psychologyisbestdefinedasthescientificstudyof

A)themindandconsciousness.

B)thementalprocessesofindividuals.

C)mentaldisordersandabnormal(反常的)behavior.

D)thebehaviorofindividuals(個(gè)另lj的)andtheirmentalprocesses.

2)Thefirsttaskinpsychologyistomakeaccurateobservations(觀察)aboutbehavior.This

meansthatpsychologistsmustfirstbehavior.

A)predictB)explainC)controlD)describe

3)Whendrawingconclusions(結(jié)論)aboutbehavior,psychologistsrelyon

A)theirownpersonalbeliefs.B)whatisknownas"commonsense(常識(shí))

C)objectivelycollectedinformation.D)theireverydayobservationsofpeople.

4)Inordertoinvestigatebehavior,researchersmayusedifferentlevelsofanalysis.Whichofthe

followingresearchquestionsexemplifies(例子)thebroadest,mostgloballevelofanalysis?

A)Whataretheoriginsofprejudice?

B)Aretheregenderdifferencesinprejudice?

C)Aretheredifferencesinhowvariousracialgroupsexpressprejudice?

D)Whatistheroleofearlychildhoodexperiencesintheformationofprejudice?

5)In1908,HermannEbbinghaus(艾賓浩斯)wrotethat"Psychologyhasalongpast,butonlya

shorthistory.*'Whichstatementbestcaptures(描述)theideathatEbbinghauswasexpressing

(表達(dá))？

A）Psychologists,likephilosophers,havedifficultylearningfromtheirmistakes.

B）Questionsabouthumannaturehaveexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavethemethods

necessarytoanswerthembeendeveloped.

C）Thefieldofpsychologyhasexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavescholarsbegunto

recordtheaccomplishments（造詣）oftheprofession.

D）Althoughpsychologistshavebeendoinglaboratoryresearchforhundredsofyears,littleof

substance（實(shí)質(zhì)）hasbeendiscoveredabouthumannature.

6）Whichstatementmostcloselycharacterizes（是..的特征）thecurrent（流行）viewofmost

psychologiststowardthestudyofbehavior?A

A）Psychologistsborrowandblendfrom（混合）differentperspectives（觀點(diǎn)）.

B）Psychologiststendtoagreethatthemostproductiveapproachisthebiologicalperspective.

C）Psychologiststaketheapproachthatcomplexbehaviorcanbereducedtopatternsofsimple

behavior.

D）Althoughpsychologistsdifferintheirbasicapproach,allagreeonthequestionstobeasked

andhowtheyshouldbestudied.

7)Apsychologistwhoexplainsarapist's(強(qiáng)奸behaviorintermsoftherapistsdisplaced

hostility(敵意)towardhismotherismostlikelytopreferthe_Dperspective.

A)cognitiveB)humanistic(人本主義)C)evolutionaryD)psychodynamic(精神動(dòng)力)

8)PsychologistswhotakethebehavioristapproachseektoB

A)illustrate角呈釋theinnate天生的品質(zhì)goodnessofhumans.

B)understandhowenvironmentalstimuli(束！)激)controlbehavior.

C)validatetheimportanceofthoughtprocessesinhumanbehavior.

D)demonstratetheimportanceofunresolvedconflictsandinnerforces.

9)Ateacherwantstoseewhethersmilingatchildreniftheyraisetheirhandswhensheasksa

questionincreasesthelikelihood(可能性)thatchildrenwillvolunteeranswers.Fromthe

behavioristperspective,theantecedentenvironmentalconditionisandtheconsequence

is.C

A)smiling;raisingofhandB)raisingofhand;smiling

C)askingaquestion;smilingD)raisingofhand;askingaquestion

10)ThehumanisticperspectiveinpsychologygivesgreaterweightandimportancetoA

A)thecapacityofhumanstomakechoices.

B)breakingdowncomplexbehaviorintoelementaryunitsofbehavior.

C)howenvironmentalforcescometocontroltheindividuaFsbehavior.

D)thepowerfulinstinctualtendenciesthatdominatepeople'sactions.

IITrueorFalseFTFFTFFTTF

1）Psychologistsaretrainedtodescribebehaviorfromtheirownsubjective（主觀的）pointof

view,makingsuretoincludetheirownbiases（偏見）andexpectationsintheirobservations.

2）Withrespecttothegoalsofpsychology,descriptionsmuststicktoperceivable（可知覺的）

information,whereas（但是）explanationsdeliberately（謹(jǐn)，慎的）gobeyondwhatcanbe

observed.

3）Psychologistsbelievethatbehaviorshouldonlybestudiedinacontrolledresearchlaboratory.

4）In1879,B.F.Skinnerfoundedthefirstformallaboratorydevotedtoexperimentalpsychology.

5）InFreud's（弗洛伊德）view,humannatureisnotalwaysrational（理智的）,andbehaviormay

bedrivenbymotives（動(dòng)機(jī)）thatarenotinconsciousawareness.

6）Accordingtothehumanisticperspective,peoplearedrivenbypowerful,instinctive（本能）

forces,manipulatedbytheirenvironments,andareincapableofmakingchoicesanddecisions

concerningtheirlives.

7）Intheviewofpsychologistswhofollowthecognitiveperspective,behavioriscompletely

determined（堅(jiān)定的）byprecedingenvironmentaleventsandpastbehavioralconsequences.

8）Simplystated,theideabehindnaturalselectionisthatorganisms（有機(jī)體）thatarebetter

suitedtotheirenvironmentstendtoproduceoffspring（后代）moresuccessfullythanthose

organismswithpooreradaptations.

9）Brainimagingtechniques（腦成像技術(shù)）haveledtodramaticbreakthroughsinthefieldof

cognitiveneuroscience（神經(jīng)科學(xué)）.

10）Clinicalpsychologistsapplytheinsightsofresearchers,butarenottrainedtodoresearch

themselves.

Chapter2

1）Inwhatwaysaretheoriesandhypotheses（月意測J）interrelated?

A）Hypothesesaremoreimportantthantheories.

B）Theoriesaremoreimportantthanhypotheses.

C）Whenahypothesisderivedfromatheoryisnotvalidated,thetheorymustbemodified.

D)Theoriesarenotoffundamentalimportanceingeneratingnewhypotheses,exceptwhena

theoryhasbeenproven.

Answer:C

2)Whenpsychologicalresearchersarereadytoputtheirhypothesestothetest,theyrelyon

A)intuition.B)thescientificmethod.

C)commonsense.D)subjectivejudgments.

Answer:B

3)Thereisajokeamongscientistsaboutaresearcherwhotellsothersthathebelongstoasecret

scientificsociety,wherenoonebuttheresearcherwilleverknowaboutthestudiesmembersare

doing.Thisjokeishumorousbecauseitviolates(違反)theprinciple(原貝I1)of

A)determinism.B)controlgroups.C)open-mindedness.D)publicverifiability.

Answer:D

4)Aresearchassistantwhoisworkinginapsychologistslaboratorylearnstheimportanceof

keepingcompleterecordsofobservationsanddataanalyses.Suchprocedures(程序)are

followedinorderto

A)increaseobjectivity.(增大客觀性)

B)increasesubjectivity.

C)increaseobserverbias.

D)preventotherresearchersfromreplicatingastudy.

Answer:A

5)An''observerbias'*is

A)an"educatedguess"aboutwhatwillhappen.

B)thedirectresultofthecontextofdiscovery.

C)thedirectresultofthecontextofjustification.

D)anerrorduetopersonalmotivesandexpectations.

Answer:D

6)Ifaresearcherdefinesvariables(變量)orconditionsintermsofthespecific(明確的)

proceduresusedtodeterminetheirpresence,heorsheisusinga(n)definition.

A)biasedB)confoundedC)operationalD)hypothetical

Answer:C

7)Aplaceboeffect(安慰劑效應(yīng))occurswhen

A)anexperimenterfindswhatheorsheexpectedtodiscover.

B)participantshavenotbeenrandomlyassignedtoexperimentalandcontrolconditions.

C)participantschangetheirbehaviorbecauseoftheirbeliefthatatreatmenthasaneffect.

D)bothparticipantsandexperimentalassistantsareunawareofwhichparticipantsgetwhich

treatment.

Answer:C

8)Whenneitherresearchparticipantsnorresearchassistantsareawareofwhichparticipants

receivewhichtreatment,researchershaveemployeda

A)placebocontrol.B)between-subjectsdesign.

C)single-blindcontroltechnique.D)double-blindcontroltechnique.(雙盲控制技術(shù))

Answer:D

9)Whenplanningastudy,youdeterminethatoftheonehundredparticipants,fiftywillhavetobe

randomly(隨便的)assignedtotheexperimentalconditionandtheotherfiftytothecontrol

condition.Thetypeofexperimentaldesignyouareusingisknownasadesign.

A)placebocontrolB)single-subjectC)within-subjectsD)between-subjects

Answer:D

10)Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjects(被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì))experimentaldesign?

A)Itisatypeofbetween-subjectsdesign.

B)Therearenocomparisonconditionsinthisdesign.

C)Therearetwoexperimentalgroupsandonecontrolgroup.

D)Eachparticipantservesinallconditionsoftheexperiment.

Answer:D

11)Aresearcherisinterestedintherelationshipbetweenbraindamageandtheabilityofhumans

toplantheirbehavior.Whichtypeofresearchdesignwouldbemostappropriate(合適的)forthe

researchertouse?

A)placebocontrolB)experimentalC)correlational(相關(guān))D)within-subjects

Answer:C

12)Imaginethatyourinstructorasksyoutodeterminewhetherthereisarelationshipbetween

musicalabilityandmathematicalability.Thetypeofdesignbestsuitedtothistaskwouldbea(n)

A)experiment.B)casestudy.

C)correlationalstudy(相關(guān)研究).D)naturalisticobservation.

Answer:C

13)Withrespecttopsychologicalmeasurement,whendataareconsistentordependabletheyare

referredtoas,whereasthetermmeansthattheinformationthatisproduced

accuratelymeasuresthevariableorqualitythatitisintendedtomeasure.

A)valid;reliableB)reliable(信度);valid(效度)

C)consistent;reliableD)reliableorvalid;consistent

Answer:B

14)Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjectsexperimentaldesign?

A)Itisatypeofbetween-subjectsdesign.

B)Therearenocomparisonconditionsinthisdesign.

C)Therearetwoexperimentalgroupsandonecontrolgroup.

D)Eachparticipantservesinallconditionsoftheexperiment.

Answer:D

15)Ateacheristryingtoseewhethersmilingatherstudentswillincreasethenumberofquestions

theyask.Inthefirstandthirdweekofthestudy,thenumberofquestionsstudentsaskisrecorded.

Inthesecondweek,theteachersmilesalotatherstudents,andthenumberofquestionsisalso

recorded.Whattypeofresearchdesignisbeingused?

A)within-subjectsB)correlationalC)placebocontrol(l.安慰齊ij控制法)D)between-subjects

Answer:A

16)Aresearcherwhoisinterestedindocumentingtherelationshipbetweeninternal(內(nèi)部的)

psychologicalstatessuchasaperson'smotivationtosucceedandhisorherfeelingsof

self-confidencewouldmostlikelyusea________measure.

A)behavioralB)self-report(自我報(bào)告)

C)physiologicalD)naturalisticobservational

Answer:B

17)Supposeanelementaryschoolteacherisinterestedinmeasuringtheamountoftimeayoung

studentinherclassisworkingproductively(有效果的)versuschattingwithclassmates.Itwould

bemostappropriatefortheteachertousea

A)questionnaire.(問卷法)B)behavioralmeasure.

C)aself-reportmeasure.D)aface-to-faceinterview.

Answer:B

18)Supposeyouwereinterestedinthekindsofmoviesyourfriendsliketowatch.Youdevelopa

simplequestionnairethatasksthemabouttheirattitudestowarddifferentfilmgenres(風(fēng)格)and

thenyoualsorecordwhichfilmstheyactuallyattend.Themeasurementtechniqueyouareusingis

bestdescribedas

A)self-reportmeasures.

B)behavioralobservations.

C)naturalisticobservations.

D)acombinationofself-reportandbehavioralobservations.

Answer:D

19)AclinicalpsychologistisworkingwiththeFederalBureauofInvestigation(l.(美國)聯(lián)邦調(diào)

查局)(FBI)todevelopanunderstandingofserialkillers.Shedecidestofocusherattentionand

measurementsonaparticularlybrutalmurdererwhoisservingalifesentence.Herapproachis

referredtoasa

A)casestudy.B)representativesample.

C)within-subjectsdesign.D)naturalisticobservation.

Answer:A

20)Imaginethatyouhaveagreedtoparticipateinpsychologicalresearch.Prior(先驗(yàn)的)tothe

study,youwillbegiveninformationaboutwhatyoucanexpectandotherdetailsoftheresearch,

andaskedtosignaformindicating(指示)yourwillingnesstoparticipate.Thisprocessisknown

as

A）debriefing.B）informedconsent.（知情同意）

C）risk/gainassessment.D）intentionaldeception.

Answer:B

IITrueorFalse

1）Atheoryisdefinedasanorganizedsetofconcepts（概念）thatexplainsaphenomenonorset

ofphenomena.

Answer:TRUE

2）Inordertominimize（.把…減至最低數(shù)量［程度Dthepotential（潛在的）forbias,researchers

mustbecertainthatnovariableinanexperimentisoperationallydefined.（不可能做至lj）

Answer:FALSE

3）Inanexperiment,researchersmanipulate（熟練操作）thedependentvariable（因變量）and

measuretheindependentvariable.

Answer:FALSE

4）Adouble-blindcontrolisanexperimentaltechniqueinwhichbiasedexpectationsare

eliminatedbyonlytellingtheexperimentalassistantswhichparticipantshavereceivedwhich

treatment.

Answer:FALSE

5）Inawithin-subjectsresearchdesign,differentgroupsofparticipantsarerandomly（隨便的）

assignedtoexperimentalconditionsortocontrolconditions.

Answer:FALSE

6）Theentire（全部）setofindividualstowhichgeneralizationswillbemadebasedonan

experimentalsampleiscalledthepopulation（總體）.

Answer:TRUE

7）Theprimarypurposeofusingcorrelationalmethodsistoestablishcauseandeffect

relationships.（因果研究才是）

Answer:FALSE

8）Iftwovariablesarecompletelyunrelatedtoeachother,theywillyieldacorrelationcoefficient

（系數(shù)）ofzero.

Answer:TRUE

9)Questionnairesandsurveysareexamplesofself-reportmeasures.

Answer:TRUE

Chapter3

1)1)Natureistonurture(教養(yǎng))asheredity(遺傳)isto

A)evolution.B)aggression.C)environment.D)naturalselection.

Answer:C

2)Aprisonerisviolentandhostile,althoughhewasn'talwaysthisway.Histherapistbelievesthat

theenvironmenttheprisonerwasraisedinbroughtabouthisaggressivetendencies.Thetherapist

(咨詢師)isespousingtheviewthatbehaviorisprimarilyinfluencedby

A)nature.B)biology.C)nurture.D)heredity.

Answer:C

3)Inevolutionaryterms,anindividual'ssuccessismeasuredbythe

A)amountofterritoryonecontrols.B)degreeofcomfortanindividualattains.

C)numberofoffspringanindividualproduces.D)levelofintelligenceanindividualacquires.

Answer:C

4)Membersofaspecieswhopossestherangeofphysicalandpsychologicalattributesbest

adaptedtotheenvironmentaremostlikelytosurvive.Thisconceptisknownas

A)naturalselection.B)genotypicalstructure.

C)phenotypicalstructure.D)survivalofthefittest.

Answer:D

5)Asyouenterthecrowdedroom,youcatchaglimpseofyourfriend'sdarkhairandslimframe.

Whatyouarenoticingmostdirectlyareaspectsofyourfriend's

A)genotype.B)phenotype。.表現(xiàn)型).

C)adaptations.D)selectiveadvantage.

Answer:B

6)Inthevocabularyofevolutionarytheory,youhaveinheritedfromyourparents.

A)agenotypeB)aphenotype

C)abehavioralrepertoryD)youroutwardappearance

Answer:A

7)Youarehastily(1.匆忙地，倉促地)jottingnotesforaquizonbasicgenetics.Luckily,afriend

noticesthatyouhaveincorrectlywrittenthat

A)DNAcontains46chromosomes(l.【醫(yī)】同原染色體).

B)genesarelocatedonchromosomes.

C)DNAislocatedinthenucleusofeachcell.

D)DNAcontainsinstructionsfortheproductionofproteins.

Answer:A

8)Sexchromosomes

A)contain23pairsofgenes.

B)areidenticalformalesandfemales.

C)bringabouttheunionofaspermandanegg.

D)codethedevelopmentofmaleorfemalephysicalcharacteristics.

Answer:D

9)Inthehumanmale,thesexchromosomesnormallyconsistofa(n)pair;inthehuman

femaletheyconsistofa(n)pair.

A)XY;XXB)XX;XXC)YY;XXD)XX;YY

Answer:A

10)ThegoaloftheHumanGenomeProject。.【醫(yī)】基因組(測序)計(jì)劃)isto

A)identifyallofthehumangenes.

B)verifyDarwin*stheoryofnaturalselection.

C)showresearchsupportforthemajoreventsinhumanevolution.

D)buildhuman-likerobotsorcyborgs.

Answer:A

11)Agirlhastwoolderbrothersandastepsister。.(繼父與其前妻或繼母與其前夫所生的)姐姐;

妹妹).Youcanbestguessthat

A)herbrotherswillbegeneticallyidentical.

B)shehastheexactsamegeneticmakeupasherbrothers.

C)shehasabout50%ofhergenesincommonwithherbrothers.

D)geneticallyshewillbemorelikeherstepsisterthanlikeherbrothers.

Answer:C

12)Imaginetravelingbackintimetotheseventeenthcentury.AFrenchphilosopherbythename

ofDescartes。.笛卡爾(法國哲學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家,1596-1650))hasproposedtheradicalideathat

A)allanimalshavespirits.

B)thehumanbodyisan''animalmachine**.

C)humansarenomoreintelligentthananimals.

D)humanactioncannotbeunderstoodbyusingscientificmeans.

Answer:B

13)Broca'sareainthebrainismostcloselyassociatedwith

A)memory.B)emotion.

C)language.D)physicalmovement.

Answer:C

14)Thenervous。.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)systemissubdividedintotwomajordivisions:Whatarethey?

A)somaticandautonomicB)peripheralandsomatic

C)centralandperipheralD)sympatheticandparasympathetic

Answer:C

15)Youareworkingwithafriendtodevelopflashcardstohelpyouwithyourstudyofbrain

structuresandtheirfunctions.Yourfriendrememberscorrectlythattheisinvolved

primarilyinautonomicprocessessuchasheartrateandbreathing,andyourememberthatthe

isinvolvedinmotivation,emotionandmemoryprocesses.

A）cerebmm（l.4￥＞大腦）;cerebralcortex（l.大腦皮層）B）brainstem（l.腦干）;limbicsystem（l.

（大腦）邊緣系統(tǒng)）

C）limbicsystem;brainstemD）cerebralcortex;brainstem

Answer:B

16）Thelimbicsystemincludesthe

A）medulla（l.（拉丁語）骨髓），hippocampus（2.海馬回）andpons.B）hypothalamus,cerebrum（l.<

解,大腦）andcerebellum。.小腦）.

C）hypothalamus,hippocampusandamygdala。.［角翠］扁相K體）.D）reticularformation,amygdala

andthalamus.

Answer:C

17）Researchonsplit-brainpatients（裂月盲人）hassuggestedthat,whencomparedtotheright

hemisphere。.半球）,thelefthemispherehasaHstyle"thatismore

A）global.B）holistic.C）analytical.D）insightful.

Answer:C

18)Inthebrain,theservesasarelaystation。.中繼站)betweentheendocrinesystem(1.

內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng))andthecentralnervoussystem。.中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)).

A)thalamus(l.丘月齒)B)hippocampusC)hypothalamusD)cerebralcortex

Answer:C

IITrueorFalse

1)Yourobservablecharacteristicsareknownasyourgenotype.

Answer:FALSE

2)DNAisorganizedintounitscalledgenes.

Answer:TRUE

3)Thehumangenomecontainsaboutfourmilliongenes.

Answer:FALSE

4)Broca*sareaofthebrainismostcloselyassociatedwithemotionalbehavior.

Answer:FALSE

5)Theperipheralnervoussystem。.周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))consistsofthebrain,spinalcord,andcranial

nerves(l.顱神經(jīng);月齒神經(jīng))thatconnectthebody*ssensoryreceptorstothecentralnervoussystem.

Answer:FALSE

6)Theamygdalaisthepartofthelimbicsystemthatcontrolsemotion,aggression,andthe

formationofemotionalmemory.

Answer:TRUE

7)Inmales,thetestessecretetestosterone,whichstimulatesproductionofspermandmayincrease

aggressionandsexualdesire.

Answer:TRUE

8）Interneurons（中間神經(jīng)元）areoneclassofneurons.

Answer:TRUE

9）Theall-or-nonelawstatesthatthesizeoftheactionpotential。.電位）isunaffectedbyincreases

intheintensityofstimulationbeyondthethresholdlevel（閾值）.

Answer:TRUE

10）Duringtheabsoluterefractoryperiod。.絕對(duì)不應(yīng)期），furtherstimulation,nomatterhow

intense,cannotcauseanotheractionpotentialtobegenerated.

Answer:TRUE

Chapter4

1）Signaldetectiontheory。.信號(hào)檢測理論）suggeststhatdifferencesinabsolutethresholds

betweendifferentpeoplereflect

A）signalstrength.

B)sensoryprocesses.

C)humanjudgment.

D)absolutethresholds.

Answer:C

2)Thevisualcortexislocatedwithinthe

A)cerebellum.

B)parietallobe.

C)frontallobe.

D)occipitallobe(l.枕葉).

Answer:D

3)Theofsoundallowsustodistinguishaguitarnotefromasaxophonenote.

A)timbre(l.音色涪品)

B)kinesthetics

C)harmonics

D)auditorydiffusion

Answer:A

4)Theprocessofisresponsiblefortheconversionofphysicalenergytoneural

impulses.

A)transduction(l.換能).

B)plasticity.

C)absolutethreshold.

D)psychophysics.

Answer:A

5)Nerveimpulsesthatcarryinformationtravelalongtospecializedprocessingareasin

thebrain.

A)vestibularcanals

B)nerveendings

C)sensorypathways(感覺通路)

D)olfactoryepithelium

Answer:C

6)Loudnessisdeterminedbysound

A)pitch.

B)quality.

C)amplitude(振幅).

D)frequency.

Answer:C

7)Theeyeshavetwodistincttypesofphotoreceptors。.光感受器，感光器)：therods,whichwhich

detect,andthecones(l.(人眼)圓錐細(xì)胞)，whichdetect.

A)lowintensitylight;wavelengthscorrespondingtocolors

B)motion;shape

C)brightlight;dimlight

D)stimuliinconsciousness;unconsciousstimuli

Answer:A

8)Whichonereferstotheleastamountofstimulationthatyourperceptualsystem(感知系統(tǒng))

candetectabouthalfofthetime?

A)ThestimulusthresholdB)Thedifferencethreshold

C)TheabsolutethresholdD)Theactionpotential

Answer:C

9)Differentsensesgiveusdifferentsensationsmainlybecause

A)Theyinvolvedifferentstimuli.

B)Theyactivatedifferentsensoryregions。.【醫(yī)】感覺區(qū)，頂聶頁區(qū))ofthebrain.

C)Theyhavedifferentintensities.

D)Wehavedifferentmemoriesassociatedwiththem.

Answer:B

10)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofinformationthattop-downprocessing

contributestoperception?

A)Lookingforafriend'sfaceinthecrowd

B)Havingtowaitforyoureyestoadjusttothedarkinatheatre

C)Hearingapainfullyloudnoise

D)Feelingapinprick

Answer：A

IITrueorFalse

1)GustavFechnercoinedthetermpsychophysics,whichreferstothestudyoftherelationship

betweentheintensityofaphysicalstimulusandthemagnitudeofanindividual'ssensory

experience.

Answer:TRUE

2)Thetransformationofoneformofenergy,suchaslight,toanotherform,suchasneural

impulses,iscalledsensoryadaptation.

Answer:FALSE

3)Theabsolutethresholdisoperationallydefinedasthestimuluslevelatwhichasensorysignalis

detected100%ofthetime.

Answer:FALSE

4)Inasignaldetectionstudy,anobserverwhoisayeasayerwillgiveahighnumberofhitsbut

willalsohaveahighnumberoffalsealarms.

Answer:TRUE

5)DavidHubeiandTorstenWieselwonaNobelPrizefortheirstudiesofreceptivefieldsofcells

inthevisualcortex.

Answer:TRUE

6)Theloudnessofasoundisdependentprimarilyonthefrequencyofthesoundwave.

Answer:FALSE

7)Transductionreferstotheprocessofconvertingneuralimpulsesintopsychologicalenergythat

thebraincanprocess.

Answer:FALSE

8)Bottom-upprocessing。.自下而上力口工)referstoperceptualanalysisinwhichinformation

fromanindividual'spastexperience,knowledge,expectations,motivations,andbackground

influencethewayaperceivedobjectisinterpretedandclassified.

Answer:FALSE

9)Theprincipleofrelativesizestatesthatobjectsofthesamesizebutdifferentdistances

projectthesamesizeimagesontheretina.

Answer:FALSE

10)Whenyourexpectationsaffectperceptionstheprocessiscalledbottom-upprocessing.

Answer:FALSE

Chapter5

1)PsychologyisbestdefinedasthescientificstudyofD

A)themindandconsciousness.

B)thementalprocessesofindividuals.

C)mentaldisordersandabnormalbehavior.

D)thebehaviorofindividualsandtheirmentalprocesses.

2)Thefirsttaskinpsychologyistomakeaccurateobservationsaboutbehavior.Thismeansthat

psychologistsmustfirstDbehavior.

A)predictB)explainC)controlD)describe

3)Whendrawingconclusionsaboutbehavior,psychologistsrelyonC

A)theirownpersonalbeliefs.B)whatisknownas"commonsense."

C)objectivelycollectedinformation.D)theireverydayobservationsofpeople.

4)Inordertoinvestigatebehavior,researchersmayusedifferentlevelsofanalysis.Whichofthe

followingresearchquestionsexemplifiesthebroadest,mostgloballevelofanalysis?A

A)Whataretheoriginsofprejudice?

B)Aretheregenderdifferencesinprejudice?

C)Aretheredifferencesinhowvariousracialgroupsexpressprejudice?

D)Whatistheroleofearlychildhoodexperiencesintheformationofprejudice?

5)In1908,HermannEbbinghauswrotethat"Psychologyhasalongpast,butonlyashort

history.'*WhichstatementbestcapturestheideathatEbbinghauswasexpressing?C

A)Psychologists,likephilosophers,havedifficultylearningfromtheirmistakes.

B)Questionsabouthumannaturehaveexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavethemethods

necessarytoanswerthembeendeveloped.

C)Thefieldofpsychologyhasexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavescholarsbegunto

recordtheaccomplishmentsoftheprofession.

D)Althoughpsychologistshavebeendoinglaboratoryresearchforhundredsofyears,littleof

substancehasbeendiscoveredabouthumannature.

6)Whichstatementmostcloselycharacterizesthecurrent(l.現(xiàn)在的，現(xiàn)彳亍的)viewofmost

psychologiststowardthestudyofbehavior?A

A)Psychologistsborrowandblendfromdifferentperspectives.

B)Psychologiststendtoagreethatthemostproductiveapproachisthebiologicalperspective.

C)Psychologiststaketheapproachthatcomplexbehaviorcanbereducedtopatternsofsimple

behavior.

D)Althoughpsychologistsdifferintheirbasicapproach,allagreeonthequestionstobeasked

andhowtheyshouldbestudied.

7)Apsychologistwhoexplainsarapist'sbehaviorintermsoftherapistsdisplacedhostility

towardhismotherismostlikelytoprefertheCperspective.

A)cognitiveB)humanisticC)evolutionaryD)psychodynamic

8)PsychologistswhotakethebehavioristapproachseektoB

A)illustratetheinnategoodnessofhumans.

B)understandhowenvironmentalstimulicontrolbehavior.

C)validatetheimportanceofthoughtprocessesinhumanbehavior.

D)demonstratetheimportanceofunresolvedconflictsandinnerforces.

9)Ateacherwantstoseewhethersmilingatchildreniftheyraisetheirhandswhensheasksa

questionincreasesthelikelihoodthatchildrenwillvolunteeranswers.Fromthebehaviorist

perspective,theantecedent

environmentalconditionisandtheconsequenceis.

A)smiling;raisingofhandB)raisingofhand;smiling

C)askingaquestion;smilingD)raisingofhand;askingaquestion

10)Thehumanisticperspectiveinpsychologygivesgreaterweightandimportanceto

A)thecapacityofhumanstomakechoices.

B)breakingdowncomplexbehaviorintoelementaryunitsofbehavior.

C)howenvironmentalforcescometocontroltheindividuaFsbehavior.

D)thepowerfulinstinctualtendenciesthatdominatepeople'sactions.

IITrueorFalse

1)Psychologistsaretrainedtodescribebehaviorfromtheirownsubjectivepoin