(課件)UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSPERIOD4USINGLANGUAGE要點(diǎn)內(nèi)化課

Unit1

ScienceandScientistsPeriod4

UsingLanguage(Ⅰ)要點(diǎn)內(nèi)化課自主素養(yǎng)儲(chǔ)備rilliantnitialutstandingeadershiphadowssistant7.HewasafraidofbeingattackedbyLiuBeiandSunQuan,sohesentatrooptod_____Jingzhou.8.Wesawabeautifulr_______acrosstheskyafterraining.efendainbowvividgiftedtraceBesidessolidshiftsteadyfaulthaveabigimpactoninchargeofbrokeoutisfamiliarwithamwillingto7.She__________(夢(mèng)想)beinganactressasalittlegirl.

8.Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtobreakthroughinthe___________(抗擊;對(duì)抗)cancer.

dreamedoffightagainsttalentedmoneyedwoodedmannedⅣ.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetwopassages.1.WhatmadeQianXuesenacreativescientist?______________________2.WhydidQianswitchhismajor?________________________________________________________________3.Whatwasthebigbangtheory?__________________________________________________________4.WhatmadeHawkingoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies?____________________________Hisstronginterestinart.

Becausehewantedtohelphiscountrydevelopitsownpowerfulairforce.

Itholdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeandspace.

Hisbraveryanddetermination.

Readthefirstpassageandfillinthefollowingblanks.知識(shí)素養(yǎng)積淀1.breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始;爆發(fā)【觀察·悟】※SinceCOVID-19brokeout,theChinesepeoplehavefullydemonstratedtheirChinesespirit,strengthandresponsibility.自新冠肺炎爆發(fā)以來(lái),中國(guó)人民充分展現(xiàn)了他們的中國(guó)精神、中國(guó)力量和中國(guó)責(zé)任?！鵋edecidedtobreakawayfromhomeaftergraduation.他決定畢業(yè)以后離開家。※Thesunbrokethroughataroundlunchtime.大約在午飯時(shí)分,太陽(yáng)破云而出?！鵋erhealthbrokedownunderthegreatpressureofwork.她的身體在巨大的工作壓力下垮掉了?！鵚hentheyheardthegoodnews,theyallbrokeintocheers.當(dāng)他們聽到這個(gè)好消息時(shí),他們突然都?xì)g呼起來(lái)?！鵗heydecidedtobreakuptheirpartnership.他們決定解除他們的合作關(guān)系?！旧伞さ谩俊緝?nèi)化·用】根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。①Youmustbreakaway_____thebadhabits.②Lastnightsomebodybroke____MrBrown’shouseandtookawaymanythings.③Aftertheheavyrainthesunbroke_______theclouds.④Wehopethat_______________________________.

我們希望未來(lái)不會(huì)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)。fromintothroughwarwillnotbreakoutinthefuture2.defendvt.保衛(wèi);防守;辯解派生defence

n.保衛(wèi);防守【觀察·悟】※QianXuesenrealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.錢學(xué)森意識(shí)到中國(guó)需要自己強(qiáng)大的空軍來(lái)保護(hù)這個(gè)國(guó)家。※Allpoliceofficersaretrainedtodefendthemselvesfrom/againstknifeattacks.所有的警察都接受了保護(hù)自己免受持刀襲擊的訓(xùn)練?！鵖tudentsshouldbereadytoexplainanddefendtheirviews.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該做好準(zhǔn)備為自己的觀點(diǎn)作解釋和辯護(hù)?！鵗housandsofpeoplegavetheirlivesindefenceoffreedom.成千上萬(wàn)的人為了保衛(wèi)自由獻(xiàn)出了他們的生命。【生成·得】①____________________ 保護(hù)……免受……;抵抗②________________

捍衛(wèi)某人的觀點(diǎn)

③___________

保衛(wèi)……;為……辯護(hù)

defend...from/against...defendone’sviewsindefenceof【內(nèi)化·用】①Whenthedogattackedme,I______________(自衛(wèi))withastick.

②Ourdutyisto____________________________________(保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)不受敵人侵襲).

③Theytooktwoyearstobuildthefort____________________(保護(hù)這座島).

④Thewall____________________________________(保護(hù)這條路不被沖垮)bythesea.

defendedmyselfdefendourhomelandagainsttheenemiesindefenceoftheislanddefendstheroadfrombeingwashedaway3.assistantn.

助理;助手派生assistancen.

幫助;協(xié)助;援助【觀察·悟】※(2021·八省聯(lián)考)ThemomentIsaidit,theassistantshoutedfrombehind.我剛說(shuō)完,助理就從后面喊了起來(lái)?！鵗hedamwasdesignedbysomeyoungassistantengineers.這個(gè)大壩是幾位青年助理工程師設(shè)計(jì)的。※WhenIwasindifficulty,hekindlycametomyassistance.當(dāng)我遇到困難時(shí),他好心來(lái)幫助我?！鵚iththeassistanceofhisbrother,hesoldonepainting.在他弟弟的幫助下,他賣掉了一幅畫?！鵌wasonlytoopleasedtobeofassistancetoyou.很高興能幫上你的忙。※Theirworkershavealwaysbeenavailabletoofferassistancetousandanswertechnicalquestions.他們的工人隨時(shí)為我們提供幫助并解答技術(shù)上的問(wèn)題。withtooffer/give/providetoone’sassistance助理的;輔助的【內(nèi)化·用】①Wearelookingforpeoplewhowouldbewillingto__________________(向我們提供幫助).

②Thehorseis_______________________________(對(duì)人類有幫助的動(dòng)物).

③Ihopethefollowinginformationmay___________________(對(duì)你有幫助)inthemeantime.

④________________________________(在鄰居的幫助下),thefirewasatlastbroughtundercontrol.

offerassistancetousananimalassistanttohumanbeingsbeofassistancetoyouWiththeassistanceoftheneighbours4.inchargeof主管;掌管【觀察·悟】※DoyouknowifLindaiswillingtotakechargeoftheprogram?你知道琳達(dá)是否愿意負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目嗎?※Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservice.我想知道你們收取多少服務(wù)費(fèi)。※Hewaschargedwithcarelessdrivingandfailingtoreporttheaccident.他被指控疏忽駕駛并且未對(duì)事故進(jìn)行報(bào)告。※Allgoodsaredeliveredfreeofchargewithintheregion.在這個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)所有物品免費(fèi)送貨?！鵗heshopisinthechargeofoneofhisassistants.這家店現(xiàn)在由他的一名助理負(fù)責(zé)。【生成·得】①_____________ 負(fù)責(zé);擔(dān)任

②______________

被指控;被控告

③freeofcharge _______④______________

在……的掌管之下

⑤charge(sb.)forsth. ____________________【點(diǎn)撥迷津】inchargeof與inthechargeof的用法區(qū)別:前者是“掌管,負(fù)責(zé)”,一般用人作主語(yǔ)。后者是“由……負(fù)責(zé),在……的掌管之下”,一般用物作主語(yǔ)。takechargeofbechargedwith免費(fèi)的inthechargeof(向某人)收取……費(fèi)用【內(nèi)化·用】用含有charge的詞塊填空。①Anexperiencedengineer____________(負(fù)責(zé))theconstructionsite.

②Theguidebooktothemuseum______________________(免費(fèi)獲取).

③Themuseumshould_____________________(向我們收入場(chǎng)費(fèi)).

isinchargeofisavailablefreeofchargechargeusforadmission5.discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事【觀察·悟】※Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscourage

himfromtakingonthechallenge.(教材典句)盡管如此,錢學(xué)森并沒(méi)有因此而放棄挑戰(zhàn)?！鵐oveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingaboutcamera.Don’tget

discouraged.如果有人告訴你她對(duì)談?wù)撓鄼C(jī)不感興趣,那就去找下一個(gè)人。千萬(wàn)不要泄氣?！厩蓪W(xué)助記】【生成·得】①____________

adj.令人失去信心的;使人氣餒的②________________

變得灰心喪氣

③discouragement n.______________【知識(shí)延伸】“阻止某人做某事”的其他表示方法:stopsb.(from)doingsth.preventsb.(from)doingsth.keepsb.fromdoingsth.discouragingbe/getdiscouraged阻止;泄氣;挫折discouragementdiscourageddiscouragingdiscouragedencouraged【生成·得】notonly...but(also)...常用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)_________,also可以省略。當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“_________”,即和but(also)后面的名詞或代詞在_________上保持一致;當(dāng)notonly位于句首,前一個(gè)分句用_________,but(also)后面的分句仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。并列成分就近原則人稱和數(shù)倒裝語(yǔ)序【內(nèi)化·用】語(yǔ)法填空。①Notonly___theygotoworkonweekdays,butalsoonweekends.②Notonlymenbutalsowomen___________(choose)tobevolunteers.

③She___________________________________________.

她不僅能很好地演奏樂(lè)器,而且還會(huì)作曲。dowerechosen7.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.

然而,使他成為如此杰出而富有創(chuàng)造性的科學(xué)家的或許是他對(duì)其他事情的強(qiáng)烈興趣,如音樂(lè)和繪畫?！居^察·悟】※Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.管理家庭開支一定是一項(xiàng)很難的任務(wù),但是她做起來(lái)好像一點(diǎn)也不費(fèi)力。※Itwasaneasytestandheshouldhavepassedit.那個(gè)測(cè)試很容易,他本應(yīng)該通過(guò)的?！鵗hegroundisverydry,soitcouldn’thaverainedlastnight.地面很干,所以昨天晚上一定沒(méi)有下雨?！鵌needn’thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.我本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要買這么多酒,只來(lái)了五個(gè)人。【生成·得】本句中使用了“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。常見結(jié)構(gòu)還有:①表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè):may/mighthavedone“_________________”;musthavedone“_________________”;can’t/couldn’thavedone“___________________”。②表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣:needn’thavedone“_______________”;shouldhavedone“________________”。過(guò)去可能做過(guò)某事過(guò)去一定做過(guò)某事過(guò)去不可能做過(guò)某事本不必做卻做了本應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)做shouldn’thavesaidmighthaveknownmusthavebeenasleepneedn’thavetakenataxi8.Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,asagraduatestudentinphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.

霍金第一次成名時(shí),他還很健康,可以走路,那是1964年,他是劍橋大學(xué)的一名物理學(xué)研究生?！居^察·悟】※Nobodyknewwhattodobecausetherewasnothingbigenoughtoweighit.沒(méi)有人知道該怎么辦,因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠大的東西可以稱它?！?2021·全國(guó)甲卷)It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen.(高考典句)天氣還是有點(diǎn)冷,它們不能到外面去。※Wehurriedtotheclassroom,onlytofindnonewasthere.我們匆忙趕到教室,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人也沒(méi)有?！鵋eleftinsuchahurryastoforgethisraincoat.他走得如此匆忙,連雨衣都忘了?！旧伞さ谩縿?dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用于下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中:①_____________表示“足夠能……”,“足以……”。enough前用_______或_____。

②表示“太……以致不能……”,“太……結(jié)果沒(méi)有……”可用________。其中too后面跟_______或_____。③強(qiáng)調(diào)意外結(jié)果,在不定式前面加____,表示“結(jié)果卻……”。④表示“如此……以至于……”可用________或__________。其中so后面跟_______或_____;such后面跟_____。

enough+todo形容詞副詞too...to...形容詞副詞onlyso...astosuch...asto形容詞副詞名詞【知識(shí)延伸】too前加否定詞如果too前面有否定詞,則整個(gè)句子表示肯定意義,too后面的詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義,意為“不太……”。※It’snevertoolatetomend.改過(guò)不嫌晚。當(dāng)too前面有only,all,but時(shí),意為“非?！薄！鵌’monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高興能幫助你?！緝?nèi)化·用】①Theboyisoldenough___________________(可以照顧自己).

②Hehurriedtothebookingoffice_____________(結(jié)果被告知)thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.

③Thatcaseismuch______________________(太重了,你提不動(dòng)).

④Theystartedsoearly____________________(結(jié)果趕上了第一班車).

totakecareofhimselfonlytobetoldtooheavyforyoutoliftitastocatchthefirstbus【備選要點(diǎn)】1.tracevt.

追溯;追蹤;查出n.

痕跡;遺跡;蹤跡【觀察·悟】※BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobetracedbacktoQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.(教材典句)因?yàn)樯裰刍鸺澈蟮脑S多技術(shù)可以追溯到錢學(xué)森的研究,因此錢學(xué)森獲得了“中國(guó)航天之父”的美譽(yù)。※Therewasaslighttraceofannoyanceinhiswords.他的話里有一點(diǎn)兒惱怒的情緒。※Thepentracesoutthesignalsasthetelescopescansthesky.當(dāng)望遠(yuǎn)鏡掃描天空時(shí),這支筆會(huì)描畫出這些信號(hào)?！旧伞さ谩竣賍______________ 追溯到

②________

描繪;描畫

③________

一絲,些許

betracedbacktotraceoutatraceof【內(nèi)化·用】用含有trace的詞塊填空。①Therearetwoversionsforchildren__________(描繪).

②Therewasnot_____________________(人類的蹤跡)ontheisland.

③Thefestivalcan______________________________(追溯到漢朝).

totraceoutatraceofhumanbeingsbetracedbacktotheHanDynasty2.takeon承擔(dān)【觀察·悟】※Shortlyaftersufferingfromalargeearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.遭受大地震成為廢墟后不久,這座城市呈現(xiàn)出了新面貌?！鵑omoreworkersarebeingtakenonatpresent.目前不再招收工