全球液化天然氣行業(yè)市場前景及投資研究報告-培訓(xùn)課件外文版2024.4

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MARKETSGlobalLNGindustryCHAPTER

01OverviewNaturalgasproductionworldwidefrom1998to2022(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalnaturalgasproduction1998-20224,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050001998

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20223Description:Globalnaturalgasproductionamountedtosome4.09trillioncubicmetersin2022,signifyingaslightdecreasecomparedtothepreviousyear.Theglobalnaturalgasshareofenergysourcesisexpectedtoincreaseinthefuture.Russia,theUnitedStates,andIranaresomeoftheworld'slargestnaturalgasproducers.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1998to2022Source(s):BPNaturalgasconsumptionworldwidefrom1998to2022(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalnaturalgasconsumption1998-20224,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050001998

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20224Description:Worldwidenaturalgasconsumptionhasbeenrisingoverthepast20years.In2022,naturalgasconsumptionworldwideamountedtoroughly3.94trillioncubicmeters.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1998to2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGLiquefiednaturalgastradevolumeworldwidefrom1970to2022(inbillioncubicmeters)GlobalLNGtradevolume1970-202260050040030020010001970

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20225Description:In2022,globalliquefiednaturalgastradevolumeamountedto542billioncubicmeters.Between1970and2022,figuresincreasedby539billioncubicmeters.In2022,Qatarwastheworld'smajorLNGexportingcountry,withandexportvolumeof114billioncubicmeters.Atthatsametime,JapanwasthemajorLNGimportingcountry,withfiguresover98billioncubicmeters.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1970to2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGCountrieswithlargestliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)exportcapacityinoperationworldwideasofOctober2023(inmillionmetrictonsperyear)GlobaloperationalLNGexportcapacitybycountry2023Capacityinmillionmetrictonsperyear0102030405060708090100UnitedStatesAustralia92.987.6Qatar77.4Russia31.1Algeria25.323.3IndonesiaNigeria23Malaysia21.9Egypt12.212TrinidadandTobago6Description:TheUnitedStateshasthegreatestLNGexportcapacityofanycountryworldwide.AsofOctober2023,U.S.terminalsforliquefiednaturalgasexportshadacombinedcapacityof92.9millionmetrictonsperyear.In2022,theUnitedStateswasthethird-largestLNGexportingcountry,behindQatarandAustralia.However,anincreaseinshipmentstoEuropeisexpectedtohaveseentheU.S.takethetopspotfor2023.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;October2023Source(s):GlobalEnergyMonitorCHAPTER

02InfrastructureNominalnaturalgasliquefactioncapacityworldwideinselectedyearsfrom2010to2022(inmillionmetrictonsperyear)Globalnaturalgasliquefactioncapacity2010-2022600500478.4459.9452.9430.5400359.5336.1280.33002001000273.220102011201620172019202020212022*8Description:Globalgasliquefactioncapacityreached478.4millionmetrictonsin2022.Since2010,LNGproductioncapacitieshaveincreasedbysome40percent.Inthesametimeperiod,theglobalLNGtradevolumealsosawsignificantgrowth,reachingover540billioncubicmetersin2022.Transportingnaturalgasinitsliquefiedformisusedwhenconsumermarketsaretoofarremovedfromproductionsitesandwherepipelineaccessisunavailable.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2010to2022Source(s):IGUStoragetankcapacityforliquefiednaturalgasworldwidein2022,bymajorcountry/territory(inmillioncubicmeters)GlobalLNGstoragetankcapacitybycountry2022Capacityinmillioncubicmeters02468101214161820JapanChina18.713.7SouthKoreaSpain133.3India2.7UnitedStatesUnitedKingdomKuwait2.12.12Taiwan1.71.41.31.11.1FranceThailandIndonesiaMexico9Description:Japanhadtheworld'slargestliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)storagetankcapacityin2022,at18.7millioncubicmeters.ThiswasfollowedbyneighboringChinaandSouthKorea,withatankcapacityataround13millioncubicmeters,respectively.AllthreecountriesalsohadthelargestLNGregasificationcapacity.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):IGU;RystadEnergyNumberofliquefiednaturalgasstoragevesselsworldwidefrom2010to2022GlobalfleetofLNGtankers2010-2022800700600500734700642601563511478421393378400300200100036035920102011201220132014201620172018201920202021202210Description:Thegloballiquefiednaturalgas(LNG)tankerfleetencompassedatotalof734vesselsattheendof2022.Thisfigurealsoincludesfloatingstorageunits.Since2011,figureshavesteadilyincreased.WithLNGtradevolumesreaching542billioncubicmetersin2022,greaternumberoftankersareparamounttosatisfyinggrowingconsumerdemand.ReadmoreNote(s):Atendofyear2010to2022Source(s):GIIGNLCumulativeandoperationalcapacityofliquefiednaturalgasstoragevesselsworldwidefrom2016to2022(inmillioncubicmeters)TotalandoperationalcapacityofglobalLNGtankerfleet2016-2022TotalOperational*120100806040200108.7107.8104.110395.293.489.786.183.179.673.969.369.964.7201620172018201920202021202211Description:LNGtankershadacumulativestoragecapacityof108.7millioncubicmetersworldwidein2022.Ofthis,107.8millioncubicmeterswastheoperationalcapacityofvesselsthatwereknowntobeinservice.Capacitiesincreasedbynearly40millioncubicmetersbetween2016and2022.TheglobalLNGtankerfleetencompassed734vesselsasofyearend2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):Atyearend2016to2022Source(s):GIIGNLRegasificationcapacityforliquefiednaturalgasworldwidein2022,bymajorcountry/territory(inmillionmetrictonsperyear)GlobalLNGregasificationcapacitybycountry2022Capacityinmillionmetrictonsperyear050100150200250JapanSouthKoreaChina217.5141.1100.8SpainUnitedStatesIndia43.941.439.536.5UnitedKingdomBrazil28.625.324.7TurkeyFranceThailandNetherlandsMexico1917.617.612Description:Japanhadtheworld'slargestliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)regasificationcapacityin2022,at217.5millionmetrictonsperyear.SouthKoreaandChinaweretheonlyothercountriestohaveanannualregasificationcapacityinexcessof100millionmetrictons.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):IGU;RystadEnergyNumberoffloatingstorageregasificationunits(FSRUs)worldwidefrom2016to2022GlobalfleetofFSRUvessels2016-2022605040494843373328302420100201620172018201920202021202213Description:Attheendof2022,thenumberoffloatingstorageregasificationunits(FSRUs)worldwidehadincreasedto49vessels.Thisfollowedsteadyincreasesinthepreviousyears.FSRUsmaybeusedtostoreandregasifyliquefiednaturalgaseitherdockeddirectlyattheirdestinationharbororusedasameansoftransportation.Bycomparison,thenumberoftotalLNGtankersincludingFSRUsreached734vesselsthatsameyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Atyearend2016to2022Source(s):GIIGNLProductioncapacityoffloatingliquefiednaturalgasprojectsworldwidein2023,bycountry(inmillionmetrictonsperyear)GlobalproposedFLNGprojectproductioncapacity2023,bycountryProductioncapacityinmillionmetrictonsperyear0102030405060UnitedStatesCanada5441Djibouti10Australia6Israel55MozambiqueEquatorialGuineaMexico4.41.4Malaysia2.5Russia1.261.2NigeriaIran1PapuaNewGuineaIndonesia10.8314Description:TheUnitedStateshasthelargestproductioncapacityofproposedfloatingliquefiednaturalgas(FLNG)projectsworldwide.AsofApril2023,some54millionmetrictonsofannualcapacitywereinthepipeline.CanadahadthesecondlargestproductioncapacityofproposedFLNGprojects,with41millionmetrictons.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;April2023Source(s):IGU;RystadEnergyCHAPTER

03TradeLiquefiednaturalgasexportmarketshareworldwidein2022,bycountryGlobalLNGexportmarketsharebycountry2022Exportmarketshare0%5%10%15%20%25%AustraliaQatarUnitedStatesRussia20%20%20%8%Malaysia7%Indonesia4%4%NigeriaAlgeriaOman3%3%PapuaNewGuineaTrinidad&TobagoEgypt2%2%2%UnitedArabEmirates1%16Description:Australia,Qatar,andtheUnitedStatesaretheworld'slargestexportersofliquefiednaturalgas.In2022,allthreecountriesaccountedforthesamemarketshare,exportingfarmoreLNGthananyothercompetitor.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):IGU;RystadEnergyLeadingexportingcountriesofliquefiednaturalgasworldwidein2022(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalliquefiednaturalgasexportsbycountry2022Exportsinbillioncubicmeters40

6002080100120QatarAustralia114.1112.3UnitedStatesRussia104.340.237.4MalaysiaNigeria19.6Indonesia15.51514.4OmanAlgeriaPapuaNewGuineaTrinidad&TobagoEgypt11.410.98.97.66.4UnitedArabEmiratesBruneiAngola4.117Description:Theworld`slargestexporterofliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)in2022wasQatar,withanexportvolumeof114.1billioncubicmeters.Atthattime,Australiarankedsecond.LNGisnaturalgasthatbeenmadeintoaliquidbycoolingto-260degreesFahrenheit/-162degreesCelsiusforshippingandstoragepurposes.LNGemergedinthe19thcenturysothatitwouldbepossibletotransportnaturalgasthroughpipelines.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;GIIGNL;IHSLiquefiednaturalgasimportmarketshareworldwidein2022,bycountry/territoryGlobalLNGimportmarketsharebycountry2022Importmarketshare8%

10%0%2%4%6%12%14%16%18%20%JapanChina18%16%SouthKoreaFrance12%6%SpainTaiwan5%5%5%5%IndiaUnitedKingdomNetherlandsTurkey3%3%3%ItalyBelgiumThailandPakistanKuwait2%2%2%2%18Description:Japanwastheworld'slargestimporterofliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)in2022.Thatyear,Japanaccountedfor18percentofallLNGimports.Liquefyinggasallowsforthetradingofnaturalgasovergreaterdistances,althoughpipelinesareconsideredthesafermeansoftransportation.MostcountriesreliantonLNGimportsarethosewithnopipelineconnectionstoproducingsites.Australia,Qatar,andtheUnitedStatesaretheworld'slargestLNGexporters,eachaccountingfor20percentof[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):GIIGNL;IGULeadingimportingcountriesofliquefiednaturalgasworldwidein2022(inbillioncubicmeters)GlobalLNGimports2022,bycountryImportsinbillioncubicmeters40

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600102030708090100110JapanChina98.393.2SouthKoreaFrance63.935.1Spain28.828.4IndiaTaiwan27.425.3UnitedKingdomTurkey15.114.3Italy19Description:Japanimportsmoreliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)thananyothercountryintheworld.In2022,Japanpurchasedsome98.3billioncubicmetersworthofLNG.Withtheexceptionoflastyear,JapanhasbeenthelargestLNGmarket.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;GIIGNL;S&PGlobalCHAPTER

04PricesAveragespotcharterratefora160,000cubicmeterliquefiednaturalgasstoragevesselworldwidefrom2015to2022(inU.S.dollarsperday)AverageglobalspotcharterpriceforLNGtankers2015-2022140,000120,000100,000131,50088,69289,20080,00060,00040,00020,000069,33759,30046,058201736,038201533,52820162018201920202021202221Description:AnLNGtankerwitha160,000cubicmeterstoragecapacitycouldbecharteredatanaveragespotpriceof131,500U.S.dollarsperdayin2022.Thiswasanotableincreasecomparedtothepreviousyear,withtheglobalLNGtankerfleethavinggrownto734vesselsattheendof2022.LNGwasinhighdemandthroughouttheyearasmanyEuropeanmarketsturnedawayfromRussianpipelinegasimports.

ReadmoreNote(s):2015to2022Source(s):GIIGNLSpotpricesofliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)deliveredworldwideasofJanuary2024,byselectdestinationcountry(inU.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunits)GlobalLNGspotpricesinselectdestinationmarkets2024PricesinU.S.dollarspermillionBtu024681012JapanChina10.0510.05India9.6ArgentinaBrazil8.958.9Spain8.85UnitedKingdom8.6722Description:JapanandChinahavesomeofthehighestspotpricesforliquefiednaturalgas.InJanuary2024,customersinJapanandChinapaidapproximately10.05U.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunitofLNGdelivered.DestinationmarketsinEuropeandSouthAmericaexperiencedslightlylowershippingcosts.Inthelastfewyears,theglobaltradevolumeofLNGhasincreasednotably,exceeding500billioncubicmetersshipped.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2024Source(s):GECFPriceofIndonesianliquefiednaturalgasinJapanonthefirstofeachmonthfromFebruary2022toFebruary2024(inU.S.dollarspermillionmetricBritishthermalunit)MonthlyglobalLNGbenchmarkprice2022-20246050403020100Feb

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Feb'22'22'22'22'22'22'22'22'22'22'23'23'23'23'23'23'23'23'23'23'23'24'2423Description:TheglobalLNGbenchmarkpriceamountedto8.82U.S.dollarspermillionmetricBritishthermalunitsinFebruary2024.Pricesrosesignificantlythroughout2022asaresultofsupplyissuesrelatingtotheRussia-Ukrainewar,buthavesincedecreased.In2023,theworldwidenaturalgaspriceindexwasattimeslessthanafourthofwhatithadbeenin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;February2022toFebruary2024Source(s):IMFCHAPTER

05CompaniesLeadingliquefiednaturalgasexportingcompaniesworldwidebyoperationalstoragecapacityasof2023(inmillionmetrictonsperannum)AnnualexportingcapacityoflargestglobalLNGcompanies2023Exportingcapacityinmillionmetrictonsperannum0102030405060QatarEnergy(Qatar)CheniereEnergy(UnitedStates)Shell(Netherlands)56.244.537.9Sonatrach(Algeria)25.3Petronas(Malaysia)21.921.8ExxonMobil(UnitedStates)TotalEnergies(France)Chevron(UnitedStates)BP(UK)18.317.814.7Novatek(Russia)12.212.1VentureGlobalLNG(UnitedStates)25Description:QatarEnergyhasthelargestLNGexportcapacityofanynaturalgascompanyintheworld.AsofOctober2023,thestate-ownedcompanyhadaoperationalstoragecapacityof56.2millionmetrictonsperannum.Bycomparison,thesecondlargestleadingLNGexportingcompany,CheniereEnergy,hadanoperationalexportingcapacityof44.5millionmetrictonsperannum.QatarandtheUnitedStatesareamongtheleadingLNGexportingcountriesintheworldReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;October2023Source(s):GlobalEnergyMonitorOperationalstoragecapacityoflargestLNGimportingcompaniesworldwideasofOctober2023(inmillionmetrictonsperannum)LargestglobalLNGimportingcompaniesbycapacity2023Importcapacityinmillionmetrictonsperannum0102030405060708090100110KOGAS(SouthKorea)ChubuElectricPower(Japan)96.448.244.944.6Enagás(Spain)TokyoElectricPowerCompany(Japan)TokyoGas(Japan)32.230.4CheniereEnergy(UnitedStates)PetronetLNG(India)22.522KuwaitNationalPetroleumCompany(Kuwait)NationalPetroleumandNaturalGasPipelineNetworkGroup(China)BOTA(Turkey)20.71919PTT(Thailand)26Description:TheKoreaGasCorporationisabletoreceiveandstore96.4millionmetrictonsofliquefiednaturalgaseveryyear,morethananyothercompanyintheworldasofOctober2023.Japan'sChubuElectricPowercompanyrankedsecond,withanoperationalimportcapacityof48.2millionmetrictonsperyear.SouthKoreaandJapanareamongtheworld'slargestLNGimportingcountries.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;October2023Source(s):GlobalEnergyMonitorCumulativefinancingofliquefiednaturalgasimportandexportcompaniesbyselectedbanksworldwidebetween2016and2022(inmillionU.S.dollars)Cumulativefinancingofliquefiednaturalgasimportandexportcompanies2016-2022AmountinmillionU.S.dollars02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,000MorganStanleyCiti10,4358,674JPMorganChaseBankofAmericaMizuho8,1337,1936,817GoldmanSachsMUFG5,8295,785SociétéGénéraleBNPParibasSMBCGroupHSBC5,4875,4655,2035,068Barclays4,0514,033RBCSantanderScotiabank3,5963,46227Description:MorganStanleyfinancedleadinggloballiquefiednaturalgasimportandexportcompaniestothetuneof10.4billionU.S.dollarsbetween2016and2022.Inthatperiod,Citi'sfinancingoftheliquefiednaturalgasimportandexportsectorreached8.67billionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2016to2022Source(s):Bloomberg;IPCC;RainforestActionNetwork;RystadEnergy;UrgewaldFinancingofliquefiednaturalgasimportandexportcompaniesbyselectedbanksworldwidein2022(inmillionU.S.dollars)Globalfundingofliquefiednaturalgascompaniesworldwide2022AmountinmillionU.S.dollars02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,0002,200MizuhoMorganStanleyJPMorganChaseING1,9661,8171,6201,2251,1571,0951,040CitiGoldmanSachsSMBCGroupMUFGBankofAmericaScotiabankDeutscheBankRBC987960935907878BankofChinaSantanderBPCE/Natixis78174074028Description:Mizuhofinancedleadinggloballiquefiednaturalgasimportandexportcompaniestothetuneof1.96billionU.S.dollarsin2022alone.In2022,MorganStanleylentandunderwroteover1.8billionU.S.dollarstotheworld'sleadingliquefiednaturalgascompanies.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):Bloomberg;IPCC;RainforestActionNetwork;RystadEnergy;UrgewaldCHAPTER

06OutlookTradevolumeofnaturalgasworldwidein2022,withaforecastfor2030,byscenarioandmodeoftransportation(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalnaturalgastrade2022-2030,byscenarioandtransportationmodeLNGPipeline1,000900800700600500400300200100030961124633122058850747920222030STEPSscenario2030APSscenario2030NZEscenario30Description:Naturalgastradeworldwidestoodat810billioncubicmeters(bcm)in2022,withmostofitbeingtransportedasliquefi