2024年高考英語一輪復習第30講閱讀理解其它體裁（核心考點）

第30講閱讀理解其它體裁（核心考點精講精練）1.三年真題其它體裁考點細目表時間卷次體裁主題語境字數(shù)題型分類2023年新高考I卷///新高考=2\*ROMANII卷書評人與社會：印刷書籍和閱讀對人類的重要意義330+1261個細節(jié)理解題1個推理判斷題1個詞義猜測題全國甲卷書評人與社會：介紹了TheSocratesExpress333+1282個細節(jié)理解題2個推理判斷題全國乙卷////北京卷////浙江卷新聞報道人與社會：在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的軟件程序：ProjectDebater的314+1322個細節(jié)理解題1個推理判斷題1個詞義猜測題天津卷/+/2022年新高考I卷///新高考=2\*ROMANII卷/+/全國甲卷///全國乙卷書評人與社會：DorothyWickenden的書：NothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWest317+1222個細節(jié)理解題2個推理判斷題北京卷///浙江卷////天津卷//////////2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】從近三年的命題上看，閱讀理解無論是新聞報道還是書評是主要考查細節(jié)理解和考查推理判斷題偶爾也會考查詞義猜測題?！緜淇疾呗浴扛呖紓淇?，重點練閱讀。因為閱讀是綱，綱舉目張。閱讀量+詞匯量=高考英語前途無量。要做到精讀泛讀相結(jié)合。每天讀5篇，高考一百三。具體來說，可以每天精讀2篇，讀懂每一句話，并完成文后的問答題；泛讀3篇，材料要相對容易一些，但要有長度，最好是文學作品。泛讀的方法是只求知道內(nèi)容，不記單詞或漂亮句子，也不做短文后的習題。【命題預測】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢來看，預測2024年高考閱讀理解其它體裁可能會出現(xiàn)，試題難度會保持相對穩(wěn)定，但會繼續(xù)考查考生快速而準確地獲取和理解文中具體細節(jié)信息的能力以及推斷能力。過關(guān)檢測（2023·云南·云南師大附中校考模擬預測）Theguywhoatea$120,000bananainanartmuseumsayshewasjusthungryItalianartistMaurizioCattelaniswellknownforhisinspiringworks,buthissignaturework—abananatapedtoawall—waslatelydestroyedforasimplereason;thehungeritarousedinacollegestudent.Theworknamed“edian”(喜劇演員)haspreviouslysoldfor$120,000,mostfamouslyatArtBaselMiamiin2019.WhileacollegestudentwhorecentlyviewedtheartinaSeoulmuseumsaidheatethebananaafterskippingbreakfast.Theartinquestion,edian,whichwasafrequentlyreplacedfreshbanana,wastapedonthewall.ItismeanttoindicateeverythingfromCharlieChaplin’sedytothefruit’sstatusasasymbolofglobaltrade.However,itspoketoNohHuynsoo,thecollegestudent,insimplerterms,remindinghimthathehadskippedbreakfastthatmorning.SowhenhevisitedSeoul’sLeeumMuseumofArtlateatnoonlastweek,Nohseizedtheyellowfruitandateit,ignoringthealarmedcryofamuseumworker.IttookNoharound1minutetotearoffthebananaandeatit.Then,hereattachedthepeeltoitsspotonthewallNohtoldthemuseumthatheatetheartbecausehewashungry,accordingtoKoreanpublicbroadcasterKBS,whichairedavideoofhisactionsthatwasrecordedbyhisfriend.ButNoh,whostudiesartandreligionatSeoulNationalUniversity,alsoexpressedtheartist’sintentandsuggestedhisownactionsmightqualifyasart,ashetransformedCattelan’sworkandputitbackondisplay.TheNohdramalastedonlyaround30minutes,asmuseumworkersrestoredasecondbananatothespot.Andthemuseumwon’tchargeNohforanydamages.Becausewhentheartistwastoldabouttheruinedwork,herepliedthatitwasn’taproblem.1．Whatisthearticle?A．Amuseumguidance. B．Anewsreport. C．Atravelblog. D．Alifestory.2．Whatisspecialaboutthework“edian”?A．Itisalifelikeobjectkeptwellinthemuseum. B．Itisafunnypaintingsoldatararehighprice.C．Itisarealitemrefreshedregularlyondisplay D．Itisaneatablefruitdesignedtobedelivered.3．WhichmaybetherealreasonforNohtoeattheexhibit?A．Hewantedtobeinvolvedintoanartcreationinaway.B．Hefelthungryfornothavingbreakfastontime.C．Hemeanttomakeapopularblogtohavefun.D．Hewastoldtodosoforthesakeofnewart.4．Whatdoestheartistthinkofthedestroyedwork?A．Absolutelyserious. B．Terriblyinfluential. C．Rarelytypical. D．Scarcelyimportant.【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．D【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了一名最近在首爾博物館觀看的大學生吃掉意大利藝術(shù)家毛里齊奧·卡特蘭的一則標志性作品的事情。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標題“Theguywhoatea$120,000bananainanartmuseumsayshewasjusthungry(在美術(shù)館吃了一根價值12萬美元的香蕉的人說他只是餓了)”及第一段“ItalianartistMaurizioCattelaniswellknownforhisinspiringworks,buthissignaturework—abananatapedtoawall—waslatelydestroyedforasimplereason;thehungeritarousedinacollegestudent.Theworknamed“edian”(喜劇演員)haspreviouslysoldfor$120,000,mostfamouslyatArtBaselMiamiin2019.(意大利藝術(shù)家毛里齊奧·卡特蘭以其鼓舞人心的作品而聞名，但他的標志性作品——一根綁在墻上的香蕉——最近被銷毀的原因很簡單；它激起了一名大學生的饑餓感。這部名為《喜劇演員》的作品此前曾以12萬美元的價格售出，最著名的是2019年在邁阿密巴塞爾藝術(shù)展上)”可知，本文是對一則事件的報道。由此推知，這是一篇新聞報道。故選B項。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theartinquestion,edian,whichwasafrequentlyreplacedfreshbanana,wastapedonthewall.(這件有爭議的作品，《喜劇演員》，是一個被貼在墻上的經(jīng)常被替換的新鮮香蕉)”可推知，它是一個真實的定期在展覽上更新的物品。故選C項。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ButNoh,whostudiesartandreligionatSeoulNationalUniversity,alsoexpressedtheartist’sintentandsuggestedhisownactionsmightqualifyasart,ashetransformedCattelan’sworkandputitbackondisplay.(但在首爾國立大學學習藝術(shù)和宗教的Noh也表達了這位藝術(shù)家的意圖，并表示他自己的行為可能符合藝術(shù)標準，因為他改造了卡特蘭的作品并將其放回到展覽中)”可推知，Noh吃掉展品的原因是他想要以某種方式參與到藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中。故選A項。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Becausewhentheartistwastoldabouttheruinedwork,herepliedthatitwasn’taproblem.(因為當藝術(shù)家被告知這件被毀的作品時，他回答說這不是問題)”可推知，藝術(shù)家認為被損壞的作品幾乎不重要。故選D項。（2023·湖南長沙·雅禮中學?？既＃賅hatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry’slargestprocessorofchicken,pork,andbeefbuysastake(股份)inastartupthataimsto“perfectlyreplaceanimalproteinwithplantprotein”?②TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyondMeat,theSouthernCaliforniabasedfoodtechstartupthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyearwithitsveggieburgerthatreportedlycooksandtasteslikerealbeef.③Tobesure,BeyondMeat’smeatlesscreationshaveyettotakethecountrybystorm.Althoughthe100percentplantbasedburgershaveachievedplentyofpositivepresssincetheyappearedforthefirsttimeinMay,sofarthey’reonlyavailableatWholeFoodsstoresinsevenstates.Eventhoughthepany’s“chicken”strips,“beef”pies,andmeatlessfrozendinnersareavailablenationwide,BeyondMeatishardlyahouseholdname.④ThatmaybewhatmakesthenewsofTyson’sinvestmentallthemorenoteworthy.Whilethetwopaniesdeclinedtogivedetailsaboutthedeal,it’sdoubtfulthatTyson’s5percentstakemademuchofdent(凹陷)inthemeatgiant’scoffers(金庫).Thepanyposted$41.4billioninsaleslastyear;priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding—aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonanygivenday.⑤Tysonisdoingprettygreat.ThepanyreportedrecordthirdquarterearningspershareinAugustandsaysthatitexpectsoverallmeatproductiontoincrease2to3percentduringthenextfinancialyear.Butlikeabigoilpanyshellingoutcashtoinvestinwindpower,Tyson’stoeinthewatermovetoteamupwithastartupdevotedtobringingmoreplantbasedproteintoAmericandinnertablesseemstosuggestthemeatindustryisstartingtoseewhichwaythewindsareblowing.⑥Salesofplantbasedprotein,whichtotaledanestimated$5billionlastyear,continuetopaleparedwiththemarketformeatinAmerica—butvegetarianalternativestomeatarebooming,withsalesgrowingatmorethandoubletherateforfoodproductsoverall.Thesteadydrumbeatofnewsaboutthenegativehealthimpacts,environmentalproblems,andanimalwelfareconcernsassociatedwithmeatconsumptionappearstobesinkingin.AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinApril,morethanhalfofAmericanssurveyedsaidtheyplantoeatmoreplantbasedfoodsintheingyear.5．BeyondMeat’sveggieburgermadeheadlinesprobablybecause________.A．itmakesperfectuseofanimalproteinB．ituseshightechinthemakingprocessC．ittastesasgoodasagenuinebeefburgerD．itrepresentsthediettrendinSouthCalifornia6．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEregardingthestateofBeyondMeat?A．Itisthecreatorofthecountry’sfirst100percentplantbasedburgers.B．Ithasbeenwellreceivedasitsproductsareavailablenationwide.C．ItisfarfrombeingamatchtorealfoodprocessinggiantslikeTyson.D．ItprovideshighqualitydiningexperienceinselectedWholeFoodsstores.7．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A．ThepurchaseofthestakebarelycostsathingforTyson.B．The5percentstakeinBeyondMeatmeansalottoTyson.C．Tyson’sinvestmenthasn’tcaughttheattentionofthemediaasexpected.D．Tysonisrelyingonthisinvestmenttoraisemoreprojectcapitalfunding.8．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Meatwillstilltakeoverthemarketinspiteofotheralternatives.B．AmajorAmericanmeatpanyisbettingonplantbasedprotein.C．TysonandBeyondMeatworktogethertobuildaglobalmeatgiant.D．Plantshavebeenfoundtocontainproteinthatdoesmoregoodtohumanbeings.【答案】5．C6．C7．A8．B【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述美國最大的肉類加工商TysonFoods加盟了一家叫做BeyondMeat的初創(chuàng)公司，BeyondMeat旨在用植物蛋白完美替代動物蛋白為大家生產(chǎn)無肉產(chǎn)品，以及這家公司產(chǎn)品目前的經(jīng)營情況。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyondMeat,theSouthernCaliforniabasedfoodtechstartupthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyearwithitsveggieburgerthatreportedlycooksandtasteslikerealbeef.(泰森食品公司本周宣布，它收購了BeyondMeat公司5%的股份。BeyondMeat是一家總部位于南加州的食品科技初創(chuàng)公司，今年早些時候，這家公司因其素食漢堡而登上頭條，據(jù)報道，這款漢堡的烹飪和味道都像真正的牛肉)”可知，BeyondMeat的素食漢堡成為頭條是因為這款漢堡的味道和真正的牛肉漢堡一樣。故選C。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding—aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonanygivenday.(據(jù)報道，在與泰森食品達成交易之前，BeyondMeat已經(jīng)籌集了6400萬美元的項目資本資金——這相當于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，BeyondMeat籌集的項目資金6400萬美元僅僅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，由此可知BeyondMeat的規(guī)模遠遠不及TysonFoods，即BeyondMeat不能與BeyondFoods相提并論。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“it’sdoubtfulthatTyson’s5percentstakemademuchofdentinthemeatgiant’scoffers(但令人懷疑的是，泰森食品持有的5%股份是否為這家肉類巨頭財務帶來很大的財務空缺)”和“priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathadreportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding—aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunchonanygivenday.(據(jù)報道，在與泰森食品達成交易之前，BeyondMeat已經(jīng)籌集了6400萬美元的項目資本資金——這相當于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，BeyondMeat籌集的項目資金6400萬美元僅僅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，可得出泰森食品持有的5%股份不會造成很大的財務虧空，即對于泰森食品公司來說，收購BeyondMeat并未花費很多錢。故選A。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry’slargestprocessorofchicken,pork,andbeefbuysastake(股份)inastartupthataimsto“perfectlyreplaceanimalproteinwithplantprotein”?(當中國最大的雞肉、豬肉和牛肉加工商入股一家旨在“用植物蛋白完美替代動物蛋白”的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)時，這說明了肉類的未來是什么)”可知，最大的肉類加工公司TysonFoods入股生產(chǎn)無肉產(chǎn)品的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)BeyondMeat意味著Tyson要重點投資植物蛋白這種無肉產(chǎn)品。故選B。（2023·重慶·西南大學附中校考三模）Anowl(貓頭鷹)namedFlacoescapedNewYork’sCentralParkZoolastweekafterhiscagewasbroken.Thissetoffabirdhuntofpoliceofficersandparkrangers(護林員).ZooofficialsworriedthatFlaco,whohadbeenkeptinhiszoocagefor13years,mayhavelostthesurvivalabilitiesheneededinthewild.Theyplacedsomeofhisfavoritetreatsintheopenairtoattempttotraphim.Flacowasnotfooled.Instead,hewassightedflyingover5thAvenue,andCentralPark’sskatingrink.AnumberofNewYorkersstampedintoCentralParktotrytocatchaglimpseofFlaco,takingphotoswithexcitement.Butthisweek,zooofficialsannouncedtheyacceptedthatFlacoremainedinCentralParkbecausehehadbeenseenbringingupbonesandfurfromthepark’sabundantmunityofrats.“Hehasbeenverysuccessfulathuntingandconsumingtheabundantratsinthepark.”zooofficialstoldtheNewYorkPost.“Andthat’samazing.He’shuntingonhisown.He’sflyingbetter.Flacoreallyseemstobeenjoyinghimselfoutthere.”Thereisacautionattachedtothisstoryofanowlwhoismakingitonhisowninthecitythatneversleeps.Owlsarenocturnal.Theygoaroundsearchingforfoodatnight.Theysleepduringtheday,ortryto,likelotsofpeoplewhoworktheovernightshift.YetsomeNewYorkerswhodon’tknowproperbirdwatchingbehaviorreportedlyseeFlacosleepinatreeduringtheday,andbegintoshoutathim.Itinterruptshissleep.Flacocan’ttrytosay“shh,shh”withthetraditionalNewYorkreply.Afterall,abirdcan’tgivesomeonethebird.9．WhywerezooofficialsconcernedaboutFlaco’sabilitytosurvive?A．Becausehisfavouritefoodwastoolittle.B．Becausehemightbeattackedbypolice.C．Becausehiscagewasseverelydamaged.D．Becausehewaskeptinhiscageforlong.10．WhatcanweinferaboutFlacofromthethirdparagraph?A．Hehasadaptedtothewild. B．Hehasfoundhisprevioushome.C．Hestillfacesgreatchallenges. D．Hedislikestheratsinthepark.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inparagraph4mean?A．Scarylooking. B．Shyandquiet.C．Activeatnight. D．Badlybehaved.12．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetotheinterruptiontoFlaco’ssleep?A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.【答案】9．D10．A11．C12．D【導語】本文是新聞報道。文章報道了貓頭鷹弗拉科從紐約中央公園動物園的圍欄中逃了出來。在躲過了各種救援嘗試后，弗拉科已經(jīng)很好地適應了他寬敞的新家——他可能會一直呆在那里。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ZooofficialsworriedthatFlaco,whohadbeenkeptinhiszoocagefor13years,mayhavelostthesurvivalabilitiesheneededinthewild.（動物園官員擔心，在動物園籠子里被關(guān)了13年的弗拉科可能已經(jīng)失去了在野外生存所需的能力。）”可知，因為他被關(guān)在籠子里太久了所以動物園官員擔心弗拉科的生存能力。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Butthisweek,zooofficialsannouncedtheyacceptedthatFlacoremainedinCentralParkbecausehehadbeenseenbringingupbonesandfurfromthepark’sabundantmunityofrats.‘Hehasbeenverysuccessfulathuntingandconsumingtheabundantratsinthepark.’zooofficialstoldtheNewYorkPost.‘Andthat’samazing.He’shuntingonhisown.He’sflyingbetter.Flacoreallyseemstobeenjoyinghimselfoutthere.’（但本周，動物園官員宣布，他們接受Flaco留在中央公園，因為有人看到它從公園里大量的老鼠群落中叼來骨頭和皮毛?！八讷C捕和吃掉公園里大量的老鼠方面非常成功。動物園官員告訴《紐約郵報》。“這太神奇了。他在獨自打獵。他飛得好多了。弗拉科似乎在那里玩得很開心?！保笨芍?，從第三段可以推斷弗拉科已經(jīng)適應了野外環(huán)境。故選A。11．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段劃線詞后“Theygoaroundsearchingforfoodatnight.Theysleepduringtheday,ortryto,likelotsofpeoplewhoworktheovernightshift.（它們在夜間四處尋找食物。他們白天睡覺，或者試著睡覺，就像很多上夜班的人一樣。）”可知，貓頭鷹是夜行動物，劃線詞是在夜晚活躍的。故選C。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“YetsomeNewYorkerswhodon’tknowproperbirdwatchingbehaviorreportedlyseeFlacosleepinatreeduringtheday,andbegintoshoutathim.Itinterruptshissleep.Flacocan’ttrytosay“shh,shh”withthetraditionalNewYorkreply.Afterall,abirdcan’tgivesomeonethebird.（然而，據(jù)報道，一些不知道正確觀鳥行為的紐約人看到Flaco白天在樹上睡覺，就開始對它大喊大叫。它打斷了他的睡眠。弗拉科不能用傳統(tǒng)的紐約人的回答說“噓，噓”。）”可知，作者對弗拉科睡眠被打斷的態(tài)度是不同意的。故選D。（2022·河南·濮陽南樂一高校聯(lián)考模擬預測）AmericanmathematicianDennisSullivanhasbeenawardedthe2022AbelPrize,oneofthemostdistinguishedawardsinmath,forhiscontributionstothefieldsoftopologyanddynamicalsystems.Sullivanhasbeenrecognizedforhisgroundbreakingcontributionstotopologyinitsbroadestsense,andparticularlyitsalgebraic(代數(shù)的),geometricanddynamicalaspects.Topologyisthestudyofpropertiesofobjectsandspacesthatdonotchangewhentheyaredeformed(變形).Thefieldissometimescalled“rubbersheetgeometry”,becauseobjectscanbestretchedintodifferentshapeslikerubberbutcannotbebroken.Forinstance,asquarecanbedeformedintoacirclewithoutbreaking,butadoughnutshapecannot.Sullivan,borninPortHuron,Michigan,in1941,beganstudyingtopologyasagraduatestudentatPrincetonUniversityintheearly1960s.His1966doctoralthesis,called“TriangulatingHomotopyEquivalences,”helpedrevolutionizethestudyofmanifolds,spacesthatlookflatwhenviewedfromanypointontheirsurfacebuthaveamoreplicatedoverallstructure.SubsequentlySullivantaughtatseveralotheruniversities.Duringthistime,hegraduallychangedhowmathematiciansperceivedalgebraicandgeometrictopology,introducingnewideasandbuildinganewvocabulary.In1970,hewroteasetofunpublishednoteswidelycirculatedandconsideredhugelyinfluential.Bythelate1970s,Sullivanbeganinvestigatingproblemsindynamicalsystems,whichisthestudyofapointmovingthroughageometricalspaceandafundamentalpartofchaostheory.Hisworkuniteddynamicalsystemsandalgebraictopologyinwaysthathadneverbeendone.In1985,Sullivanproveda60yearoldassumptionthatpointsmovinginplexdynamicalsystemseventuallyreturntotheirstartingpointratherthanwanderingaboutendlessly.“DennisP.Sullivanhasrepeatedlychangedthelandscapeoftopologybyintroducingnewconcepts”,saidHansMuntheKaas,chairoftheAbelmittee.“I’mnotsureSullivanseestheboundariesbetweendifferentareasofmathematicsthesameasotherpeopleseeit.”13．Whatisthepurposeofthesecondparagraph?A．Toclarifyaconcept. B．Topresentafact.C．Toexplainaphenomenon. D．Tomakeanassumption.14．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSullivian?A．Promisingandsincere. B．mittedandpioneering.C．Generousandintelligent D．Ambitiousandconsiderate.15．WhichstatementcorrespondswithSullivian’snewtheory?A．Spaceshaveamoreplicatedoverallstructure.B．Adoughnutcanbedeformedintoacirclewithoutbreaking.C．Dynamicsystemsandalgebraictopologycan’tbeintegrated.D．Pointsmovingincertainsystemseventuallyreturntotheirstartingpoint.16．WhatcanweinferfromHansMuntheKaas’remarksinthelastparagraph?A．Sulliviandoesn’tnormallyagreewithothers.B．Differentareasofmathematicshavenoboundaries.C．Sullivianmayhavehisownwayofviewingdifferentareasofmaths.D．HansMuntheKaashasprejudiceagainstSullivianintheareasofmathematics.【答案】13．A14．B15．D16．C【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了美國數(shù)學家丹尼斯·沙利文因其在拓撲和動力系統(tǒng)領域的貢獻而被授予2022年阿貝爾獎的事情。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Topologyisthestudyofpropertiesofobjectsandspacesthatdonotchangewhentheyaredeformed(變形).”（拓撲是研究對象和空間在變形時不會改變的特性。）可知，第二段的目的是闡明拓撲的概念。故選A項。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Sullivanhasbeenrecognizedforhisgroundbreakingcontributionstotopologyinitsbroadestsense,andparticularlyitsalgebraic,geometricanddynamicalaspects.”（沙利文因其對最廣義拓撲學的開創(chuàng)性貢獻而受到認可，尤其是在代數(shù)、幾何和動力學方面）及最后一段““DennisP.Sullivanhasrepeatedlychangedthelandscapeoftopologybyintroducingnewconcepts”saidHansMuntheKaas,chairoftheAbelmittee.”（阿貝爾委員會主席HansMuntheKaas表示：“丹尼斯·沙利文通過引入新概念，一再改變拓撲格局”）可知，沙利文對拓撲學做出了開創(chuàng)性貢獻，說明他具有先驅(qū)性，而他一再改變拓撲格局說明他一直忠于對拓撲的研究。故選B項。15．細節(jié)理解題。。根據(jù)第五段“In1985,Sullivanproveda60yearoldassumptionthatpointsmovinginplexdynamicalsystemseventuallyreturntotheirstartingpointratherthanwanderingaboutendlessly.”（1985年，沙利文證明了一個60年前的假設，即在復雜動力系統(tǒng)中移動的點最終會回到它們的起點，而不是無休止地徘徊。）可知，符合沙利文的新理論是在某些系統(tǒng)中移動的點最終會返回到它們的起點。故選D項。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“I’mnotsureSullivanseestheboundariesbetweendifferentareasofmathematicsthesameasotherpeopleseeit.”（我不確定沙利文是否像其他人一樣看待數(shù)學不同領域之間的界限）可知，沙利文可能對數(shù)學的不同領域有自己的看法。故選C項。（2023·江蘇南京·南京市第一中學校考模擬預測）Tesla’sselfdrivingcarshaverecentlyeunderinvestigationasareportoncrashesraisesquestionsabouttheirsafety.DespiteTeslaCEOElonMusk’sclaimthattheirAutopilotcapabilitymakestheircars“unequivocally(毫不含糊地)safer,”datasuggestsotherwise.AccordingtoTheWashingtonPost,thenumberofdeathsandseriousinjuriesassociatedwithTesla’sdriverassistancetechnologyishigherthanpreviouslyreported.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA)recorded736crashessince2019,withatleast17ofthembeingfatal.ThesefiguresincludecrashesinvolvingbothAutopilot,whichallowscarstodriveonhighwayswithouthumanintervention,andthenewerFullSelfDrivingfeature,whichextendsautomationtocitystreets.However,thesestatisticscan’trecordincidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars’safetyfeatures.Additionally,whenparedtothetotalnumberofcarcrashesthatoccurredlastyear,thenumberofcrashesinvolvingdriverassistancevehiclesappearsrelativelysmall,butactuallyit’snot.Tesla’ssafetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotisprimarilydesignedforhighways,whilemostaccidentsoccurinmoreplexenvironmentswithcrosstraffic,pedestrians,andcyclists.Moreover,Tesla’scustomerbaseconsistsmainlyofwealthierindividualswholiveinmunitieswithloweraccidentrates.ConcernsareraisedbyTesla’srequesttotheNHTSAnottorevealwhetherAutopilotorFullSelfDrivingwasinuseduringfatalcrashes.Thislackoftransparency(透明)preventsaprehensiveanalysisoftheincidentsandraisesquestionsaboutresponsibility.Safetyexaggerations(夸大)binedwithTesla’saggressivemarketinghaveledtoaccidentscausedbydriversrelyingtooheavilyonthesystem.FullSelfDrivingdoesnotallowthecartofullydriveitself,anddriversareexpectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointerveneatalltimes.However,Tesla’smessagingmaymisleadsomeusersintobelievingotherwise.Whileadriverlessfuturehasthepotentialtobesafer,itiscrucialnottoconvincethepublicthatunderdevelopedcapabilitiesarereadyforwidespreaduse.Teslashouldaddresspastproblems,ensuretheirautomationsetcandetectemergencyvehicles,andbetransparentwiththepublicaboutthelimitationsoftheirtechnology.Rushingtheimplementationofsuchtechnologywithoutaddressingitslimitationscouldleadtoseriousconsequencesontheroad.17．WhatcanwelearnaboutTesla’sdriverassistancerelatedcrashesfromparagraph2?A．736fatalcasesofselfdrivingarerecorded.B．NHTSAfocusedonthecrashesonhighways.C．Thetotalnumberofcarcrashesisextremelysmall.D．Theincidentsavoidedarenotcountedinthecrashstatistics.18．WhatcanbeinferredaboutTesla’ssafetyclaims?A．Theyaresupportedbyprehensivedata.B．Theyarebasedonlimiteddrivingenvironment.C．Theyarerestrictedtotheexperiencesofsatisfiedcustomers.D．TheyhavebeenproventobeaccurateandreliablebyNHTSA．19．WhatcanweknowaboutFullSelfDriving?A．Itisillreceived. B．Itiswelldeveloped.C．Itneedsthedrivertostayfocused. D．Itreducestheaccidentsgreatly.20．Whichtitlebestsummarizesthecontentofthistext?A．ConcernsandQuestionsSurroundingTesla’s“SelfDriving”CarsB．Tesla’sSelfDrivingCars:TheSafestOptionofDrivingontheRoadC．TheFutureofSelfDrivingCars:ACloserLookatTesla’sTechnologyD．ReconstructionandRevolutionofTesla’sAutopilotandFullSelfDriving【答案】17．D18．B19．C20．A【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是特斯拉的自動駕駛車輛所受到的一些質(zhì)疑和它自身存在的一些問題。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“However,thesestatisticscan’trecordincidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars’safetyfeatures.(然而，這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)并不能記錄由于汽車的安全特性而避免的事故。)”可知，避免的事故不計入撞車統(tǒng)計。故選D。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Tesla’ssafetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotisprimarilydesignedforhighways,whilemostaccidentsoccurinmoreplexenvironmentswithcrosstraffic,pedestrians,andcyclists.Moreover,Tesla’scustomerbaseconsistsmainlyofwealthierindividualswholiveinmunitieswithloweraccidentrates.(特斯拉的安全聲明缺乏背景，因為自動駕駛儀主要是為高速公路設計的，而大多數(shù)事故發(fā)生在更復雜的環(huán)境中，有交叉交通、行人和騎自行車的人。此外，特斯拉的客戶群主要是生活在事故率較低社區(qū)的富裕人士。)”可知，特斯拉的安全聲明是基于有限的駕駛環(huán)境。故選B。19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“FullSelfDrivingdoesnotallowthecartofullydriveitself,anddriversareexpectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointerveneatalltimes.(全自動駕駛不允許汽車完全自動駕駛，司機需要保持注意力，隨時準備干預。)”可知，全自動駕駛需要司機保持專注。故選C。20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Tesla’sselfdrivingcarshaverecentlyeunderinvestigationasareportoncrashesraisesquestionsabouttheirsafety.DespiteTeslaCEOElonMusk’sclaimthattheirAutopilotcapabilitymakestheircars“unequivocally(毫不含糊地)safer,”datasuggestsotherwise.(特斯拉的自動駕駛汽車最近受到調(diào)查，因為一份關(guān)于車禍的報告引發(fā)了對其安全性的質(zhì)疑。盡管特斯拉首席執(zhí)行官ElonMusk聲稱，他們的自動駕駛功能使他們的汽車“絕對更安全”，但數(shù)據(jù)顯示并非如此。)”及后文的描述可知，本文主要講的是特斯拉的自動駕駛車輛所受到的一些質(zhì)疑和它自身存在的一些問題，因此最好的題目是A選項“ConcernsandQuestionsSurroundingTesla’s“SelfDriving”Cars(圍繞特斯拉“自動駕駛”汽車的擔憂和問題)”。故選A。（2024·浙江·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）Arelationshipbetweentheamountofadultspeechchildrenareexposedtoandtheconcentrationofmyelin,asubstanceinthebrain,hasbeenfound,researcherssay.“Ithinkthetakehomemessageis,absolutelytalkingtoyourkids.It’sliterallyshapingthestructureofthebrain,”saystheleadauthor,Prof.JohnP.SpenceroftheUniversityofEastAnglia.Theteamfind,forthe30montholds,largeramountsofadultspeechareassociatedwithhigherquantitiesofmyelininlanguagerelatedpathwaysinthebrain;however,forthe6montholds,itgoestheoppositeway.Whilethelatter(后者)isunexpected,Spencerpointsoutonepossiblefactor:thebrain’sstageofdevelopment.“Whenbabiesaresixmonthsold,theyexperiencemassivegrowthofnewnervecells,”hesays.“Sotheinputesinandmayhelpextendtheperiodofbraingrowth.”“Whileat30months,thebrainstartstocutbacksomeofthecellgrowth,andformspecificconnections.That’swheremyelinesin.Sonowtheinputstartstohelpstructurethemyelin,”headds.Theresearchersconcludeadultspeechissignificantforbothagegroupsandthatthemoreadultspeechchildrengothrough,themoresensitivetheywillbetolanguage.Thenextstepforthemistofigureoutwhetherthe6montholdbabiesshowingthatnegativeconnectionwillsurelyturninto30montholdkidswhoshowpositiverelationship.Dr.SaloniKrishnan,Readerincognitiveneuroscience(認知神經(jīng)科學)atRoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon,whoisnotinvolvedinthework,however,notesindividualdifferencesinlanguageabilityarelinkedtogenetics.“Childrenwhoareexposedtomorelanguageathomeandhavehighermyelinationwillalsohaveinheritedgenes(經(jīng)遺傳獲得的基因)fromparentswhoaremoreexcellentinlanguages,”shesaid.“Nofinalconclusioncouldbemadebeforethispotentialgeneticeffectaretested.Andyettherebeingcurrentlynostandardaroundtheamountofinputchildrenshouldreceive,caregiversshouldnotnecessarilyfeelpressuretotalkmoretotheirchildren.”21．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedwords“takehomemessage”inparagraph2?A．Process. B．Reason. C．Point. D．Consequence.22．Whatsurprisestheteam?A．Thefindingforthe30montholds. B．Thefindingforthe6montholds.C．Howtheinputhelpnervecellsgrow. D．Howtheinputhelpstructurethemyelin.23．Whatdoestheresearchersthinkofadultspeech?A．Itispositivelyrelatedtomyelin. B．Itcutsbacksomeofthecellgrowth.C．Itseffectvarieswiththesizeofbrains. D．Itishelpfulforbothgroups’languageability.24．WhatmightDr.SaloniKrishnanapproveof?A．Theteamshoulddomoreresearch. B．Inheritedgenesdecidelanguageability.C．Parentsmusttalkmoretotheirkids. D．Theconcentrationofmyelinmakesnosense.【答案】21．C22．B23．D24．A【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要介紹了一個研究團隊的發(fā)現(xiàn)（多跟孩子交流有助于孩子的大腦發(fā)育，尤其是語言方面）和其他專家就該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表的言論。21．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞“is,absolutelytalkingtoyourkids.It’sliterallyshapingthestructureofthebrain”可知，Prof.JohnP.Spencer認為重點是跟孩子交流；這確實能夠影響孩子大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)育，故劃線詞意思是“重點”。故選C項。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theteamfind,forthe30montholds,largeramountsofadultspeechareassociatedwithhigherquantitiesofmyelininlanguagerelatedpathwaysinthebrain;however,forthe6montholds,itgoestheoppositeway.(研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于30個月大的嬰兒來說，更多的成人語言與大腦中語言相關(guān)通路中更多的髓磷脂有關(guān);然而，對于6個月大的嬰兒來說，情況正好相反)”以及第四段“Whilethelatter(后者)isunexpected,Spencerpointsoutonepossiblefactor:thebrain’sstageofdevelopment.(雖然后者出乎意料，但斯賓塞指出了一個可能的因素:大腦的發(fā)育階段)”可知，使這個研究團隊吃驚的是第三段中提到的對六個月大的嬰兒的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選B項。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第一句“Theresearchersconcludeadultspeechissignificantforbothagegroupsandthatthemoreadultspeechchildrengothrough,themoresensitivetheywillbetolanguage”可知，研究人員得出結(jié)論：父母的言語對六個月大和三十個月大的孩子都很重要；并且孩子所接收的父母的言語越多，孩子們?nèi)蘸髮φZ言就會越敏感，故選D項。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句