2022年高考英語真題和模擬題分類匯編專題08閱讀理解七選五

專題08閱讀理解七選五一、2022年高考真題（2022年全國甲卷）ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(禮節(jié))mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.___36___.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.___37___.HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.___38___,insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile,youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.PeopleinThailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.MakingRequests___39___.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.___40___,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal（2022年全國乙卷）Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain（保持）long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（聯(lián)系）andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.36·Moreisn'talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy（共情）38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·39Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don'trelyontechnologyalone40,butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.RememberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind3.(2022年全國高考新高考I卷)FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”O(jiān)nereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread:“__36___”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.___37___Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmediabutitprobablywon’tresultinausefulresponse.___38___Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.___39___Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.___40___Overtimebothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.4.（2022年1月浙江卷）Ihavethesame24hoursinadayasyoudo,butIhavemadespecificchoicethatallowmetomakethemostofeverydayandstillfeelhappyandrelaxed.____11____Pickthemostimportant.____12____Focusonspendingtimethatforyouisfunandproductive.IchosethelifeofanadviserbecauseIliketoworkwithcompanies,butdon'twantthelifeofabigcompanyCEO.MychoicesarebasedonthelifestyleIwant.Combineyouractivities.Manypeoplegocrazytryingtofigureouthowtospendtimewithfriendsfamily,work,play,etc.____13____Findwaystoenjoytheminacombinedmanner.Buildyoursociallifearoundpeopleyourworkenvironment.Findpeopleinyourcompanywhosharecommoninterestsanddevelopyourcareer(職業(yè))aroundthepeopleandactivitiesyoulove.____14____Youwouldthinklearningtakesmoretimefromyou,butactuallytherearealwaysnewwaysofdoingthingsthatcansaveyoutimeondailytasks,freeingyouupforthemostimportant.Alwaysbelookingforanewwaytogainbackanhourhereorthere.Lightenup.Theworldwon'tcometoanendinmostcasesjustbecauseyouleftafewthingsundone.Celebrateprogressandkeeprefining(改進(jìn))towardahappyproductiveexistence.____15____Everycompletionisasmallvictorythataddsupinabigway.A.Speedup.B.Beanactivelearner.C.Stoptryingtobalancetimebetweenthemall.D.Makechoicesaboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.E.Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreaterjoy.F.Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.G.Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.二、2022屆模擬題Passage1（2022·湖南湘潭·三模）HowtoRespondwhenSomeoneJudgesYouDealingwithjudgmentfromotherpeoplecanbetough,especiallywhenit’scomingfromafriend,familymember,orcolleague.Judgmentalpeopleareunavoidable,butyoucaneasilydealwiththeircriticismusingpositivityandcompassion.Ridyourselfofthejudgment.Rememberthatajudgmentalperson’swordsareareflectionoftheirownbeliefs-andnotyours.Criticalpeoplecriticizethemselvesmorethananyoneelse.____1____.Besympathetic.Practicesympathytounderstandthesourceofthisperson’sjudgment.Itcouldbethattheywerejudgedbyparents,family,orfriends,inwhichcasethisperson’scriticalattitudewouldbesomethingtheylearned(andnotnecessarilyintentional).Whilethatdoesn’texcusetheirbehavior,havingsympathycaninformyourresponse.Saythingslike“____2____,”or“Iseewhereyou’recomingfrom,but…”whenyourespondtosomeone’sjudgment.Askforclarification.____3____.Askthispersontoexplainwhattheysaid,andfindouttheirmotivationforsayingit.Youcouldaskthen,“Whatareyoutryingtosay?Ifyouhaveconstructivecriticism,I’mopentohearingit.”Thatway,you’regivingtheotherpersonagentleremindertophrasetheirwordsconstructively.____4____.Bepolitebutfirmwhenyoucalloutjudgmentalpeople.Ifsomebodycrossesalineandmakesyoufeelcriticized,tellthemhowyoufeel.Ifsomeoneisgivingyoucriticismyoudidn’taskfor,youcouldsay,“____5____,andIhaveaplanthatworksforme.”A．StoptalkinglikethisB．SetboundariesintheconversationC．IunderstandwhyyoufeelthatwayD．IfeellikeIneedtodealwiththisinmywayE．IknowyouwanttotalkbutthisisasensitivesubjectformeF．Judgmentalpeoplemaynotknowthey’rebeingrudeorunreasonableG．Sothejudgmenttheypassisn’tactuallyaboutyou,thoughitcanfeelpersonalPassage2（2022·四川·石室中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）Haveyoueverdonesomethingthatyoudidn’treallywanttodo,justbecauseotherpeopleweredoingit?____6____.Whenwedothis,we’renotbeingtruetoourselves.Whatisbeingtruetoyourself?Beingtruetoyourselfmeanslisteningtoyourownthoughtsandfeelings.____7____,thenbeingtruetoyourselfmightmeansayingnotofriendswhowantyoutoplay.Orifthere’sagamethatyourfriendsaredoingthatyoudon’tenjoy,thenbeingtruetoyourselfmightmeandoingsomethingelseinstead.Beingtruetoyourselfiswhenyouractionsmatchhowyoureallyfeel.____8____Whenwekeepdoingthingswedon’tlikeandignoreourthoughtsandfeelings,itcanmakeusfeeluncomfortable,worriedorsad.NaomiRichards,achildren’slifecoachsaid,“Childrenneedtobeawareofwhotheyare.Ifchildrenhavethisself-awarenessthentheyaremorelikelynottocompromisewhentheyarewithotherpeople.____9____,andtheywillhavehealthyself-esteem.”Self-esteemishowyoufeelaboutyourself.HowcanIbetruetomyself?____10____,andbeingokwithsayingno.Richardsexplains,“Youcanbetruetoyourselfbylearninghowtosay‘no’andstickingbyyourbeliefs.”However,sheaddsthatbeingtruetoyourselfisalsoaboutbeinghonestwithyourselfandwhatyouwantandneed.A．Ifyou’refreeandhavenothingtodoB．AllofusfeelpressuretofitinattimesC．Whendoyouneedtobetruetoyourself?D．Whyisitimportanttobetruetoyourself?E．Ifyouwantsometimealone,torelaxorreadabookF．Theywon’tbeinfluencedtodothingstheyknowarewrongG．OnepartofbeingtruetoyourselfisinhowyouspeaktootherpeoplePassage3（2022·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·二模）Weallknowatleastonepersonshowsconfidenceandgrace(優(yōu)雅)withoutworkingatit.____11____,makesuretoavoidthefollowingcommonbody-languageerrors.Slouching(佝背)Slouchingisahugeno-no.____12____.Itmaybecausedbyourhabitofsittinginfrontofcomputersforlongperiods,butassoonasyougetupfromyourchair,it’stimetostraightenoutthatback.Trysquaringoutyourchestslightlywhilekeepingyourshouldersback.WeakHandshakingIt’sprogrammedinour.mindstoconsidersomebodywithaweakhandshakeasuntrustworthy.Unfortunately,there’snowayaroundit—youeitherhaveafirmhandshakeandappeartrustworthyoryoudon’t.It’snotagoodideatohaveacrushing(太用力的)handshake,either.____13____RollingYourEyesThisistheclassicwayofshowingdiscomfortoranger.____14____,butyourpartnerwilldefinitelyfeeloffendedbyyourwayoflettingthemknowwhattheysaidisn’tworthasecondthought.Leaning(傾斜)Back____15____.Itshowsthatyou’renotthreatening.However,there’safinelinebetweenleaningbackrightandleaningbackwrong.Ifdoneincorrectly,you’llappeartobeuninterestedinwhatyourpartnerhastosay.It’sbettertoplayitsafeandkeepastraightback.A．SotrytostandstraightB．IfyouwantyourbodytomakethesameimpressionC．SittingbackwardabitcanbegoodforyourconversationD．AllculturesaredifferentintermsofpropersocialconductE．Butit’soneofthemostcommonlymadebody-languageerrorsF．ItcanfeelgoodtorespondtoasillystatementbyrollingyoureyesG．YoucanrespondwithsimilaramountofpressurethatyourshakingpartnergivesPassage4（2022·貴州·一模）Ifyou’reachronicprocrastinator(慢性拖延者),you’refamiliarwiththepainandstressthatgoeshandinhandwithleavingthingstothelastminute.Evenifyouwanttoaccomplishorfinishatask,you’reprobablyhavingtroublegettingstartedinthefirstplace!____16____.Startyourdaywiththehardesttasks.Makeyourselfaplaninthemorningandpickthehardesttaskfirst.You’llbemostenergizedinthemorningonceyou’veeatenbreakfastandwokenupfully.____17____.You’llfeelbetteronceit’sdone,andthenyoucanmoveontoafeweasiertasksfortherestoftheday.____18____.Itcanbeastonishingtothinkaboutfinishingawholeessayorgettingthroughanentireweek’sworthoftasks.Insteadofthinkingabouteverythingyouhavetodolikeonebigbarrier,breakitalldownintotinypieces.You’llbeabletogetstartedonthesmallestcrumbandgoforwardfromthere.Tackleyourmostimportanttaskfor15minutes.Insteadofthinkingaboutthetotalnumberofhoursyou’reabouttoworkfor,juststart.____19____.Thiswilldealwiththefearfactor,andyou'lllikelyspendmuchlongerthan15minutesonyourtaskbeforeyoustopworkingagain.Promiseyourselfyou’llgetarewardwhenit’sdone.You’reprobablyscaredofthenexthowevermanyhoursyouneedtofinishthistask.Justtellyourselfthatwhenit’sover,yougettocelebratewithoneofyourfavoritethings.____20____A．Writeato-dolisttosetgoalsfirst.B．Breaktasksdownintosmallparts.C．Thereareseveralwaysthatcanhelpyou.D．Stoppunishingyourselfforprocrastinating.E．Tellyourselfyou’veonlygottodoitfor15minutes.F．Handleyourhardestthingonyourschedulerightthen.G．Usethatexpectationtopushyourselfthroughthepain.Passage5（2022·江蘇南通·二模）Teaiscurrentlytheworld'smostpopulardrink,onlyafterwater.However,therewasatimewhenteawasknownonlytotheChinese.___21___Andhowdiditgettoconquertheworldtotheextentthatpeopleoftendescribesomethingtheyreallylikeastheir“Cupoftea?”WhileweknowthatteadrinkstartedinChina,itstrueoriginremainssomethingofamystery.Legendhasitthatabout5,000yearsago,Shennongcameacrossteawhendriedleavesblewintoapotofboilingwater.Followinghisdiscovery,teawasusedasmedicine,includedinmealsandlaterofferedasarefreshingdrinktoofficialsandnoblemen.___22______23___overtheyears,asteadrinkingbecameanimportantpartofChina'srichculture.ThegreatTangpoetDuFudescribedhistea-drinkingexperienceinpoeticlanguage.LuYu,ateamaster,wroteTheClassicofTea,whichremainstheearliestandmostfamousdetailedstudyonteaintheworld.Itisthennotsurprisingthatthebeautyofteawaseventuallyrevealedtoawiderworld.___24___Porterscarryingback-breakingloadsofteabricksmadetheirwaythroughdangeroussnow-coveredmountainpasses,totradeSichuanandYunnanteaforhorses:___25___AsearlyastheTangDynasty,JapanesemonkscametostudyinChinaandtookwiththemteaseedsandtea-makingcustomswhenreturningtoJapan.Aroundthe1600s,teawasshippedtoEuropefromChinabyPortugueseandDutchseatraders.A．So,howdidteaoriginateinChina?B．Buthowwasteaintroducedoverseas?C．Teabecamethemainthemeinancientpoems,D．Theloveofteainspiredmanypeopletowriteaboutit,E．Overtime,thegiftofteawasfurtherdeliveredtoWesternAsiaandEasternAfrica.F．Eventually,itbecameacommondrinkenjoyedandembracedbyallChinesepeople.G．TangandSongDynastiesneededstrongTibetanhorses,theTeaHorseRoadwasborn.Passage6（2022·北京順義·二模）Whenyouneedtofindasolutiontoadesignproblem,youcouldaskyourself,“Whatanimalsorplantsfaceasimilarproblemintheirlives,andhowdotheyhandleit?”____26____Termites(白蟻)inAfricacontrolthetemperatureandaircurrentsintheirnestsbyhavingthickwallsandairspacesinthetoppart.TheEastgateCentreinHarare,Zimbabwewasdesignedinasimilarway,withthickoverhangsshadingthewindows,andalltheofficesconnectedtoabigchimneylettinghotairescape.Thisallowsittostaycoolwhileusingmuchlessair-conditioning.____27____EngineerNakatsualsoaskedhimselfthesamequestion.____28____Akeenbirdwatcher,Nakatsurealisedthatkingfishersalsoexperienceanabruptpressurechangewhendivingintothewater,buttheirbeaksallowthemtopiercethroughthewatersmoothly.Histeamfoundthatputtingalong,pointednoseonthetraingreatlyreducedtheloudboomsinthetunnelandallowedittorunfaster.Havingabigpictureoftheworldweliveinalsohelpsusunderstandhowtechnologycanbeusedtoprotectinsteadofdestroyit.____29____Ontheotherhand,plasticpackagingcreatesalotofwasteandpollution.Onecompanyhascomeupwithanalternativematerialmadeofcomhuskwasteandsomebigcompaniesarestartingtouseit.____30____Nakatsuworriesthatchildrentodaydonothavetheopportunitytotouchandfeelnature.Headvisesthatstudentsinuniversityshouldstudymorethanonenarrowfieldsothattheydonotjusthaveonefixedwayofthinking.A．Innature,everythinggetsrecycled.B．Tomimic(模仿)nature,wemustbefamiliarwithit.C．Itturnsoutthatnaturalbeautyoftenhasalogicalreasonbehindit.D．Largecitiesfullofpeopleareoftencomparedtoants’colonies(群).E．Thisideawasusedtoarrangehundredsofmirrorsatasolarpowerplant.F．ItcouldbeagoodsolutionforthehotandcrowdedcitiesinSoutheastAsiatoo.G．Hisproblemwasthatthepressurefromabullettrainrushingintoatunnelathighspeedcausedloudnoises.Passage7（2022·廣東佛山·二模）UnderstandingYourFeelingsHelpsYouNameAndTame(馴服)ThemWeallexperiencevariousfeelingsallthetime.Someofthemfeelgreat,somefeelunpleasant,andit’shelpfultobeabletorecognizeandunderstandhowyou’refeelingsoyouknowhowtodealwithit.____31____Theycanincludeanger,sadness,worry,lonelinessandshame,aswellassurprise,happiness,courageandhope,amongmanyothers.____32____Allfeelingsaretheretobefeltandsomecanbemoreuncomfortablethanothers.It’sOKandnaturaltoexperiencedifferentemotions–andthatincludesemotionsthatmightnotfeelnice.Todealwithyourfeelingsyouneedtorecognizewhattheyare.____33____Areyourfistsclenched(攥緊)?Doesitseemlikethere’saknotinyourstomach?Next,payattentiontowhatyou’rethinkingatthistime.____34____Orareyouthinkingthatyoureallydon’twanttodosomething?Onceyouhaveidentifiedhowyou’refeeling,youcanlabelitbysaying,forexample,“I’mfeelingangry”or“I’mfeelinglonely”.Youcanunderstandadifficultfeelingandhelpyourselftohandleit.____35____Ifyou’reupsetaboutadifficultfeeling,like“I’mfeelingangry”,youmightcounttotentocalmdown.Perhapsyounotice“I’mfeelingnervous”,andyoumighttalktosomeoneaboutit.Thepersonyoutalktomaybeabletogiveyoureassurance,moreinformation,adifferentpointofview,orevenhelpyoutakeactiontodealwiththecauseofyourdifficultfeeling.A．Expertscallthis“nameittotameit”.B．Howcanyoudealwithdifferentfeelings?C．Perhapsyouhavethethought,“It’snotfair”.D．Feelingsarehowpeopleexperienceemotions.E．Firstofall,noticewhat’sgoingonwithyourbody.F．Theyareshownthroughvariousbodymovements,tobeginwith.G．Feelingsaresometimeslabelledasgoodorbadbutthatisn’thelpful.Passage8（2022·廣東廣州·一模）Howdoesitfeelwhenyousolveyourproblembyyourself?Thingsmaynotalwaysgoasplanned,butbeingresourcefulcanhelpyoustaycalmandworkyourwayoutoftrickysituations.Beingresourcefulmeansfindingsmartandcreativewaystosolveaproblem,usingwhateverresourcesyouhaveatthetime.____36____Theycanalsobeanythingelsethat’suseful,suchasinformation,adviceoryourownexperience.Italsomeanstrustingyourinstincts,theabilityyou’rebornwith,ratherthanthroughtrainingandbeingconfidentaboutyourabilitytofacechallenges.Aresourcefulpersonisnottheonegettingcrossorpanickingwhensomethinggoeswrong.They’rethinkingabouthowtosolvetheproblem._____37_____whenwelearntoproblemsolveforourselvesratherthanimmediatelygoingtoothersforhelp,itcanhelptobuildourconfidence,helpusfeelmoreindependent,andfeelbetteraboutmakingdecisions.Beingresourcefulmaynothelpyouavoidproblems,butthinkingcreativelyabouthowyoucandealwiththemwillmakeyoufeellessstressedandmorepreparednexttime._____38_____Thiscanboostself-esteem,thatis,howyoufeelaboutyourself.Whenyou’refacingachallenge,trytofocusontheactualproblemratherthanhowyoufeelaboutit.Thinkaboutwhereandwhenithappenedandwhatthecausesare.Next,thinkupasmanysolutionstotheproblemasyoucan.____39____Finally,reviewwhathasandhasn’tworked,soyou’reequippedtodealwithasituationnexttime.Andremember,ifyouhaveatrickyproblemthatyou’reunabletosolve,thenaskatrustedadultforhelp.

____40____A．Youalsolearnwhatyou’regoodat.B．Hereishowyoucanbemoreresourceful.C．Thesemaybepracticalthingslikepensandpaper.D．Nooneisexpectedtosolveallproblemsbythemselves.E．Resourcefulnessisaskillthat’sgoodforyouinlotsofways.F．Theycanbefamousmottosthatalwaysinspireustomoveon.G．Weighupwhat’sgoodandbadabouteachoneandchoosethebest.專題08閱讀理解七選五一、2022年高考真題（2022年全國甲卷）ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(禮節(jié))mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.___36___.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.___37___.HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.___38___,insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile,youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.PeopleinThailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.MakingRequests___39___.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.___40___,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文介紹了不同國家的餐桌禮儀。36.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOut(外出就餐時要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介紹的是外出就餐時應(yīng)該知道的重要事情。由此可知，D項“Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurant(不要在餐館犯尷尬的錯誤)”符合語境，其中“atarestaurant”對應(yīng)標(biāo)題中的“WhenDiningOut”，同時引起下文“Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.(知道一些技巧將有助于確保你和朋友或家人一起享受一頓愉快的晚餐——無論你在世界的哪個地方)”。故選D。37.【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“ChopstickRules”可知，本段主要講述的是使用筷子的規(guī)則。根據(jù)上文“Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.(當(dāng)你在吃的間隙把它們放下來的時候，一定要把它們放在一起，這樣它們就和你面前的桌子邊緣平行了)”可知，此處講述了正確使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F(xiàn)項“Neverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethem(不要把它們筆直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它們時交叉放置)”講述的也是使用筷子時的注意事項，符合此處語境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故選F。38.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“HandsorUtensils(餐具)”可知，本段主要講述的是手和餐具的問題。根據(jù)上文“InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.(在印度和中東，用左手吃飯被認(rèn)為是非常不禮貌的。法國人希望你每只手拿一個餐具吃飯)”及下文“insteadpreferringtousetheirhands(相反更愿意使用他們的雙手)”可知，此處在講述不同國家就餐時習(xí)慣使用哪只手的問題。由此可知，C項“Mexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensils(墨西哥人認(rèn)為用餐具吃飯是不合適的)”符合語境，與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C。39.【答案】G【解析】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“MakingRequests”可知，本段主要講述的是用餐時提請求的問題。根據(jù)下文“InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.(在葡萄牙，這將是一個嚴(yán)重的錯誤，因為這向廚師表明你不喜歡他們的調(diào)味技巧。同樣，在意大利，永遠(yuǎn)不要要求在食物中添加額外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些國家，用餐時提出要求是很無禮的。由此可知，G項“Itmayseemlikesimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal(吃飯時要鹽和胡椒看似很簡單)”符合此處語境，其中“request”是關(guān)鍵詞，說明，在用餐時提出一些我們看來很平常的要求在某些國家是無禮的。故選G。40.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)下文“themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.(你就會對它的外國文化習(xí)俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此處指在一個國家待得越久，就會越習(xí)慣當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗，且此處是“the+比較級，the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，B項“Themoretimeyouspendinanygivencountry(你在某個國家待的時間越長)”符合文意，引出下文。故選B。（2022年全國乙卷）Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain（保持）long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（聯(lián)系）andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.36·Moreisn'talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy（共情）38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·39Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don'trelyontechnologyalone40,butlong-distancefriends