2024年全國碩士研究生考試《英語一》模擬試卷一

2024年全國碩士研究生考試《英語一》模擬試卷一

[問答題]1.根據(jù)下面資料，回答46-50題

COVID-19packs(江南博哥)itspunchlargelythrough

uncertainty.Iftheviruswerevisibletooureyes,wecouldhave

avoideditandconductedtherestofourbusinessasusual.It'snot

onlythatwecannotseethevirusitself,butthatwealsodon'tsee

itssymptomsinsomeofthepeoplewhomightinfectus.Andso,we

takesevereprecautions.(46)[Weavoidinteractionswithuninfected

peoplewhoposenorisktous,andwerefrainfromactivitiesthat

wouldhaveletoureconomyremainafloatandperhapsevencontinueto

prosper].Westayputwhenapoisonousinsectisnearby,simply

becausewecannotseeit.InAlbertCamus'bookThePlague,a

life-threateningdiseaseprovidesavividillustrationofour

existentialreality.Weknowthatwewilldieonedaybutcannot

prepareforitsincewehavenowayofforecastingwhenitwill

happen.Existentialuncertaintiesextendbeyondourprivatelivesinto

thesocietalarena.(47)[Onemightnaivelyassumethat

fundamentaluncertaintiesinourlivesmerelyreflectlackof

information;andthatbytracingthemissinginformation,wewouldbe

abletoclearthefogoftheunknown].However,quantummechanics,

whichlaysthefoundationforourphysicalreality,impliesthat

thereisalimittotheclaritywecanhopetoachieve.This

impliesthatevenifweretrieveallavailableinformationthrougha

perfectexperiment,wewouldstillbeunabletoforecastthefuture

oftheelectrondeterministically.Traditionally,ourlifewasshaped

bymassiveobjects,suchasthecarwedrivein,forwhich

Heisenberg,suncertaintyisentirelynegligible.(48)[Butwiththe

adventofinformationtechnology,artificialintelligenceandquantum

computing,thequantumwor1dmayendupshapingmedicaldecisionsin

lifeanddeathsituations].Thebedrockofrealityisprobabilistic.We

canonlyassignlikelihoodstodifferentoutcomes.Contraryto

AlbertEinstein'slettertoMaxBornin1926,wenowknowthat

naturedoesplaysdice.Thereisalwayssomeprobabilitythatwemight

dieafterbeinginfectedbyCOVID-19.Thoseattendingpoolparties

withoutsocialdistancingplayRussianroulette.Mostofthemwill

survive,butsomewilldie.Ofcourse,medicalpreconditionscould

stronglyaffectrareoutcomeslikedeathfromCOVID-19.Eventsinreal

lifeoftenstemfromaconfluenceofmanycauses,makingthem

difficulttodecipher.Onlyunderspecialcircumstancesisitpossible

toidentifyunambiguouslythemaincauseofaphenomenon.(49)[This

isthereasonbehindcontrolledscientificexperiments,whichoffer

theopportunitytoisolateoneinfluenceatatimeinthequestfor

betterunderstanding].Whendataarescarce,theperceptionofthe

scientificcommunitycanchangeconsiderably.RecentRNAsequencingof

virusmutationsrevealedthatthepathofCOVID-19infections

throughouttheUnitedStateswasverydifferentthanpreviously

thought.Butevenwhenalotofdataarecollected,ourabilityto

comprehenditstruemeaninglimitsthereliabilityofour

forecast.TheMayancultureassembledavastamountofastronomical

dataovermanycenturiesandcorrelatedtheirskyimageswithhuman

historyforthepoliticalbenefitofforecastingtheoutcomeof

wars.Thecurrentpurposeofscienceistorelatecausestoeffectsin

areproduciblefashionwithoutwishfulthinkingorprejudice.(50)

[Astronomyeducatesusthatthemotionsofplanetsandstarshave

nothingtodowithhumanactions,andgeneticsenlightensusthat

humanabilitieshavenothingtodowithskincolor].

提交答案

[問答題]2.Directions:

Writealettertothelocalnewspaper,commentingonthecurrent

movementof“trashclassification^^andprovidingsomesuggestions.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Don'twritetheaddress.Don,tsignyourownnameattheendofthe

letter.Use“LiMing“instead.(10points)

提交答案

[問答題]3.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyour

essay,youshould

1)describethepicturebriefly,

2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

追兩R兔子的人，曜今一無所獲

提交答案

共享題干題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答「20題。

Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyof

theseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral1thatmemories

simplydecaywithtime,“forgetting“mightnotbeabadthing—that

isaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay2aformof

learning.Thescientists3thenewtheorysuggestthat

changesinourabilitytoaccess4memoriesarebasedon

environmentalfeedbackandpredictability.5beingabug,

forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,6itto

interactdynamicallywiththeenvironment.Inachangingworld

liketheoneweandmanyother7livein,forgettingsome

memoriescanbebeneficial8thiscanleadtomore

9behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedin

circumstancesthatarenotwholly10tothecurrentenvironment,

forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.

So,11,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememories

while12othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesat

the13oflostinformation,butagrowing14ofresearch

indicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis15altered

memoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.Memoriesarestoredin

groupsofneuronscalled“engramcells“andsuccessfulrecallof

thesememories16thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical

17ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbe

reactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthe

specificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan'tberecalled.It'sas

ifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan'trememberthecode

to18it.Importantly,naturalforgetting^isreversible

incertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenatural

forgetting19arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly

20engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.

［單選題］1.第1題答案是

A.principle

B.assumption

C.response

D.excuse

Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyof

theseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral1thatmemories

simplydecaywithtime,“forgetting“mightnotbeabadthing一that

isaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay2aformof

learning.Thescientists3thenewtheorysuggestthat

changesinourabilitytoaccess4memoriesarebasedon

environmentalfeedbackandpredictability.5beingabug,

forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,6itto

interactdynamicallywiththeenvironment.Inachangingworld

liketheoneweandmanyother7livein,forgettingsome

memoriescanbebeneficial8thiscanleadtomore

9behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedin

circumstancesthatarenotwholly10tothecurrentenvironment,

forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.

So,11,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememories

while12othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesat

the13oflostinformation,butagrowing14ofresearch

indicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis15altered

memoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.Memoriesarestoredin

groupsofneuronscalled“engramcells“andsuccessfulrecallof

thesememories16thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical

17ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbe

reactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthe

specificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan,tberecalled.It'sas

ifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan'trememberthecode

to18it.Importantly,unaturalforgetting“isreversible

incertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenatural

forgetting19arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly

20engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.

［單選題］2.第6題答案是

A.prohibiting

B.forcing

C.reminding

D.allowing

Wecreatecountlessmemoriesaswe1iveourlivesbutmanyof

theseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral1thatmemories

simplydecaywithtime,“forgetting“mightnotbeabadthing—that

isaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay2aformof

learning.Thescientists3thenewtheorysuggestthat

changesinourabilitytoaccess4memoriesarebasedon

environmentalfeedbackandpredictability.5beingabug,

forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,6itto

interactdynamicallywiththeenvironment.Inachangingworld

liketheoneweandmanyother7livein,forgettingsome

memoriescanbebeneficial8thiscanleadtomore

9behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedin

circumstancesthatarenotwholly10tothecurrentenvironment,

forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.

So,11,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememories

while12othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesat

the13oflostinformation,butagrowing14ofresearch

indicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis15altered

memoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.Memoriesarestoredin

groupsofneuronscalledaengramcells“andsuccessfulrecallof

thesememories16thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical

17ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbe

reactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthe

specificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan,tberecalled.It'sas

ifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan,trememberthecode

to18it.Importantly,“naturalforgetting“isreversible

incertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenatural

forgetting19arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly

20engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.

［單選題］3.第9題答案是

A.flexible

B.informed

C.volatile

D.disruptive

Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyof

theseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral1thatmemories

simplydecaywithtime,“forgetting“mightnotbeabadthing—that

isaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay2aformof

learning.Thescientists3thenewtheorysuggestthat

changesinourabilitytoaccess4memoriesarebasedon

environmentalfeedbackandpredictability.5beingabug,

forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,6itto

interactdynamicallywiththeenvironment.Inachangingworld

liketheoneweandmanyother7livein,forgettingsome

memoriescanbebeneficial8thiscanleadtomore

9behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedin

circumstancesthatarenotwholly10tothecurrentenvironment,

forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.

So,11,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememories

while12othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesat

the13oflostinformation,butagrowing14ofresearch

indicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis15altered

memoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.Memoriesarestoredin

groupsofneuronscalled“engramcells“andsuccessfulrecallof

thesememories16thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical

17ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbe

reactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthe

specificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan,tberecalled.It'sas

ifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan'trememberthecode

to18it.Importantly,“naturalforgetting“isreversible

incertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenatural

forgetting19arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly

20engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.

［單選題］4.第8題答案是

A.though

B.as

C.unless

D.until

Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyof

theseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral1thatmemories

simplydecaywithtime,“forgetting“mightnotbeabadthing一that

isaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay2aformof

learning.Thescientists3thenewtheorysuggestthat

changesinourabilitytoaccess4memoriesarebasedon

environmentalfeedbackandpredictability.5beingabug,

forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,6itto

interactdynamicallywiththeenvironment.Inachangingworld

liketheoneweandmanyother7livein,forgettingsome

memoriescanbebeneficial8thiscanleadtomore

9behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedin

circumstancesthatarenotwholly10tothecurrentenvironment,

forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.

So,11,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememories

while12othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesat

the13oflostinformation,butagrowing14ofresearch

indicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis15altered

memoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.Memoriesarestoredin

groupsofneuronscalled“engramcells“andsuccessfulrecallof

thesememories16thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical

17ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbe

reactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthe

specificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan'tberecalled.It'sas

ifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan'trememberthecode

to18it.Importantly,“naturalforgetting“isreversible

incertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenatural

forgetting19arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly

20engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.

［單選題］5.第7題答案是

A.nationalities

B.organisms

C.institutions

D.respondents

Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyof

theseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral1thatmemories

simplydecaywithtime,“forgetting“mightnotbeabadthing—that

isaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay2aformof

learning.Thescientists3thenewtheorysuggestthat

changesinourabilitytoaccess4memoriesarebasedon

environmentalfeedbackandpredictability.5beingabug,

forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,6itto

interactdynamicallywiththeenvironment.Inachangingworld

liketheoneweandmanyother7livein,forgettingsome

memoriescanbebeneficial8thiscanleadtomore

9behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedin

circumstancesthatarenotwholly10tothecurrentenvironment,

forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.

So,11,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememories

while12othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesat

the13oflostinformation,butagrowing14ofresearch

indicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis15altered

memoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.Memoriesarestoredin

groupsofneuronscalled“engramcells“andsuccessfulrecallof

thesememories16thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical

17ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbe

reactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthe

specificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan'tberecalled.It'sas

ifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan'trememberthecode

to18it.Importantly,unaturalforgetting“isreversible

incertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenatural

forgetting19arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly

20engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.

［單選題］6.第5題答案是

A.Regardlessof

B.Asfor

C.Ratherthan

D.Asidefrom

Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyof

theseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral1thatmemories

simplydecaywithtime,“forgetting“mightnotbeabadthing—that

isaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay2aformof

learning.Thescientists3thenewtheorysuggestthat

changesinourabilitytoaccess4memoriesarebasedon

environmentalfeedbackandpredictability.5beingabug,

forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,6itto

interactdynamicallywiththeenvironment.Inachangingworld

liketheoneweandmanyother7livein,forgettingsome

memoriescanbebeneficial8thiscanleadtomore

9behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedin

circumstancesthatarenotwholly10tothecurrentenvironment,

forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.

So,11,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememories

while12othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesat

the13oflostinformation,butagrowing14ofresearch

indicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis15altered

memoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.Memoriesarestoredin

groupsofneuronscalledaengramcells“andsuccessfulrecallof

thesememories16thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical

17ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbe

reactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthe

specificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan,tberecalled.It'sas

ifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan,trememberthecode

to18it.Importantly,unaturalforgetting“isreversible

incertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenatural

forgetting19arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly

20engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.

［單選題］7.第4題答案是

A.specific

B.traumatic

C.working

D.distant

B.D項代入文中分別指向“痛苦回憶”“遙遠回憶”，但通過全文可知，“遺

忘”并不是由于某類記憶痛苦或間隔時間久。

C項代入文中指“工作記憶”，這是一種對信息進行暫時加工和貯存的容量有限

的記憶系統(tǒng)，顯然并非本文探討的對象。

Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyof

theseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral1thatmemories

simplydecaywithtime,“forgetting“mightnotbeabadthing—that

isaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay2aformof

learning.Thescientists3thenewtheorysuggestthat

changesinourabilitytoaccess4memoriesarebasedon

environmentalfeedbackandpredictability.5beingabug,

forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,6itto

interactdynamicallywiththeenvironment.Inachangingworld

liketheoneweandmanyother7livein,forgettingsome

memoriescanbebeneficial8thiscanleadtomore

9behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedin

circumstancesthatarenotwholly10tothecurrentenvironment,

forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.

So,11,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememories

while12othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesat

the13oflostinformation,butagrowing14ofresearch

indicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis15altered

memoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.Memoriesarestoredin

groupsofneuronscalledaengramcells“andsuccessfulrecallof

thesememories16thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical

17ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbe

reactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthe

specificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan'tberecalled.It'sas

ifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan,trememberthecode

to18it.Importantly,unaturalforgetting“isreversible

incertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenatural

forgetting19arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly

20engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.

［單選題］8.第3題答案是

A.under

B.around

C.against

D.behind

Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyof

theseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral1thatmemories

simplydecaywithtime,“forgetting“mightnotbeabadthing—that

isaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay2aformof

learning.Thescientists3thenewtheorysuggestthat

changesinourabilitytoaccess4memoriesarebasedon

environmentalfeedbackandpredictability.5beingabug,

forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,6itto

interactdynamicallywiththeenvironment.Inachangingworld

liketheoneweandmanyother7livein,forgettingsome

memoriescanbebeneficial8thiscanleadtomore

9behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedin

circumstancesthatarenotwholly10tothecurrentenvironment,

forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.

So,11,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememories

while12othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesat

the13oflostinformation,butagrowing14ofresearch

indicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis15altered

memoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.Memoriesarestoredin

groupsofneuronscalled“engramcells“andsuccessfulrecallof

thesememories16thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical

17ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbe

reactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthe

specificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan'tberecalled.It'sas

ifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan'trememberthecode

to18it.Importantly,unaturalforgetting“