專(zhuān)題06 閱讀理解新聞報(bào)道10篇+議論文10篇(?？己妙}20篇)(學(xué)生版)

專(zhuān)題06閱讀理解新聞報(bào)道10篇+議論文10篇(模考好題20篇)一、概述1.新聞報(bào)道題目設(shè)置靈活多樣，通常以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，兼顧猜測(cè)詞義、句意題及目的意圖題和主旨大意題。標(biāo)題是對(duì)新聞報(bào)道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命題者考慮設(shè)題的重點(diǎn)。(1)考查新聞事件的六要素，題型主要為細(xì)節(jié)題。(2)考查對(duì)新聞事件的觀點(diǎn)，題型主要為觀點(diǎn)推斷題。(3)考查語(yǔ)篇銜接，推斷某一特定詞或者短語(yǔ)的指代內(nèi)容，題型主要為指代、推斷題。(4)概括主旨，題型主要為主題歸納題。2.議論文議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表見(jiàn)解或提出主張的說(shuō)理性文章，主要是就某一主題，在擺出正反兩方面觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)論證、推理、辯論等手段，試圖讓讀者最終接受作者對(duì)這一主題的某種觀點(diǎn)。議論文都是由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證這三個(gè)要素構(gòu)成的，這也是一個(gè)提出問(wèn)題—分析問(wèn)題—解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程。

它的語(yǔ)言自然、客觀、抽象、概括。二、技巧點(diǎn)撥1.新聞報(bào)道:知事抓導(dǎo)語(yǔ)。導(dǎo)語(yǔ)位于新聞報(bào)道的首段，高度概括新聞事實(shí)，5W(When，Where,Who，What，Why)包括其中。因此，抓導(dǎo)語(yǔ)便對(duì)新聞事件有了大體把握，對(duì)做閱讀理解試題而言就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。欲知詳情，讀新聞背景和主體。新聞背景交待新聞事實(shí)的起因，主體則對(duì)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)概括的新聞事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述。探求結(jié)果到結(jié)尾。結(jié)尾往往是新聞事件的結(jié)果或動(dòng)態(tài)展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常與新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)，命題者也樂(lè)于在此設(shè)題。2.議論文(1)把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意(2)把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度議論文往往體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)某一事物的觀點(diǎn)，而作者的觀點(diǎn)就是文章的論點(diǎn)?？忌盐兆髡叩挠^點(diǎn)，把握作者對(duì)某一事物是褒還是貶，是贊成還是反對(duì)，而通常把握了作者的觀點(diǎn)也就找準(zhǔn)了文章的論點(diǎn)。(3)結(jié)合論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)，找出正確選項(xiàng)一般說(shuō)來(lái)，能說(shuō)明論據(jù)主要內(nèi)容的答案可以在論點(diǎn)里得到印證，而論點(diǎn)里的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，使論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)形成相輔相成的關(guān)系，因而整個(gè)文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾，論據(jù)與論點(diǎn)相反，最后的結(jié)論與論點(diǎn)相矛盾，那么我們就要重新回過(guò)頭來(lái)理順文章的各個(gè)部分，直到清楚為止，這樣才能選出正確答案。(4)通篇閱讀，圍繞主題(論點(diǎn))推敲有疑問(wèn)的題目，并最終確定答案。逐題按照文章的內(nèi)容及語(yǔ)境選擇完畢后，一篇完整的文章便呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，此時(shí)，要注意一定要通讀全文，以驗(yàn)證個(gè)別題目的答案是否與主題偏離，以求更高的準(zhǔn)確度。模擬演練01新聞報(bào)道Passage1(2024屆江蘇省蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三下學(xué)期二模)Deforestatio--byclear-cuttingorwildfires--hasmassiveconsequencesbothonclimateandhealth.ButleavingreforestationtoMotherNaturecantakedecades,particularlyasdisastrouswildfiresareincreasinginfrequencyandintensity.Andthetime,costandlaborinvolvedmakestraditionalmethodsoftreeplantingnotaspracticalastheyoncewere.BryceJonesknowshowharditistoreplantforests.Forfourmonthsin2013,heworkedasatreeplanterthroughoutCanada.“There’snotechnologythere,”hesays.“Theonlywayyoucanaccomplishreforestationisthroughtheair.”Butitwasn’tuntil2019thathehitontheonethathethoughthadpotential:usedrones(無(wú)人機(jī))tofirespeciallydesignedseedpods(莢)intotheground-at10timesthenormaltemperatureandcosting20percentlessthantraditionalmethods.HeproposedtheideatohisbrotherandFlashForcerwasborn.Hisfirstgoalwastoplantabilliontreesby2025.Theteamtookoutaloan,boughtadroneandused3DprintersatJones’sschooltomakecastsofthepods.Now,onlytwoandahalfyearslater,thecompanyhasagroupofdroneswitheachabletocarryseveralthousandpodsperflight.Threeoperatorsworkinafield,controllingfivedrones,whoseflighttake15to20minutes.FlashForcer’sbigdrawisitsseedpod,whichcontainseverythingseedlings(幼苗)needtosurvivesurvival.Anditstechnologyallowsthemtoreachpost-burnsitesorremoteareasthataredifficultfortraditionaltreeplanting.Therearechallengeseveryday,Jonessays,astheyworktoimprovetheengineering,hardware,softwareandseed-podrecipes.Thentherearethechallengespresentedbytheclimate--thisyear,recordtemperatures,recordwildfiresanddrought.“Thatwassomethingthatwastotallyoutofourcontrol,”hesays.Unlikesometraditionalformsofreforestation,FlashForcerisfocusedonbiodiversity.ForJones,thetargetofplantingabilliontreesby2025isjustthebeginning.“Ihaveadreamthatthecompanywillplantonsixcontinents——everywherewhereourtechnologyisneeded,”hesays.1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph1?A.Thebenefitsofreforestation.B.ThepowerofAImachines.C.Thewayofputtingoutwildfires.D.Thenecessityofusingnewplantingmethods.2.WhatcontributestotheparticularappealofFlashForest?A.Itsdroneoperators. B.Thefrequentflights.C.Itsseedpod. D.Thelowcostofseedlings.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph4referto?A.Extremeweather. B.Dronetechnology.C.3Dequipment. D.Computersoftware.4.WhatcanweinferaboutFlashForestfromthelastparagraph?A.Itchangeditsfocusinthepast.B.Itwillachieveitsfinaltargetin2025.C.Itmightbeavailableworldwideoneday.D.Ithasreplacedtraditionalformsofreforestation.Passage2(2024·河北滄州·一模)Supermarkets,conservationistsandfarminggroupshaveshowntheirconcernsaboutpollutionoftheWye,oneoftheUK’slongestrivers.“ThepollutionpressuresupontheWyeareunacceptableandtherewasstrongenthusiasmforcooperativeactiontoresolvetheproblem.”saidCraigBennett,headoftheWildlifeTrusts.Thepollutionreferredlargelytorunoffofthenutrient-richwastematterproducedbythe20million-pluschickensneartheriver.Bennettsaid:“Wediscussedhow,iftheWyewereaschoolorahospital,wewouldbecallingforittobeplacedinto‘specialmeasures’.Weagreedthesamelevelofurgencymustbeapplied.”IncreasingconcernledthelocalgovernmenttoholdadiscussioninMay,whentheypromisedtopublishaplanfortheWyebytheautumn.However,thelocalgovernment’spushontheriverwasmarredinJunewhentheDepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairspublishedaWyevideoshowingseaotters(海獺)ratherthantheriver’slocalEuropeanotters.ThepollutionoftheWyewasnotmentionedatall.InJulyBennetthostedaWyeroundtableinPowys,Wales,bringingtogetherlocalgroups,theEnvironmentAgency,thechickenproduceAvaraFoodsr,regionalbranchesoftheNationalFarmersUnionandlocalauthorities.Theyagreedonaplanthatincludedcuttingthenutrientpollution“throughareductioninanimalnumbers”andothermeasures.BennettalsowrotetoJulieJames,theWelshClimateChangeMinister,whosaid,“IshareyourconcernforthehealthoftheRiverWyeandotherWelshrivers.”Asupermarketchainsaidtheyarecommittedtoprotectingtheriverandengagingwiththeirchickensupplierstotacklewaterpollution.Theyhavedetailedmanagementplanstomakesuretheirsuppliersarefarmingwithcarefortheenvironment.Agovernmentspokesmansaid:“Weareofferingawiderangeofsupporttofarmerstospeeduptheirtransitiontomoresustainablepracticesandhelpprotectthisimportantsite.”1.WhydoesBennettcomparetheWyewithaschoolorahospital?A.Tocallforurgentmeasures. B.Tostresstheimpactsoftheriver.C.Toshowtheimportanceoftheriver. D.Tourgepeopletoprotecttheenvironment.2.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“marred”inParagraph4?A.Destroyed. B.Boosted C.Perfected. D.Emphasized.3.Whatisagreedonattheroundtable?A.Makingacarefulplan. B.Reducinganimalnumbers.C.Arousingpeople’sawareness. D.Askingthegovernmentformoney.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SeaOttersAreunderAttackforPossiblePollutionB.CooperatedEffortsAreMadetoProtecttheWyeC.PeopleAreHavingMoreEnvironmentalAwarenessD.MoreMeasuresShouldBeTakentoPreventAirPollutionPassage3(2024·浙江嘉興·二模)Meatcultivated(培植)fromcells—withnoneedtoraiseandkillanimals—isnowareality.Theprocessofcultivatingmeatusesthebasicelementsneededtobuildmuscleandfatandenablesthesamebiologicalprocessthathappensinsideananimal.Cultivatedmeatisidenticaltoconventionalmeatatthecellularlevel.Butcanitbemadecheaplyenoughtoreplaceanimalagriculture?Morethan150startupsarepursuinganambitiousgoal:meatthatdoesn’trequireraisingandkillinganimalsandthatisaffordableandtastesandfeelslikethemeatweeatnow.Theyarepartofayoungindustryaimingtousecellbiologytoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftheworld’sever-increasingdemandformeatandchangeglobalproteinproductionthewayelectriccarsareshakinguptheautoindustry.“Weareaddictedtomeatasaspecies.It’spartofourculture,”saidBelieverfounderYaakovNahmias.But“wethoughtaboutquantityratherthantheenvironment,ratherthansustainability.”Althoughtherearedozensofcompaniesmakingthismeat,nonehaveyetreachedcommercial-levelproductionintermsofscaleorcost.Fromcelllinedevelopmenttobio-processordesign,thereareanumberofscientificchallengestomeetbeforecultivatedmeatiswidelyavailableatthemarket.Governmentpolicyisanotherchallenge.OnlySingaporeandtheU.S.allowsalesofcultivatedmeat.Andwhilemanypeoplewhohavetrieditsaytheylikeit,othersfindtheideadistasteful.ArecentsurveyfromTheAssociatedPress-NORCCenterforPublicAffairsResearchfoundthathalfofU.S.adultswouldbeunlikelytotryit.Whentheywereaskedwhy,abouthalfsaidtheydidn’tthinkitwouldbesafe.EvenNahmias’10-year-oldsonOrensaidhewouldonlyeattraditionalmeat.“Ifeelbad”fortheanimals,hesaid,“buttheyareyummy!”“Untilthismeatcostsandtastesthesameastraditionalmeat,itwillremainaspecializedproduct,”saidBruceFriedrich,presidentoftheGoodFoodInstitute.1.Whydoesthewriteraskaquestioninthefirstparagraph?A.Toindicateanopinion. B.Topresentaworry.C.Tomakeanassumption. D.Tostartadiscussion.2.Whatdoesthecultivatedmeatindustryaimtodo?A.Studycellbiology. B.Providesustainableprotein.C.Endworldhunger. D.Helpthetraditionalfoodindustry.3.Whatcanweinferaboutcultivatedmeat?A.Itisunripeformassproduction. B.Itisaspopularastraditionalmeat.C.Itissaferthantraditionalmeat. D.Itiscompetitiveinpriceandquantity.4.WhatisBruceFriedrich’sattitudetothefutureofcultivatedmeat?A.Enthusiastic. B.Dismissive. C.Unclear. D.Reserved.Passage4(2024·江蘇南通·模擬預(yù)測(cè))GuangdongDongpoPaper,apapercompanyinGuangdongProvince,China,recentlymadeinternationalheadlinesforreplacingitstraditionalperformance-basedemployeebonusschemewithanotherone.Topromoteahealthylifestyleamongits100employees,managementdecidedtorewardthembasedonhowmuchtheyexercise.Forexample,anemployeewillbeeligibleforafullmonthlybonusiftheyrun50kmamonth.Theywillget60percentofthebonusforrunning40km,and30percentfor30km.Runningenthusiastsmaystandtogetuptoan30%bonusiftheycanprovetheyranover100kminasinglemonth.“Mybusinesscanonlyendureifmyemployeesarehealthy,”saidDongpoPaperboss,LinZhiyong,addingthathespentthelastthreeyearsencouraginghisemployeestoenjoysportsandfitness.Thedistancerunbyeveryemployeeistrackedbyanappontheirphones,whichalsotakesintoaccountactivitieslikemountainhikingandspeedwalking,whichcanaccountfor60and30percentrespectivelyofthetotalexerciserequired.Theprogramhasprovenagreatsuccess,andLinZhiyonghimselfsomewhatofanexerciseenthusiast,claimsthatallemployeesqualifytogetthefullbonus.AccordingtoChinesemedia,DongpoPaperemployeescouldn’tbehappierwiththenewbonusstructure,claimingthatthecompanynowallowsthemto“killtwobirdswithonestone”asthey“cangetbothhealthandmoney.”Butwhilethenewpolicyhasbeengettinggenerallypositivefeedbackonline,somenetizensitcanleadtodiscrimination.“Theintentionofthecompany’spolicyisgoodbutitshouldtakeintoconsiderationanyexistinghealthissuesamongitsemployees,”onepersoncommentedonline,askingwhatthepolicyisforemployeeswhoareatriskofheartattacksorareotherwiseunabletomeetthebonusrequirements.OthersaccusedGuangdongDongpoPaperofputtingitsemployees’healthatriskbysettingveryhighbonusthresholdsforthem.Somenetizensbelievethatemployeescouldruintheirkneesbychasingthesegoals.1.WhydoestheschemeofGuangdongDongpoPaperbecomeahit?A.Itfavorsthosewhoran30kmmost. B.Itdefineswhatahealthylifestyleis.C.Itisbasedonathleticperformances. D.Itistopromoteatraditionallifestyle.2.WhatmayLinZhiyongagreewith?A.Whenworkisapleasure,lifeisjoy.B.Constantdrippingwearsawayastone.C.Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.D.Thehealthofemployeesisthewealthofemployers.3.What’sDongpoPaperemployee’sresponsetowardsthisscheme?A.Cautious. B.Positive.C.Concerned. D.Negative.4.WhatisthemajorconcernontheInternet?A.Theemployee’sphysicalconditions. B.Theimpracticalbonusrequirements.C.Theslimchanceofchasingthegoals. D.Theriskofdevelopingheartdiseases.Passage5(2024·江蘇泰州·一模)NormanLear,ageniusproducerandscreenwriter,passedawayonTuesdayinLosAngelesattheageof101.“Lear’shitcomedyshowschangedtelevisionforever,”saidDarnelHunt,aleadingartistonTV.LeargrewupinanordinaryfamilyinConnecticut,whereanunexpectedaccidentbroughtabouthisfather’sbusinesscollapse.Sohehadtodropoutofcollegeandjoinedthearmy.Inhislate20s,hemovedtoLosAngeleswherehestruggledhardforseveralyears,sellingfurnituredoortodoor.Lateron,unsatisfiedwithhislife,heeventuallyturnedtowritingforanightclubcomedyact.By1971,whenhewasalmost50,Learhadproducedanddirectedsomeshows,amongwhichwasthehitshowAllintheFamily.Inthebeginning,itdidn’tgetontheairsmoothly.However,onceitdid,thisshowmadeittothetop10foreightofitsnineseasons,promisingLear’slifewastochange.ThissuccessfulshowwasjustthebeginningofLear’sdominatingpositionincomedyshows.ThencameTheJeffersons,aboutafamilyonitswayup.Itranforelevenseasons,oneofthelongestrunningcomedyshowsontelevision,becominganothersuccessfulstory.Wheninterviewedaboutthehitofhisshows,Learsaid,“Ourteamreadtwoorthreenewspapersaday,paidalotofattentiontoourfamilies,andcameintotalkabouteverythingthatwasaffectingusinourdailylives.”Therefore,itcameasnosurprisethatviewershadasenseofLear’sownfamilyafterwatchingAllintheFamily.“Routinely,Lear’sshowsmightgetfiftyorsixtymillionviewers.Hewasindirectcontactwiththelivingroomsandfamiliesofthecountry,”saysMartyKaplan,foundingdirectoroftheNormanLearCenter.“Leardideverythingwithhumorandsympathy.”1.WhatcanwelearnaboutLearfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Heledachallenginglifeinhistwenties.B.Hisshowshadlittleimpactontelevision.C.Hisfatherexpectedhimtobeascreenwriter.D.Hereceivedgoodeducationdespitehisfather’sbusinessfailure.2.WhichfactormaycontributetothesuccessofLear’sshows?A.Hisshowsreflectedrealdailylife. B.Hisshowsfeaturedsurpriseendings.C.Hisshowsgoontheairimmediately. D.Hisshowsdominatedthecomedyindustry.3.WhatcanweinferfromMartyKaplan’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Learpromotedhisshowstofamiliesdirectly.B.Learwonwidespreadpopularityforhisshows.C.Learcarriedoutface-to-faceinteractionswithviewers.D.Learalwaysfocusesonthethemesofhumorandsympathy.4.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Acomedyscript. B.Astorycollection.C.Aliteraturereview. D.Anewsreport.Passage6(2024山東聊城高三上·期末)ThisstoryispartofNature’s10,anannuallistproducedbytheworld’sleadingsciencejournalNature,exploringindividualswhocontributedtothekeydevelopmentsinscience.Onthe2023listpublished,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity—ChatGPT,forthefirsttime.ChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhancescientificsearchenginesandidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,whoworksonAIformedicalresearchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.ModelstrainedinsimilarwaysonscientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,perhapsbydesigningnewmoleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.Butwhyincludeacomputerprograminalistofpeoplewhohaveshapedsciencein2023?ChatGPTisnotaperson.Butactually,itandothergenerativeartificial-intelligence(AI)programsarechanginghowscientistswork.TheyhavealsorekindleddebatesaboutthelimitsofAI,thenatureofhumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthetwo.That’swhythisyear’sNature’s10hasanon-humanaddition.Interestingly,Nature’slistalsoincludesoneofitscreators.IlyaSutskever,thechiefscientistandcofounderofOpenAI,theorganizationthatcreatedChatGPT,isoneofthemindsattheforefrontofgenerativeartificialintelligence.Hesawthiscompanyasanopportunitytodevelopgeneralartificialintelligencethatcouldoutperformhumansanddevelopitsownconsciousness.Sutskeverbelievesthatartificialintelligence’spotentialistoogreatformodelstobeavailabletoanyonewhowantstousethem,andhewasamongthefirsttorealizethatthesystemsthatscientistslikehismentor,GeoffreyHinton,hadbeguntodevelopwouldbegintoshowtheiractualcapabilitiesascomputingpowerincreased.Inrecentmonths,hedevotedhiseffortstowardcreatingamethodtodirectandcontrolartificialintelligencesystemsthataremoreintelligentthanhumans.1.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutNature’s10accordingtothepassage?A.Nature’s10iscelebratingthedevelopmentofsciencetechnology.B.OnlyhumanbeingswereelectedasNature’s10before.C.Nature’s10wasstartedin2023forthefirsttime.D.Itwasawardedbythelocalgovernmentyearly.2.Whatisthesecondparagraphabout?A.Experts’opinionsonChatGPT.B.HowChatGPTfunctions.C.TheapplicationofChatGPTinscienceresearch.D.ThepromotionofChatGPT.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrekindledinparagraph3mean?A.Settled. B.Restarted. C.Participated. D.Launched.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeIlyaSutskever’sattitudetowardsChatGPT?A.Confidentandcautious. B.Proudandconcerned.C.Objectiveanddoubtful. D.Enthusiasticandwarning.Passage7(2024·浙江溫州·三模)Theythoughtitwasgoingtobeeasy.Apieceofcake.Theband,Suenalo,wereexcitedthattheywouldpresenttheirskillstoagroupoftroubledyouthatadetentioncenter(少管所).

Theyarrivedattheinvitationofafriend,whowasanadviseratthecenter.Hehadmentionedacareerdaywheremembersofthecommunitycametospeaktotheteensabouttheirjobs.Usuallythespeakerswerebankersorlawyers,sohethoughtitwouldbeinterestingforthekidstomeetsomemusiciansandmaybeevenhearsomemusic.“Theyneedsomethingcooltogettheirattention”wasthepitchfromthefriend.Thekids,about40,werebroughtin,lookingdistant,someevenangry.ChadBernstein,thetromboneplayer,startedtellingthecareerofamusicianfromtouringtocopyrighttothebusinessaspects,tryingtodrawtheirinterest.However,itdidn’t.Sensingthattheycouldn’twin,theband,alittlethrown,decidedtoplayonesong.Withmusicgoing,thekidsseemedtorespond,theirheadsnoddingtothebeat.Oneofthemsangalyric(歌詞).Thebandsangitback.Then,onebyone,themusiciansbeganpickingupthebeat.Chadstartedfreestylingarap,goingbackandforthwiththekid,andinnotime,otherkidsjumpedin.Suddenlythebandandthekidswerecreatingasongfromscratchandallofthemwereinmusicalheaven.ForChad,thatmomentinspiredhimtofoundGuitarsOverGuns,anorganizationthatpairsat-riskmiddle-schoolerswithprofessionalmusicians.Asbothmusicteachersandlifecoaches,themusiciansgivethekidsawaytofindtheircreativevoicesandgetthroughdarktimes.Overtime,thekidshavedroppedtheirtoughfrontsandsharedpersonalstories,fromfamilytragediestoordinarystrugglesatschoolwithfriends.“Sofarwe’vehelpedover2,700students.Ourworkishighlysatisfyingbecauseitshowsusthatamusiccareerismorethanajob,itcanhavemoreimpact,”saysChadBernstein.1.Whydidthebandcometothedetentioncenter?A.Togetattention. B.Todisplayskills. C.Toplantheircareers. D.Tochataboutmusic.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesongcreatedonthespot?A.Itslyricswerefromthekids. B.Chadowneditscopyright.C.Itwascomposedcooperatively. D.Thekidspickedupitsbeat.3.WhatdoesGuitarsOverGunsdotohelpat-riskteens?A.Offerguidanceonlife. B.Givefullschoolinstruction.C.Relatepersonalstories. D.Promoteawarenessofrisks.4.WhatkindofpersonisChadBernstein?A.Disciplined. B.Purposeful. C.Humorous. D.Traditional.Passage8(2024·福建泉州·二模)3MandDiscoveryEducationannouncedSeanJiangfromGilmanSchoolasoneofthetoptenfinalistsfromacrossthenationforthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge.It’sacompetitionthatencouragesstudentstoidentifyaneverydayproblemandsubmitavideoshowingthesciencebehindthesolutionheorshecameupwith.14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.Blindpeoplehadahardtimenavigating(導(dǎo)航)objectsthataremediumtofarrange.SoJiangwantedtodesignsomethingtogivethemaheads-uponobstacles(障礙)thatmaybeincoming.Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.“Ilearnedinschoolthatbatsandwhalesareabletouseecholocation(回聲定位)tohelpthemnavigateandjustusetheirsenseofhearingandIalsosawonYouTubesomeveryskilledblindpeoplethatuseecholocationtohelpthemwalk,”saidJiang.Jiangstartedwithavirtualrealitysettingandthenmadeitareality.Hiscreationusesadepthcamerathatcandetecthowcloseobjectsare,thusgivingenoughtimetododgetheobstacles.Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles’positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.Someothersimilarprogramswerealrightatfindingobjectsthatwereincloserange,butJiangstillwantedtheblindtoexperiencetheworldevenfullersotheywereabletoseestuffthatwasmuchfurtherawaythantheircircleofreach.InOctober,thetoptenfinalistswillcompeteinpersoninMinneapolisforthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”anda$25,000prize.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJiangfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasthechampionofthe20233Mevent.B.Heinventedtechnologytoremoveroadobstacles.C.Hesoughttoassisttheblindinwalkingsmoothly.D.Hedevelopedanewnavigationappforhisschool.2.WhydidJiangmention“echolocation”?A.Toshowthedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Topresentthedifficultiestheblindface.C.Tostressthesignificanceofhearing.D.Toexplaintheinspirationofhisinvention.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dodge”meaninparagraph4?A.Avoid.B.Encounter.C.Challenge.D.Remove.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.3Mfacilitiesintendedfortheblind.B.Ateenusingsoundtohelptheblind.C.Aninventiontocurevisionproblems.D.Acompetitiontoimprovetheblind’slife.Passage9(2024·山東濰坊·一模)OnabrightSeptemberdayintheFrenchAlpsin2022,JohnMcAvoywas38kilometresintoaveryexhaustingultramarathonthroughroughmountainpaths.Battlingtiredness,hepushedhisbodyandmindthroughthefinallegoftherace.WiththefinisharchinthefamoustownofChamonixjustfourkilometresawayandthecloud-toppedpeakofMontBlanchighoverhim,McAvoywelledupwithemotion.Inthatmoment,hefeltsofreeandalive.Itwasquitetheoppositefromwherehislifehadbeenadecadebefore.Hehadjustbeenreleasedfromprisonafterservinga10-yearsentence.Now40yearsold,McAvoyhasspentthelast10yearsrebuildinghislifefromoneofcrimetoonewithpurpose.Itwasonthisday,whilerunningtheultramarathon,thatherealizedhowimpactfulconquering(征服)thismountainruncouldbeforinner-citykidslikehim.Afterall,sporthadhelpedhimliveanormallifeagainandopenuphisworld.Itcoulddothesameforothers.WiththehelpofYouthBeyondBorders,McAvoystartedtheAlpineRunProject,whichrecentlyled12disadvantagedBritishyoungpeoplethroughtheirownMontBlancraces.Theparticipants,fromrefugees(難民)toyoungreformedcriminalsandthosewhogrewupinChildren’shome,werematchedwithcoaches,consultantsandphysiotherapists.Afterasix-monthtrainingprogram,theyouthtravelledtotheAlpstomeetupwithMcAvoyfortheirrace.McAvoysaysthehighlightofthisprojectforhimwaswatchingYasminMahamud,a20-year-oldrefugeefromSyria,runthroughthefinisharchandintothearmsofhernewfriends.Itwasalife-changinghighforMahamud,too-inspiringhertokeeprunning,takeupmartialartsandgotouniversitytostudyphysiotherapy.“Itchangedmypointofviewonlife,saysMahamud.Pushingherselftocompletetheracegaveherabriefexperienceofherownpotentialthroughhardworkanddevotion.”IwillalwaysbethankfultoJohnforgivingmethisopportunityandguidance.1.HowdidMcAvoyfeelbeforethefinisharch?A.Hefelttotallycollapsed. B.Hewaspeacefulandhopeful.C.Hewassatisfiedwithhispace. D.Hefeltasifcompletelyreborn.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMcAvoyfromparagraph3?A.Hewasabuilder10yearsago. B.Herealizedtheimportanceofsport.C.Herantomakeupforhispastwrongs. D.Hehadsympathyfortheinner-citychildren.3.WhomostprobablytookpartintheMontBlancraces?A.Arunningcoach. B.Atravellover. C.Ahomelessteenager. D.Askilledathlete.4.WhatmessagedoesMcAvoy’sstoryconvey?A.Liveforthemoment. B.Dreambigandclimbhigh.C.Afterthestormcomestherainbow. D.Runafterthelightandbecomethelight.Passage10(2024·湖北十堰·模擬預(yù)測(cè))SciencefictionloversinChinahavereasonstofeelinspiredbyChinesewriterHaiYa,whosebookTheSpace-TimePainterwontheHugoAwardforBestNoveletteonOct.21,2023.HaicreatedthestoryinspiredbyapaintingmasterpieceQianliJiangshanTubyWangXimengfromtheSongDynasty,whopaintedtheworkattheageof18.HaicreatedapainternamedZhaoXimeng,whopaintedfortheemperormorethan1,000yearsago.Aftermuchmiseryandsuffering,Zhaoabandonedhisphysicalbodyandenteredaspacewhereamodernpolicemanwasinvestigatingacaseinvolvinganancientpainting.Thestoryrevealsthepoliticalstrugglesbehindthisextraordinarypaintingandfightsofindividualsagainstthetorrentsoftime.PityingonWangwhowassotalentedbuthadsuchashortlife,Haiextendedhislifethroughsci-fi.Haihasimpressedtheworldmostwithhisworkethics.Ratherthanbeingafull-timenovelist,Haitreatswritingasapart-timeactivitytobetakenupwheneverheisnotdoinghisbread-winningjob,somethingthatshouldinspiremoreyoungwriters.Therewasatimewhennoteveryonecouldbea“writer”butnowmoreandmorepeoplearepursuingtheirdreamstobecomewriters.Infact,LiuCixin,whowontheHugoAwardforTheThree-bodyProblemin2015,isalsoapart-timewriter,holdinganengineeringjob.Heencouragesyoungpeopletokeeptheirjobsandwriteiftheyhave