一英語(yǔ)作文范文賞析

一~~~the+~est+名詞+(that)+主詞+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)~~~themost+形容詞+名詞+(that)+主詞+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)例句：HelenisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen.海倫是我所看過(guò)最美麗的女孩。Mr.ChangisthekindestteacherthatIhaveeverhad.張老師是我曾經(jīng)遇到最仁慈的教師。二Nothingis+~~~erthanto+VNothingis+more+形容詞+thanto+V例句：Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation.沒(méi)有比接受教育更重要的事。三~~~cannotemphasizetheimportanceof~~~toomuch.（再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性也不為過(guò)。）例句：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch.我們?cè)僭趺磸?qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過(guò)。四Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V...（不可否認(rèn)的……）例句：Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse.不可否認(rèn)的，我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。五Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~（全世界都知道……）例句：Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous.全世界都知道樹(shù)木對(duì)我們是不可或缺的。六Thereisnodoubtthat+句子~~（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的……）例句：Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的我們的教育制度令人不滿(mǎn)意。七Anadvantageof~~~isthat+句子（……的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是……）例句：Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwon'tcreate(produce)anypollution.使用太陽(yáng)能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不會(huì)制造任何污染。八Thereasonwhy+句子~~~isthat+句子（……的原因是……）例句：Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair.Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycansupplyfreshairforus.我們必須種樹(shù)的原因是它們能供應(yīng)我們新鮮的空氣。九So+形容詞+be+主詞+that+句子（如此……以致于……）例句：Sopreciousistimethatwecan'taffordtowasteit.時(shí)間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費(fèi)它。十Adj+as+Subject（主詞）+be,S+V~~~（雖然……）例句：Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.(bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一點(diǎn)也不)雖然我們的國(guó)家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對(duì)令人不滿(mǎn)意。十一The+~er+S+V,~~~the+~er+S+V~~~The+more+Adj+S+V,~~~the+more+Adj+S+V~~~（愈……愈……）例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.你愈努力，你愈進(jìn)步。Themorebooksweread,themorelearnedwebecome.我們書(shū)讀愈多，我們愈有學(xué)問(wèn)。十二By+Ving,~~can~~（借著……，能夠……）例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy.借著做運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們能夠始終保持健康。十三~~~enable+Object（受詞）+to+V（使……能夠……）例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed.聽(tīng)音樂(lè)使我們能夠感覺(jué)輕松。十四Onnoaccountcanwe+V~~~（我們絕對(duì)不能……）例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.我們絕對(duì)不能忽略知識(shí)的價(jià)值。十五Itistime+S+過(guò)去式（該是……的時(shí)候了）例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems.該是有關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣?lái)解決交通問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。Agreement:主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)上的一致，關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致。Ambiguity:盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語(yǔ)或句子。Brief:文章"簡(jiǎn)為貴"，要抓住要點(diǎn)，簡(jiǎn)明扼要。Coherence:文理通順，前后連貫。Development:主題的發(fā)揮應(yīng)當(dāng)充分、合理、正確。Division:詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當(dāng)，劃分要清楚，避免使用重復(fù)字句和種子片段。Figures:正確合理使用各類(lèi)修辭格式。Inflateddiction:不使用做作的語(yǔ)言。Key:用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)鍵詞突出主題，每段都應(yīng)有主題句。Logical:內(nèi)容要符合邏輯。Message:信息要新鮮、確實(shí)、可信。Omit:合理刪除多余的不必要部分。Proposition:主張、觀(guān)點(diǎn)、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。Punctuation:正確適時(shí)使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。Relevant:文章一定要要題。Sentencepattern:句型要盡量多樣化。Strait:開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，直來(lái)直去。Style:文體恰切，適合內(nèi)容要求。Tense:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要正確、一致、變化合理。Theme:選題得當(dāng)，主題突出

1.增補(bǔ)(Addition)inaddition,furthermore,again,also,besides,moreover,what`smore,similarly,next,finally.2.比較(Comparison)inthesameway,likewise,similarly,equally,incomparison,justas3.對(duì)照(Contrast)whereas,incontrast,ontheotherhand,instead,however,nevertheless,unlike,eventhough,onthecontrary,while4.因果(CauseandEffect)because,becauseof,for,since,dueto,owingto,thanksto,asaresult(of),accordingly,hence,so,thus5.強(qiáng)調(diào)(Emphasis)certainly,aboveall,indeed,ofcourse,surely,actually,asamatteroffact,chiefly,especially,primarily,inparticular,undoubtedly,absolutely,mostimprtant6.讓步(Concession)although,though,afterall,inspiteof,nevertheless,still,provided,whileitistrue....7.例證(Exemplification)forexample,forinstance,thatis,namely,suchas,inotherwords,inthiscase,bywayofillustration.8.總結(jié)(Conclusion)tosumup,toconclude,inaword,inshort,inbrief,allinall,inall,toputitinanutshell,insummary9.推斷(Inference)therefore,asaresult(of),consequently,accordingly,so,otherwise10.時(shí)間和空間(TimeandSpace)afterward,after,first,later,then,soon,outside,near,beyound,above,below,ontheright(left),inthemiddle,opposite,infrontofI.用于文章主題句1.不用說(shuō)?…Itgoeswithoutsayingthat子句=(Itis)needlesstosay(that)子句=Itisobviousthat子句=Obviously,S.+V.例︰不用說(shuō)早睡早起是值得的。Itgoeswithoutsayingthatitpaystokeepearlyhours.2.…是不可能的;無(wú)法…ThereisnoVing=ThereisnowayofVing.=ThereisnopossibilityofVing.=ItisimpossibletoV.=ItisoutofthequestiontoV.=NoonecanV.=WecannotV.例︰不可否認(rèn)的?成功的事業(yè)關(guān)鍵在于健康的身心。Thereisnotdenyingthatsuccessfulbusinessliesinahealthybodyandmind.3.我深信…Iamgreatlyconvinced(that)子句=Iamgreatlyassured(that)子句例︰我深信預(yù)防是于治療。Iamgreatlyconvincedthatpreventionisbetterthancure.4.在各種…之中?…Amongvariouskindsof…,…=Ofallthe…,…例︰在各種運(yùn)動(dòng)中?我尤其喜歡慢跑。Amongvariouskindsofsports,Ilikejogginginparticular.5.…是很容易證明的。Itcanbeeasilyproved(that)子句例︰時(shí)間最珍貴是很容易證明的。Itcanbeeasilyprovedthatnothingismorepreciousthantime.6.…無(wú)論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)…cannotbeoveremphasized例︰交通安全的重要性無(wú)論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。Theimportanceoftrafficsafetycannotbeoveremphasized.7.就我的看法?…；我認(rèn)為…Inmyopinion,…=Tomymind,….=AsfarasIamconcerned,…=Iamoftheopinionthat子句例︰就我的看法?打電動(dòng)玩具既花費(fèi)時(shí)間也有害健康。Inmyopinion,playingvideogamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutisalsoharmfultohealth.8.(A)每個(gè)人都知道…Everyoneknows(that)子句(B)就我所知?…Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned,…例︰就我所知?下列方法對(duì)我?guī)椭艽?。Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned,thefollowingwaysareofgreathelptome.9.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地?…Thereisnodoubt(that)子句例︰毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地?近視在我國(guó)的年輕人中是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。Thereisnodoubtthatnear-sightednessisaseriousproblemamongtheyouthofourcountry.10.根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)?…Accordingtomypersonalexperience,…=Basedonmypersonalexperience,…例︰根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)?微笑已帶給我許多好處。Accordingtomypersonalexperience,smilehasdonemealotofgood.11.在我認(rèn)識(shí)的人當(dāng)中?也許沒(méi)有一個(gè)人比…更值得我尊敬。OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethan…例︰在我認(rèn)識(shí)的人當(dāng)中?也許沒(méi)有一個(gè)人比我的英文老師張老師更值得我尊敬。OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethanMissChang,myEnglishteacher.12.在我的求學(xué)過(guò)程中?我忘不了…Inthecourseofmyschooling.Iwillneverforget…例︰在我的求學(xué)過(guò)程中?我忘不了學(xué)習(xí)英文所遭到的大困難。Inthecourseofmyschooling.IwillneverforgetthegreatdifficultyIencounteredinlearningEnglish.13.(A)隨著人口的增加?…Withtheincrease/growthofthepopulation,…(B)隨著科技的進(jìn)步,…Withtheadvanceofscienceandtechnology,…例︰隨著臺(tái)灣經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展?許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生了。WiththerapiddevelopmentofTaiwan'seconomy,alotofsocialproblemshavecometopass.14.(A)在這信息的年代?…扮演重要的角色。Intheageofinformationandcommunication,…playsanimportantrole.(B)在今日工業(yè)社會(huì)中?…是生命不可或缺的。Intoday'sindustrialsociety,…isindispensabletolife.例︰在這信息的年代?計(jì)算機(jī)扮演非常重要的角色。Inthisageofinformationandcommunication,thecomputerplaysanextremelyimportantrole.15.在討論…?一個(gè)人不得不承認(rèn)…。Indealingwith…,onecannotbutadmit(that)子句例︰在討論未來(lái)的職業(yè)?一個(gè)人不得不承認(rèn)盡早決定未來(lái)的職業(yè)很重要。Indealingwithone'sfuturecareer,onecannotbutadmitthatitisveryimportanttodecideone'sfuturecareerasearlyaspossible.16.世上沒(méi)有什么比…更令我高興。Nothingintheworldcandelightmesomuchas…例︰世上沒(méi)有什么比到快餐店吃漢堡更令我高興。Nothingintheworldcandelightmesomuchashavinghamburgersinfast-foodrestaurants.17.…是必要的ItisnecessarythatS(should)V…是重要的Itisimportant/essentialthatS(should)V…是適當(dāng)?shù)腎tisproperthatS(should)V…是緊急的ItisurgentthatS(should)V例︰我們當(dāng)保持公共場(chǎng)所清潔是應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)?。Itisproperthatwe(should)keepthepublicplacesclean.18.每當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到…?我就忍不住感到興奮。WheneverIhear…,Icannotbutfeelexcited.每當(dāng)我做…?我就忍不住感到悲傷。WheneverIdo…,Icannotbutfeelsad.每當(dāng)我想到…?我就忍不住感到緊張。WheneverIthinkof…,Icannotbutfeelnervous.每當(dāng)我遭遇…?我就忍不住感到害怕。WheneverImeetwith…,Icannotbutfeelfrightened.每當(dāng)我看到…我就忍不住感到驚訝。WheneverIsee…,Icannotbutfeelsurprised.例︰每當(dāng)我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪?我就忍不住感到悲傷。WheneverIthinkofthecleanbrooknearmyhome,Icannotbutfeelsad.=EverytimeIthinkofthecleanbrooknearmyhome,Icannothelpfeelingsad.19.據(jù)說(shuō)…Itissaid(that)子句一般認(rèn)為…Itisthought(that)子句大家都知道…Itisknown(that)子句據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)…Itisreported(that)子句一般預(yù)料…Itisexpected(that)子句一般估計(jì)…Itisestimated(that)子句一般相信…Itisbelieved(that)子句例︰一般相信閱讀增加我們的知識(shí)、擴(kuò)大我們的心胸。Itisbelieved(that)readingincreasesourknowledgeandbroadensourmind.20.…的主要理由是…Themainreasonwhy…..is(that)子句例︰青少年犯罪的主要理由是社會(huì)環(huán)境日一敗壞。Themainreasonwhythejuvenilescommitcrimesisthatsocialenvironmentisbecomingworse.21.俗語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好：「…」。Wellgoesanoldsaying,"…"=Asanoldsayinggoes(runs,says),"…"=Anoldsayinggoes,"…"=It'sanoldsaying(that)子句例︰俗話(huà)說(shuō)得好：「誠(chéng)實(shí)為上策」。Asanoldsayinggoes,"Honestyisthebestpolicy."22.(A)…用下列方法……inthefollowingways.(B)…有三個(gè)主要理由。…forthreemajorreasons.(C)要…?至少我們可做三件事。To…,thereareatleastthreethingswecando.例︰(A)我用下列方法增加信心。Iincreasemyconfidenceinthefollowingways.(B)人們學(xué)外語(yǔ)有三個(gè)理由。Peoplelearnaforeignlanguageforthreemajorreasons.(C)為了維護(hù)健康?我們每天至少可做三件事。Tokeephealthy,thereareatleastthreethingswecandoeveryday.II.用于文章承轉(zhuǎn)句23.那就是(說(shuō))…；亦即…Thatistosay,…=Thatis,…=Namely,…例︰我們生活需有規(guī)律。也就是說(shuō)?早睡早起?戒除煙酒。Weneedtolivearegularlife.Thatis,wecankeepgoodhoursandrefrainfromsmokinganddrinkinginthedailyactivities.24.(A)基于這個(gè)理由?…Forthisreason,…(B)為了這個(gè)目的?…Forthispurpose,…例︰基于這個(gè)理由?我已決定把行醫(yī)作為未來(lái)的職業(yè)。Forthisreason,Ihavedecidedtotakepracticingmedicineasmyfuturecareer.25.我們有理由相信…Wehavereasonstobelieve(that)子句例︰我們有理由相信體罰應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格禁止。Wehavereasonstobelievethatcorporalpunishmentshouldbestrictlyprohibited.26.事實(shí)上?…Asamatteroffact,…=Infact,…例︰事實(shí)上?健康才是最重要。Asamatteroffact,itishealththatcounts.27.(A)例如?…Forexample,…(B)拿…做例子Take…forexample.例︰例如?我們盲目地提高生活水準(zhǔn)?卻降低生活品質(zhì)。Forexample,weelevatethelivingstandardsblindly,butlowerthequalityoflife.28.此外?我們不應(yīng)忽視…Besides(Inaddition),weshouldnotneglect…例︰此外?我們不應(yīng)忽視每個(gè)人都想要一個(gè)溫馨祥和的社會(huì)。Inaddition,weshouldnotneglectthateveryonewantsafriendlyandpeacefulsociety.29.相反地?…onthecontrary,…=bycontrast,…例︰相反地?少數(shù)學(xué)生似乎還在鬼混。Onthecontrary,afewstudents,itseems,arestillfoolingaround.30.另一方面?…ontheotherhand,…例︰政府應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法?另一方面?大眾也應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)減少污染的好習(xí)慣。Thegovernmentshouldenforcelawsstrictly.Ontheotherhand,thepublicalsoshoulddevelopthegoodhabitofreducingpollution.31.然而?很可惜的是…However,itisapitythat子句例︰然而?很可惜的是他總是臨時(shí)抱佛腳。However,itisapitythatheshouldalwayscramattheeleventhhour.32.換言之?…inotherwords,…=toputitdifferently例︰換言之?我會(huì)盡最大的努力達(dá)成我的目標(biāo)。Inotherwords,Iwilltrymybesttoattain(gain,liveupto)mygoal.33.別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)?但我不是。我認(rèn)為…Itmaybetrueasassumedbyothers,butIdon't.Ibelievethat子句例︰別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)?但我不是。我認(rèn)為…Itmaybetrueasassumedbyothers,butIdon't.Ibelievethatifyouhavestrongdeterminationandperseverance,thesuccesswillcertainlycometoyouintheend.34.從此之后?我已發(fā)現(xiàn)…Eversincethen,Ihavefoundthat子句例︰從此之后?我已發(fā)現(xiàn)…Eversincethen,Ihavefoundsmilethebestwaytoavoidanypossibleconflictsinourdailylives.35.這樣說(shuō)來(lái)?假如...?當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地…。Inthislight,if…,therecansurelybenodoubt(that)子句例︰這樣說(shuō)來(lái)?假如我們能善用時(shí)間?當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地我們會(huì)成功。Inthislight,ifwecanmakegooduseoftime,therecansurelybenodoubtthatwewillgetsomewhere.36.更嚴(yán)重的是?…。Whatismoreseriousis(that)子句例︰更嚴(yán)重的是?我們不珍惜野生動(dòng)物。Whatismoreseriousisthatwedonotcherishthewildlife.37.鑒于社會(huì)的實(shí)際需要?…。Inviewofthepracticalneedofsociety,….例︰鑒于社會(huì)的實(shí)際需要?愈來(lái)愈多人對(duì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)有興趣。Inviewofthepracticalneedofsociety,therearemoreandmorepeopleinterestedinlearningEnglish.III.用于文章結(jié)論句38.如果能實(shí)踐這三點(diǎn)?…。Ifonecanreallyputthethreepointsintoaction(practice),…例︰如果能實(shí)踐這三點(diǎn)?…。Ifonecanreallyputthethreepointsintoaction(practice),hewillsurelybeabletoliveahealthyandhappylife.39.做這些簡(jiǎn)單之事?我們一定可以…。Bydoingthesesimplethings,wesurelycan….例︰做這些簡(jiǎn)單之事?我們一定可以快樂(lè)出門(mén)平安回家。Bydoingthesesimplethings,wesurelycangooutofthedoorhappilyandcomebackhomesafeeveryday.40.如此?我相信…。Inthisway,Ibelieve(that)子句例︰如此?我相信大家能夠像我一樣?享受乘坐公車(chē)的樂(lè)趣。Inthisway,Ibelievethatallthepeoplemaybeabletoenjoythebusridelikeme.41.實(shí)踐這些?…。Byputtingthem(theabove)intopractice,….例︰實(shí)踐這些?在智育方面我一直能不斷進(jìn)步。Byputtingthem(theabove)intopractice,Ihavebeenabletomakeconstantprogressinintellectualeducation.42.(A)唯有符合此三項(xiàng)要求?我們才能…。Onlybylivinguptothethreerequirements,canwe….(B)唯有通力合作?我們才能…。Onlywithcombinedefforts,canwe….例︰唯有通力合作?我們才能期望臺(tái)灣不久有新的面貌。Onlywithcombinedefforts,canweexpectTaiwantotakeanewfaceinduecourse.43.最后?但并非最不重要?…。Lastbutnoleast,….例︰最后?但并非最不重要?教育上的缺失是助長(zhǎng)青少年犯罪的原因。Lastbutnoleast,theshortcomingineducationisthecausecontributingtojuveniledelinquency.44.這證據(jù)顯示～的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。Thisevidenceshowsthattheimportanceof～cannotbeoveremphasized.例︰這證據(jù)顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。Thisevidenceshowsthattheimportanceoftrafficsafetycannotbeoveremphasized.45.由于這些理由?我…。Forthesereasons,I….例︰由于這些理由?我認(rèn)為在臺(tái)灣接受大學(xué)教育是明智的。Forthesereasons,IthinkthatreceivingcollegeeducationinTaiwaniswise.46.總而言之?…。Inconclusion,…=Tosumup,…例︰總而言之?好國(guó)民應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。Inconclusion,agoodcitizenshouldabidebytrafficregulations.47.因此?我們能下個(gè)結(jié)論?那就是…。Wecan,therefore,cometotheconclusion(that)子句例︰因此?我們能下個(gè)結(jié)論?那就是世上自由罪珍貴。Wecan,therefore,cometotheconclusionthatnothingissopreciousasfreedomintheworld.48.如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地?…。Ifwecandoasmentionedabove,therecanbenodoubt(that)子句例︰如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地?我們就能精通英語(yǔ)。Ifwecandoasmentionedabove,therecanbenodoubtthatwecanmasterEnglish49.因此?這就是…的原因。Thus,thisisthereasonwhy….例︰因此?這就是我重感冒的原因。Thus,thisisthereasonwhyIcaughtabadcold.50.所以?我們應(yīng)該了解…。Therefore,weshouldrealize(that)子句例︰所以?我們應(yīng)該了解學(xué)英文不能沒(méi)有字典。Therefore,weshouldrealizethatinlearningEnglishwecannotdowithoutadictionary.51.因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了…。We,therefore,canmakeclearfromtheabovediscussion(that)子句例︰因此?由上列的討論我們可以明了毅力可以克服任何困難。We,therefore,canmakeclearfromtheabovediscussionthatperseverancecanovercomeanydifficulty.52.1.從～觀(guān)點(diǎn)來(lái)看?…。Fromthe～pointofview,….2.根據(jù)～的看法?…。Accordingto～pointofview,….例︰從政治的觀(guān)點(diǎn)來(lái)看?這是一個(gè)很復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。Fromthepoliticalpoint</DIV<p>

1.詞語(yǔ)選擇的重要性在TheRightWordattheRightTime的“序言”中，編者對(duì)詞語(yǔ)選用的重要性作了一個(gè)很好的比喻：“Usingtherightwordattherighttimeisratherlikewearingappropriateclothingfortheoccasion：itisacourtesytoothers，andafavortoyourself-amatterofpresentingyourselfwellintheeyesoftheworld."顯然，說(shuō)話(huà)或?qū)懳恼聲r(shí)用詞適當(dāng)比穿著適當(dāng)難度大得多，因而也具有更大的重要性。在我國(guó)，古人寫(xiě)文章時(shí)常為一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的選用冥思苦想，因而有“語(yǔ)不驚人死不休”的說(shuō)法。成語(yǔ)“一字值千金”也說(shuō)明了選擇詞語(yǔ)的極端重要性。有時(shí)“一字之差”造成令人遺憾的敗筆，或招致成千上萬(wàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。這些反面的教訓(xùn)也告訴我們必須重視詞語(yǔ)選用的問(wèn)題。2.詞語(yǔ)選擇的可能性實(shí)際上，我們每個(gè)人的腦子里都有了一個(gè)或大或小的詞庫(kù)，只要我們肯去發(fā)掘，往往可以得到更好的表達(dá)方式。這是我們做好詞語(yǔ)選用的主觀(guān)條件。從客觀(guān)條件廣看，我們有各種類(lèi)型的詞典和參考書(shū)，只要我們平時(shí)多翻譯、多閱讀，寫(xiě)作時(shí)勤查考，就會(huì)在詞語(yǔ)選用上不斷進(jìn)步。當(dāng)然，一部好詞典也不會(huì)毫無(wú)缺點(diǎn)，更難以面面俱到，因此在這里我們應(yīng)牢牢記住著名英國(guó)作家、評(píng)論家和辭書(shū)編纂家Johson的話(huà)：Dictionariesarelikewatches:theworstisbetterthannone,andthebestcannotbeexpectedtogoquitetrue.3.詞語(yǔ)選擇的三項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)關(guān)于擇語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，人們說(shuō)法不一，但準(zhǔn)確、鮮明、生動(dòng)三項(xiàng)原則是公認(rèn)的。當(dāng)然，某詞語(yǔ)用得是否符合要求，不可孤立地從詞語(yǔ)本身的含義上著眼，還要看其具體使用場(chǎng)合，包括同其他詞語(yǔ)搭配等。1)擇語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確性準(zhǔn)確性，就是要根據(jù)使用場(chǎng)合選用確切的語(yǔ)言形式，正如有句英語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ)所言：Donotwritesothatyourwordsmaybeundetstood,butwritesothatyourwordsmustbeunderstood.著名美國(guó)作家馬克·吐溫說(shuō)：“用詞準(zhǔn)確與用詞幾乎準(zhǔn)確，這兩者之間的差異就如閃電與螢火蟲(chóng)之間的差異?！?Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmost-rightwordisasgreatasthatbetweenlightingandthelightingbug.)為了擇語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確，必須熟悉詞語(yǔ)的多義性。例如depression對(duì)心理學(xué)家、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家或地質(zhì)學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，含義各不相同：Heisinastateofdeepdepressionasaresultofhissetbacklatestexperiment.Thedepressionfirsthitalmostallthesmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Transportationwasatastandstillcausedbythedepressionsinthehighwaysaftertheearthquakeinthatarea.反之，也常常有幾個(gè)詞語(yǔ)可以表示類(lèi)似的含義，如心理學(xué)上的“depression”也能用melancholia，theblues，thedismalinthedumps，low等詞語(yǔ)表示。要做到準(zhǔn)確選擇，有必要注意詞語(yǔ)的兩種意義：“基本意義”(denotation)和"引申意義"(connotation)。前者指該詞語(yǔ)的本身，或客觀(guān)的固有含義，后者指該詞語(yǔ)在一定搭配或上下句中出現(xiàn)的其他意義，往往比較含蓄，帶有詞語(yǔ)使用者的主觀(guān)態(tài)度或感情色彩。如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思，如顧客問(wèn)營(yíng)業(yè)員：“MayIhavesomethingcheaper?”意思是希望要價(jià)錢(qián)便宜一點(diǎn)的，當(dāng)然并不是說(shuō)質(zhì)量可以不好，但cheap在其他句式或使用場(chǎng)合可引出“低劣”、“平庸”、“吝嗇”、“卑鄙”等多種意思，這類(lèi)意思正是修辭上的“敏感地帶”。選用詞語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確性還表現(xiàn)在區(qū)分表示大體/抽象含義的詞語(yǔ)和表示具體/特定含義的詞語(yǔ)上，需要根據(jù)不同的使用場(chǎng)合做出正確的選擇。抽象含義詞語(yǔ)和具體含義詞語(yǔ)不是兩個(gè)對(duì)立的家族，在一定的條件下可以轉(zhuǎn)化，如labor一詞通常帶抽象含義，但并非一成不變。試比較：A)Honestlaborcreateswealthforthesociety.B)IntheGMcontractdispute,laborseeksafive-centperhourwageincrease.上述A句中l(wèi)abor一詞為抽象含義，泛指各種社會(huì)勞動(dòng)，B句中l(wèi)abor為具體含義，特指WAW，即美國(guó)汽車(chē)、飛機(jī)、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械工人聯(lián)合會(huì)。2)擇語(yǔ)的鮮明度準(zhǔn)確性是鮮明度的前提，也是提高鮮明度的基礎(chǔ)。然而，鮮明與簡(jiǎn)練相關(guān)。英國(guó)文豪莎士比亞的名言“Brevityisthesoulofwit”相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“言貴簡(jiǎn)潔”。我們說(shuō)話(huà)、寫(xiě)文章都要以“言簡(jiǎn)意賅”四字為目標(biāo)，為此，應(yīng)從兩個(gè)方面加以注意：A.在可以運(yùn)用較簡(jiǎn)短的常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)意思時(shí)不要用復(fù)雜而少的詞語(yǔ)，如：dosomethingfor(不用perform，accomplish)，用end／finishaletter(不用terminate，conclude)。B.多余的或轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角的詞語(yǔ)都不利于明白地表達(dá)思想，因而下列短語(yǔ)中加括號(hào)的部分都應(yīng)省去：mutualaid(toeachother)(mutual)aidtoeachother，(anentirely)completeconfidence，repeatthequestion(again)，return(back)fromabroad，etc.3)擇語(yǔ)的生動(dòng)感生動(dòng)感也可以叫做優(yōu)美感(gracefulness)，它是建筑在準(zhǔn)確性和鮮明度的基礎(chǔ)上的，否則，單純追求生動(dòng)或優(yōu)雅，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)辭藻華麗(flowery)而內(nèi)容空洞的文風(fēng)，這是應(yīng)當(dāng)避免的。

I.用于文章主題句

1.不用說(shuō)?…

Itgoeswithoutsayingthat子句

=(Itis)needlesstosay(that)子句

=Itisobviousthat子句

=Obviously,S.+V.

例︰不用說(shuō)早睡早起是值得的。

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatitpaystokeepearlyhours.

2.…是不可能的;無(wú)法…

ThereisnoVing

=ThereisnowayofVing.

=ThereisnopossibilityofVing.

=ItisimpossibletoV.

=ItisoutofthequestiontoV.

=NoonecanV.

=WecannotV.

例︰不可否認(rèn)的?成功的事業(yè)關(guān)鍵在于健康的身心。

Thereisnotdenyingthatsuccessfulbusinessliesinahealthybodyandmind.

3.我深信…

Iamgreatlyconvinced(that)子句

=Iamgreatlyassured(that)子句

例︰我深信預(yù)防是于治療。

Iamgreatlyconvincedthatpreventionisbetterthancure.

4.在各種…之中?…

Amongvariouskindsof…,…

=Ofallthe…,…

例︰在各種運(yùn)動(dòng)中?我尤其喜歡慢跑。

Amongvariouskindsofsports,Ilikejogginginparticular.

5.…是很容易證明的。

Itcanbeeasilyproved(that)子句

例︰時(shí)間最珍貴是很容易證明的。

Itcanbeeasilyprovedthatnothingismorepreciousthantime.

6.…無(wú)論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)

…cannotbeoveremphasized

例︰交通安全的重要性無(wú)論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。

Theimportanceoftrafficsafetycannotbeoveremphasized.

7.就我的看法?…；我認(rèn)為…

Inmyopinion,…

=Tomymind,….

=AsfarasIamconcerned,…

=Iamoftheopinionthat子句

例︰就我的看法?打電動(dòng)玩具既花費(fèi)時(shí)間也有害健康。

Inmyopinion,playingvideogamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutisalsoharmfultohealth.

8.(A)每個(gè)人都知道…

Everyoneknows(that)子句

(B)就我所知?…

Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned,…

例︰就我所知?下列方法對(duì)我?guī)椭艽蟆?/p>

Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned,thefollowingwaysareofgreathelptome.

9.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地?…

Thereisnodoubt(that)子句

例︰毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地?近視在我國(guó)的年輕人中是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。

Thereisnodoubtthatnear-sightednessisaseriousproblemamongtheyouthofourcountry.

10.根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)?…

Accordingtomypersonalexperience,…

=Basedonmypersonalexperience,…

例︰根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)?微笑已帶給我許多好處。

Accordingtomypersonalexperience,smilehasdonemealotofgood.

11.在我認(rèn)識(shí)的人當(dāng)中?也許沒(méi)有一個(gè)人比…更值得我尊敬。

OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethan…

例︰在我認(rèn)識(shí)的人當(dāng)中?也許沒(méi)有一個(gè)人比我的英文老師張老師更值得我尊敬。

OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethanMissChang,myEnglishteacher.

12.在我的求學(xué)過(guò)程中?我忘不了…

Inthecourseofmyschooling.Iwillneverforget…

例︰在我的求學(xué)過(guò)程中?我忘不了學(xué)習(xí)英文所遭到的大困難。

Inthecourseofmyschooling.IwillneverforgetthegreatdifficultyIencounteredinlearningEnglish.

13.(A)隨著人口的增加?…Withtheincrease/growthofthepopulation,…

(B)隨著科技的進(jìn)步,…Withtheadvanceofscienceandtechnology,…

例︰隨著臺(tái)灣經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展?許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生了。

WiththerapiddevelopmentofTaiwan'seconomy,alotofsocialproblemshavecometopass.

14.(A)在這信息的年代?…扮演重要的角色。

Intheageofinformationandcommunication,…playsanimportantrole.

(B)在今日工業(yè)社會(huì)中?…是生命不可或缺的。

Intoday'sindustrialsociety,…isindispensabletolife.

例︰在這信息的年代?計(jì)算機(jī)扮演非常重要的角色。

Inthisageofinformationandcommunication,thecomputerplaysanextremelyimportantrole.

15.在討論…?一個(gè)人不得不承認(rèn)…。

Indealingwith…,onecannotbutadmit(that)子句

例︰在討論未來(lái)的職業(yè)?一個(gè)人不得不承認(rèn)盡早決定未來(lái)的職業(yè)很重要。

Indealingwithone'sfuturecareer,onecannotbutadmitthatitisveryimportanttodecideone'sfuturecareerasearlyaspossible.

16.世上沒(méi)有什么比…更令我高興。

Nothingintheworldcandelightmesomuchas…

例︰世上沒(méi)有什么比到快餐店吃漢堡更令我高興。

Nothingintheworldcandelightmesomuchashavinghamburgersinfast-foodrestaurants.

17.…是必要的ItisnecessarythatS(should)V

…是重要的Itisimportant/essentialthatS(should)V

…是適當(dāng)?shù)腎tisproperthatS(should)V

…是緊急的ItisurgentthatS(should)V

例︰我們當(dāng)保持公共場(chǎng)所清潔是應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

Itisproperthatwe(should)keepthepublicplacesclean.

18.每當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到…?我就忍不住感到興奮。WheneverIhear…,Icannotbutfeelexcited.

每當(dāng)我做…?我就忍不住感到悲傷。WheneverIdo…,Icannotbutfeelsad.

每當(dāng)我想到…?我就忍不住感到緊張。WheneverIthinkof…,Icannotbutfeelnervous.

每當(dāng)我遭遇…?我就忍不住感到害怕。WheneverImeetwith…,Icannotbutfeelfrightened.

每當(dāng)我看到…我就忍不住感到驚訝。WheneverIsee…,Icannotbutfeelsurprised.

例︰每當(dāng)我想到我家附近那一條清澈的小溪?我就忍不住感到悲傷。

WheneverIthinkofthecleanbrooknearmyhome,Icannotbutfeelsad.

=EverytimeIthinkofthecleanbrooknearmyhome,Icannothelpfeelingsad.

19.據(jù)說(shuō)…Itissaid(that)子句

一般認(rèn)為…Itisthought(that)子句

大家都知道…Itisknown(that)子句

據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)…Itisreported(that)子句

一般預(yù)料…Itisexpected(that)子句

一般估計(jì)…Itisestimated(that)子句

一般相信…Itisbelieved(that)子句

例︰一般相信閱讀增加我們的知識(shí)、擴(kuò)大我們的心胸。

Itisbelieved(that)readingincreasesourknowledgeandbroadensourmind.

20.…的主要理由是…

Themainreasonwhy…..is(that)子句

例︰青少年犯罪的主要理由是社會(huì)環(huán)境日一敗壞。

Themainreasonwhythejuvenilescommitcrimesisthatsocialenvironmentisbecomingworse.

21.俗語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好：「…」。

Wellgoesanoldsaying,"…"

=Asanoldsayinggoes(runs,says),"…"

=Anoldsayinggoes,"…"

=It'sanoldsaying(that)子句

例︰俗話(huà)說(shuō)得好：「誠(chéng)實(shí)為上策」。

Asanoldsayinggoes,"Honestyisthebestpolicy."

22.(A)…用下列方法……inthefollowingways.

(B)…有三個(gè)主要理由。…forthreemajorreasons.

(C)要…?至少我們可做三件事。To…,thereareatleastthreethingswecando.

例︰(A)我用下列方法增加信心。

Iincreasemyconfidenceinthefollowingways.

(B)人們學(xué)外語(yǔ)有三個(gè)理由。

Peoplelearnaforeignlanguageforthreemajorreasons.

(C)為了維護(hù)健康?我們每天至少可做三件事。

Tokeephealthy,thereareatleastthreethingswecandoeveryday.

II.用于文章承轉(zhuǎn)句

23.那就是(說(shuō))…；亦即…

Thatistosay,…

=Thatis,…

=Namely,…

例︰我們生活需有規(guī)律。也就是說(shuō)?早睡早起?戒除煙酒。

Weneedtolivearegularlife.Thatis,wecankeepgoodhoursandrefrainfromsmokinganddrinkinginthedailyactivities.

24.(A)基于這個(gè)理由?…Forthisreason,…

(B)為了這個(gè)目的?…Forthispurpose,…

例︰基于這個(gè)理由?我已決定把行醫(yī)作為未來(lái)的職業(yè)。

Forthisreason,Ihavedecidedtotakepracticingmedicineasmyfuturecareer.

25.我們有理由相信…

Wehavereasonstobelieve(that)子句

例︰我們有理由相信體罰應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格禁止。

Wehavereasonstobelievethatcorporalpunishmentshouldbestrictlyprohibited.

26.事實(shí)上?…

Asamatteroffact,…

=Infact,…

例︰事實(shí)上?健康才是最重要。

Asamatteroffact,itishealththatcounts.

27.(A)例如?…Forexample,…

(B)拿…做例子Take…forexample.

例︰例如?我們盲目地提高生活水準(zhǔn)?卻降低生活品質(zhì)。

Forexample,weelevatethelivingstandardsblindly,butlowerthequalityoflife.

28.此外?我們不應(yīng)忽視…

Besides(Inaddition),weshouldnotneglect…

例︰此外?我們不應(yīng)忽視每個(gè)人都想要一個(gè)溫馨祥和的社會(huì)。

Inaddition,weshouldnotneglectthateveryonewantsafriendlyandpeacefulsociety.

29.相反地?…

onthecontrary,…

=bycontrast,…

例︰相反地?少數(shù)學(xué)生似乎還在鬼混。

Onthecontrary,afewstudents,itseems,arestillfoolingaround.

30.另一方面?…

ontheotherhand,…

例︰政府應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法?另一方面?大眾也應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)減少污染的好習(xí)慣。

Thegovernmentshouldenforcelawsstrictly.Ontheotherhand,thepublicalsoshoulddevelopthegoodhabitofreducingpollution.

31.然而?很可惜的是…

However,itisapitythat子句

例︰然而?很可惜的是他總是臨時(shí)抱佛腳。

However,itisapitythatheshouldalwayscramattheeleventhhour.

32.換言之?…

inotherwords,…

=toputitdifferently

例︰換言之?我會(huì)盡最大的努力達(dá)成我的目標(biāo)。

Inotherwords,Iwilltrymybesttoattain(gain,liveupto)mygoal.

33.別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)?但我不是。我認(rèn)為…

Itmaybetrueasassumedbyothers,butIdon't.Ibelievethat子句

例︰別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)?但我不是。我認(rèn)為…

Itmaybetrueasassumedbyothers,butIdon't.Ibelievethatifyouhavestrongdeterminationandperseverance,thesuccesswillcertainlycometoyouintheend.

34.從此之后?我已發(fā)現(xiàn)…

Eversincethen,Ihavefoundthat子句

例︰從此之后?我已發(fā)現(xiàn)…

Eversincethen,Ihavefoundsmilethebestwaytoavoidanypossibleconflictsinourdailylives.

35.這樣說(shuō)來(lái)?假如...?當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地…。

Inthislight,if…,therecansurelybenodoubt(that)子句

例︰這樣說(shuō)來(lái)?假如我們能善用時(shí)間?當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地我們會(huì)成功。

Inthislight,ifwecanmakegooduseoftime,therecansurelybenodoubtthatwewillgetsomewhere.

36.更嚴(yán)重的是?…。

Whatismoreseriousis(that)子句

例︰更嚴(yán)重的是?我們不珍惜野生動(dòng)物。

Whatismoreseriousisthatwedonotcherishthewildlife.

37.鑒于社會(huì)的實(shí)際需要?…。

Inviewofthepracticalneedofsociety,….

例︰鑒于社會(huì)的實(shí)際需要?愈來(lái)愈多人對(duì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)有興趣。

Inviewofthepracticalneedofsociety,therearemoreandmorepeopleinterestedinlearningEnglish.

III.用于文章結(jié)論句

38.如果能實(shí)踐這三點(diǎn)?…。

Ifonecanreallyputthethreepointsintoaction(practice),…

例︰如果能實(shí)踐這三點(diǎn)?…。

Ifonecanreallyputthethreepointsintoaction(practice),hewillsurelybeabletoliveahealthyandhappylife.

39.做這些簡(jiǎn)單之事?我們一定可以…。

Bydoingthesesimplethings,wesurelycan….

例︰做這些簡(jiǎn)單之事?我們一定可以快樂(lè)出門(mén)平安回家。

Bydoingthesesimplethings,wesurelycangooutofthedoorhappilyandcomebackhomesafeeveryday.

40.如此?我相信…。

Inthisway,Ibelieve(that)子句

例︰如此?我相信大家能夠像我一樣?享受乘坐公車(chē)的樂(lè)趣。

Inthisway,Ibelievethatallthepeoplemaybeabletoenjoythebusridelikeme.

41.實(shí)踐這些?…。

Byputtingthem(theabove)intopractice,….

例︰實(shí)踐這些?在智育方面我一直能不斷進(jìn)步。

Byputtingthem(theabove)intopractice,Ihavebeenabletomakeconstantprogressinintellectualeducation.

42.(A)唯有符合此三項(xiàng)要求?我們才能…。

Onlybylivinguptothethreerequirements,canwe….

(B)唯有通力合作?我們才能…。

Onlywithcombinedefforts,canwe….

例︰唯有通力合作?我們才能期望臺(tái)灣不久有新的面貌。

Onlywithcombinedefforts,canweexpectTaiwantotakeanewfaceinduecourse.

43.最后?但并非最不重要?…。

Lastbutnoleast,….

例︰最后?但并非最不重要?教育上的缺失是助長(zhǎng)青少年犯罪的原因。

Lastbutnoleast,theshortcomingineducationisthecausecontributingtojuveniledelinquency.

44.這證據(jù)顯示～的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。

Thisevidenceshowsthattheimportanceof～cannotbeoveremphasized.

例︰這證據(jù)顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。

Thisevidenceshowsthattheimportanceoftrafficsafetycannotbeoveremphasized.

45.由于這些理由?我…。

Forthesereasons,I….

例︰由于這些理由?我認(rèn)為在臺(tái)灣接受大學(xué)教育是明智的。

Forthesereasons,IthinkthatreceivingcollegeeducationinTaiwaniswise.

46.總而言之?…。

Inconclusion,…

=Tosumup,…

例︰總而言之?好國(guó)民應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。

Inconclusion,agoodcitizenshouldabidebytrafficregulations.

47.因此?我們能下個(gè)結(jié)論?那就是…。

Wecan,therefore,cometotheconclusion(that)子句

例︰因此?我們能下個(gè)結(jié)論?那就是世上自由罪珍貴。

Wecan,therefore,cometotheconclusionthatnothingissopreciousasfreedomintheworld.

48.如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地?…。

Ifwecandoasmentionedabove,therecanbenodoubt(that)子句

例︰如果我們能做到如上所述?毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地?我們就能精通英語(yǔ)。

Ifwecandoasmentionedabove,therecanbenodoubtthatwecanmasterEnglish

49.因此?這就是…的原因。

Thus,thisisthereasonwhy….

例︰因此?這就是我重感冒的原因。

Thus,thisisthereasonwhyIcaughtabadcold.

50.所以?我們