定語(yǔ)從句 高三下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)

定語(yǔ)從句01

定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示。定語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)：定語(yǔ)可以分為前置定語(yǔ)或者后置定語(yǔ)a.前置定語(yǔ):用來(lái)修飾名詞放在前面的，叫前置定語(yǔ);前置定語(yǔ)是由形容詞性物主代詞、形容詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞、名詞、量詞、指示代詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。mybookahandsomeboy什么是定語(yǔ)？b.后置定語(yǔ):用來(lái)修飾名詞放在后置的，叫后置定語(yǔ);后置定語(yǔ)可以由介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞所有格(of+名詞)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞定式短語(yǔ)、句子來(lái)充當(dāng)。thestudentsfromSichuan

someoneinwhite什么是定語(yǔ)？在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句,一般也是修飾名詞或代詞的從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞

連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞/連接詞。關(guān)系詞有兩種，一是關(guān)系代詞，二是關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞（作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)）或關(guān)系副詞（作狀語(yǔ)）既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分。什么是定語(yǔ)從句？Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.Themanlivesnexttous.Hesellsvegetables.Theman

（wholivesnexttous

）sellsvegetables.先行詞(從句放置于先行詞之_____，修飾先行詞)關(guān)系詞2.連接作用3.在從句中充當(dāng)成分后1.代替先行詞Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.

Themachinecanfly.關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指,that代指先行詞machine。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是表示人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。關(guān)系代詞有：that,who,whom,which,whoseIsthisafarm?Wevisitedthefarmlastyear.Isthisafarmthat/whichwevisitedlastyear?Davidismyfriend.Ioftenplaytenniswithhim.

Davidthat/who/whomIoftenplaytenniswithismyfriend.I’llneverforgetthosedays.Wespentthedaystogether.

I’llneverforgetthosedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.Thinkandconclude寫(xiě)法：①找出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的共有成分,即重合點(diǎn)；②將從句中的共有成分（重合點(diǎn)）去掉；③用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)剩下的從句，并緊接在被修飾詞（先行詞）之后．Eg:Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatoftencomeshere?(作主語(yǔ))Thegirlwho/that/whomIspoketoismydaughter.(作賓語(yǔ))Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.(作主語(yǔ))Thebookwhich/thatyouboughtformeisveryinteresting.(作賓語(yǔ))

whose既可以指人，也可以指物;在從句中作定語(yǔ)，形式為“whose+名詞”表所屬關(guān)系，即誰(shuí)的.......DoyouknowthesingerwhosenameisWangfeng?(指人）Iliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.（指物）

1.當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí):關(guān)系代詞who和that既可以作主語(yǔ)，又可以作賓語(yǔ)，而且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;2.其中whom只作賓語(yǔ);3.當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí):關(guān)系代詞which和that既可以作主語(yǔ)，又可以作賓語(yǔ)，而且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;4.whose既可以指人，也可以指物;5.that既可以指人，也可以指物。關(guān)系代詞的用法總結(jié)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)。

ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudiedtwoyearsago.我兩年前在這個(gè)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.明天我們將要去聽(tīng)那個(gè)我們經(jīng)常說(shuō)起的歌手的演唱會(huì)。

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系副詞有:why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介詞同關(guān)系代詞搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同關(guān)系代詞搭配)when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.我們?cè)谝黄鸬臅r(shí)候終于來(lái)了where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

BeijingisthecitywhereIwasborn.北京是我的出生地。why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarelate.請(qǐng)告訴我你為什么遲到了。I’llneverforgetthosedays.Wespentthedaystogether.

I’llneverforgetthosedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.Itwasacoldmorning.Ericwasbornonthecoldmoring.

ItwasacoldmorningwhenEricwasborn.Isthisafarm?Wevisitedthefarmlastyear.Isthisafarmthat/whichwevisitedthefarmlastyear?Isthisafarm?Yourparentsstayedandworkedonthefarmlastyear.Isthisafarmwhereyourparentsstayedandworkedlastyear?將下列句子改成定語(yǔ)從句。1.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.2.Hereisthegirl.

Herbrotherworksinthisshop.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Ihavebeentothefactory.Myfatherworksinthefactory.5.Hetoldmethereason.Hedidn'tattendthemeeting.6.Thosedayswillnevercomeback.Youhavewastedthosedays.Thewomanthat/who/whomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow.Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMenSquareIhavebeentothefactorywheremyfatherworks.Hetoldmethereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.Thosedaysthat/whichwillnevercomeback

youhavewasted.定語(yǔ)從句的位置:1.緊跟在先行詞的后面:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.2.定語(yǔ)從句后移/分隔式定語(yǔ)從句Thedaysaregonewhenpeoplesufferedalot.3.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可前移Asweallknow,theearthisround.關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞2.關(guān)系副詞1.指人2.指物3.指某一情況thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首放于句中或句首“正如”whenwherewhy(主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ))(狀語(yǔ))思維導(dǎo)圖定語(yǔ)從句:

關(guān)系代詞(作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3.that不