江西省部分高中學校2023-2024學年高三10月聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

江西省部分高中學校2023-2024學年高三10月聯(lián)考

英語試題

注意事項：

1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改

動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在

本試卷上無效。

3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對話僅

讀一■遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whattimeisitnow?

A.About5:20pm.B.About5:40pm.C.About6:00pm.

【答案】B

【解析】

［原文］M:I'mintrouble.Ihavetogettheseletterstothepostofficebeforeitclosesat6pm,andit'salmost6pm

already.

W:Takeiteasy.Thisclockistwentyminutesfast.

2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Thelanguagetolearn.B.Thefilmtowatch.C.Thecoursetoattend.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Sam,whichoptionalcoursewillyoutakethissemester?

M:Filmstudies,Iguess.ButI'llconsiderFrenchasanalternative.

3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatwillthemandotonight?

A.Stayathome.B.Gotoaclub.C.Attendameeting.

【答案】A

【解析】

［原文］W:Wouldyouliketogototheclubtonight?

M:I'dratherstayathomeandwatchTV.Ihavetogetupearlytoattendameetingtomorrow.

4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inabank.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inastore.

【答案】C

【解析】

［原文］M:Thesetwotieslookverynice.Howmucharethey?

W:Itwasoriginally60poundsforeach,butifyoubuytwo,youwillgetanotheronefree.

M:OK.Iwilltakethree.

5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whydidthemanleavehispreviousjob?

A.Tobecomefamous.B.Tostudyfurther.C.Tofindanewjob.

【答案】B

【解析】

［原文］W:Welcometoourcompany.We'dlikeyoutotellusaboutyourworkexperience.

M:Iworkedatafamouscompanyfortwoyears.

W:Canyoutelluswhyyouleft?

M:IleftbecauseIwentbacktostudyandgetmymaster'sdegree.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項

中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,

各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】

6.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?

A.Anassistant.B.Adoctor.C.Aprofessor.

7.Whenwillthemangotoseethedoctor?

A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.

【答案】6.A7.C

【解析】

［原文］W:Goodmorning.ThisisDoctorWhite'soffice.MayIhelpyou?

M:I'dliketomakeanappointmenttoseethedoctorthisweek.

W:Well,TmafraidheisfullybookedonMondayandTuesday.HowaboutWednesday?

M:IhaveclassesattheuniversityonWednesday.WillThursdaybeOK?

W:Sorry.TmafraidheisfullybookedonThursdaytoo.

M:Friday?

W:Yes!HewillbefreeonFridaythisweekHowaboutFridaymorning?

M:Iprefersometimeintheafternoonifit'spossible.Thankyou!

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

8.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?

A.Abuilding.B.Adesigner.C.Apicture.

9.Whichsubjectdoesthewomanlikebest?

AHistory.B.Music.C.Math.

【答案】8.C9.A

【解析】

［原文］W:Youknow,TveneverseenthepicturesyoutookofNewYork.

M:Didn'tIshowthemtoyouafterIgotback?Well,1havethemwithme.Lookatthisone.

W:Fantastic.Wherewasthistaken?

M:FromthetopoftheWorldTradeCenter.DoyouknowtheStatueofLibertywasdesignedbyaFrenchman?

W:Uh-huh,Bartholdi.ItwasgiventotheUnitedStatesbyFranceonthe100thbirthdayoftheUSindependence.

M:Youknowalotabouthistory.

W:Historyismyfavoritesubject!

M:Oh,Ithoughtyoulikemathbest!Well,lefslookatanotherone.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

10.HowdidAndyfeelwhenhefirstarrivedattheclassroom?

A.Excitedandpleased.B.Anxiousandafraid.C.Embarrassedandannoyed.

11.WhatcanweknowaboutMrPerry?

A.Heisstrict.B.Heisenergetic.C.Heisfunny.

12.Whydidthebellringat12:00?

A.Totellstudentsclassisover.

B.Totellstudentstohavelunch.

C.Toremindstudentstoattendclass.

【答案】1。B11.A12.B

【解析】

［原文］W:Howwasyourfirstdayinthenewschool,Andy?

M:Todayisn'tbad,thoughIarrivedattheclassroomwithanxietyandfear.

W:That'sgreat.Whataboutyourteacher?

M:Oh,doyoumeanMrPerry?Hesaidtomewithasoftvoice,whichcomfortedme.

W:Whatisthedifferencebetweenthenewschoolandtheoldone?

M:MrPerrygaveeachofusapieceofpaperwhichwasabout"courserequirements”.Ihadnevergotthisbefore.

Thenheaskedustochoosetheseatweliked.

W:Yousaidit.MrPerryisalwayskindandstrict.

M:Ithinkthat'sthereasonwhymyparentsaskedmetotravelalongdistancetobeastudentofMrPerry.

W:Itwouldbegoodforyourfuture.Andanyfunnystoriestoday?

M:Yes.Iwentbacktotheclassroomwhenthebellrangat12:00.Butmyteachertoldmeitwasthelunchbell.1felt

embarrassed,youknow.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】

13.WhatdoesthemanthinkofLucy'stakingflyinglessons?

A.Surprising.B.Impractical.C.Interesting.

14.WhatdoesLucyworkas?

A.Apilot.B.Anurse.C.Adoctor.

15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?

A.Teachinacollege.B.Startherownrestaurant.C.TeachanItaliancookingclass.

16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Teacherandstudent.

【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.A

【解析】

【原文】M:Gina,Gina...Gina?Whatareyoudoing?

W:Oh.IwasjustthinkingaboutourconversationwithLucytheothernight.IhopeLucycanfindsomeplacetotake

flyinglessons.

M:Iamsurprised.IhavenoideathatLucyisinterestedinlearninghowtofly.

W:Anddoyouknowshewantstoleaveherjobandgobacktoschool?Shesaysshedoesn'thaveenough

responsibilityasanurse.Shewantstobeadoctor.Ihopeherdreamcomestrue.

M:Metoo.Bytheway,areyoustillthinkingaboutopeninganItalianrestaurant?

W:IwishIcould.ButIcan'tdothatunlessIhavealotofmoney.

M:Iknow.SometimesIwishwe'dwinalotofmoney.Butweneedtobemorerealistic.Whydon'tyouconsider

teachinganItaliancookingclass?You'reagreatcookandyoucoulddoitathome.

W:Frank,that'snotabadidea.Icouldgetmoreexperienceandbuildareputation.Andthen,eventually,Imightbe

abletoteachaneveningclassatoneofthecommunitycolleges.

M:See?Aren'tyougladyoumarriedme?Ihavegoodideassometimes.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

17.Wheredoesthespeakercomefrom?

AAustralia.B.America.C.England.

18.WhatdoEnglishpeoplethinkofAmericans?

A.Humorous.B.Quiet.C.Friendly.

19.WhatdidthespeakerliketodointheafternooninEngland?

A.Enjoyafternoontea.B.Watchcomedyshows.C.Playwithhisfriends.

20.WhatdidthespeakerfindamazinginEngland?

A.TheTVprograms.B.Theoldbuildings.C.Theteashops.

【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.B

【解析】

［原文］M:ThemostunforgettableexperienceI'veeverhad?Well,thatwasthreeyearsagowhenIwasin

college.IspentatermstudyinginLondon.Eventhoughwespeakthesamelanguage.Englishpeopleand

Americansareverydifferent.TheythinkthatweAmericansarefriendlyandthatwehaveastrongdesiretobe

successfulandrich.AndIthinktheBritisharequietandgentle.Ilovethelifestylethere.Goingoutforafternoon

teawasfiin,andIalwaysdidthatwithmyfriends.AndIreallylovetheoldbuildings.Wedon'thaveanythingthat

oldintheUnitedStates,soitisprettyamazing!Bytheway,IalsowenttoAustraliaonce.Thebuildingsthere

aren'tsoattractiveeither.TheBritishalsohaveadifferentsenseofhumor.TheircomedyshowsonTVarereally

funny.Fdliketosaymyexperiencewasapositiveone.Infact.TmsavingupmoneysoIcangobackthereagain.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Theanimalkingdomishometovariouscreatures,someofwhichhavepowerfulabilities.

BoxJellyfish（水母）

FoundmainlyinthewatersofthePacificandIndianOceans,theboxjellyfishisoneofthemostpoisonous

creaturesonEarth.Itsfeelerscandeliveraverypainfulbite,whichcancauseheartfailureandevendeathinhumans.

Duetoitsspecialappearance,itisnoteasytobespottedinthewater,makingitagreatthreattoswimmersanddivers.

SaltwaterCrocodiles（鱷魚）

Knownasthelargestlivingreptile,saltwatercrocodilesarefoundinthecoastalregionsofAsia,Australiaand

America.Thesehugekillerscangrowupto23feetinlengthandhaveextremelypowerfulteethcapableofbreaking

bones.Theyareknownforkillingotheranimalsinthenaturalhabitats.

AfricanElephants

Whilemostelephantsaregenerallypeacefulcreatures,Africanelephantscanbeextremelydangerouswhen

threatened.TheyarethelargestlandanimalsonEarthandlikeeatingtreeleaves.Theycanchargeataspeedofup

to25milesperhourandusetheirlongteethandpowerfultrunkstodefendthemselves.

AfricanBuffaloes

Africanbuffaloesareakindoflargeherbivorousanimalofthecowfamilyfoundinsub-SaharanAfrica.Despite

theirseeminglyquietappearance,theycanbecomeextremelyaggressivewhenthreatened.Theyhavesharphorns

andastrongcharge,makingthemterribleanddangerousanimalstoencounterinthewild.

21.Whatdoweknowabouttheboxjellyfish?

A.Itsbitesareharmless.B.Itsfeelersarenotaggressive.

C.Itisusuallyapeacefulcreature.D.Itiseasytohidefromdetection.

22.Whichofthefollowinganimalsfeedonplants?

A.BoxjellyfishandAfricanbuffaloes.B.Boxjellyfishandsaltwatercrocodiles.

C.AfricanelephantsandAfricanbuffaloes.D.SaltwatercrocodilesandAfricanelephants.

23.Whatdothesefourkindsofanimalshaveincommon?

A.Powerfulteeth.B.Strongattackforce.

C.Quietappearance.D.Identicalnaturalhabitats.

【答案】21.D22.C23.B

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了四種具有強大能力的動物。

【21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BoxJellyfish部分的“Duetoitsspecialappearance,itisnoteasytobespottedinthewater,

makingitagreatthreattoswimmersanddivers.（由于外形特殊，它在水中不易被發(fā)現(xiàn)，對游泳者和潛水員構成

極大威脅）”可知，箱水母因其特殊的外形在水中容易隱藏起來，不易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D項。

【22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AfricanElephants部分的“TheyarethelargestlandanimalsonEarthandlikeeatingtreeleaves.

（它們是地球上最大的陸地動物，喜歡吃樹葉）”和AfricanBuffaloes部分的uAfricanbuffaloesareakindof

largeherbivorousanimalofthecowfamilyfoundinsub-SaharanAfrica.（非洲水牛是在撒哈拉以南的非洲|發(fā)現(xiàn)

的一種大型食草動物）”可知，非洲大象和非洲水牛屬于食草動物。故選C項。

【23題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章開頭的“Theanimalkingdomishometovariouscreatures,someofwhichhavepowerful

abilities.（動物王國是各種生物的家園，其中一些具有強大的能力）"、BoxJellyfish部分的“oneofthemost

poisonouscreaturesonEarlh（地球上毒性最強的生物之一）"、SakwaterCrocodiles部分的“Thesehugekillers

（這些巨型殺手）”、AfricanElephants部分的“extremelydangerous（極其危險的）”和AfricanBuffaloes部分

的“extremelyaggressive（極具攻擊性的）”可知，這四種動物都有很強的攻擊能力。故選B項。

B

ArtistTomCampbellhasexhibitedhisworkatOutlawStudiosatMarinaCommercialPark.Theexhibitionis

Tom'slargestonetodateandincludesaffordableart.Theinteractiveshowismadeupofdrawings,paintings,

sculpturesandliveperformances.Throughouttheexhibition,Tomisworking,givingthepublicanopportunityto

watchinsidehisstudioandhavetheirportraitsdrawn.Peoplecanalsocommissionapieceoftheirchoosing.

WallpaintingispartofTom'soutput.HehascreatedawallpaintingforElectricPicnic,alongwithfourother

artistsinvitedtotakepartinthiscommission.Hiswallpaintinghasaspecialtheme,portrayedbydoves（鴿子）.As

wellashisanti-warstandpoint,heisdoingsomethingmeaningful.Tomisafoundingmemberofatreeplanting

projectcalledTreesPlease.Thegrouphasdistributed10,000treesinaboutfouryearsacrossIreland.

HumourisalsoimportantforTominhisart.Hecantreatheavysubjectswithirony,oftenemployingan

aggressivecombinationoflivelycolorsandanimalswithwistfulexpressionscommunicatingtheimportanceof

respect,peace,understandingandlove.Hehasdonecreativeworkformentalhealthcharities.

Tomwasbornwithaloveforart.Heenjoysplayingmusicalinstrumentsinpublic,liketheviolin.Hegetslots

ofsmilesfrompeople.Healsosingsandhasanonlinechannelfeaturinghissongs,whichareveryimprovised（艮|J興

的）.Allthiscreativityisalifelineforhim,whobelievesthatartisanecessityratherthanaluxury.

Artissomethingeverybodycando.Ifcreativitywasembracedbypeopleinanopenway,itcouldtransform

society.Artcanbringalotofjoy.Everyoneiscreativeandenjoyscreativitywhetherit'smusicorvisualartor

whatever.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutTom'sexhibition?

A.Itistargetedattherich.

B.Ittakesonavarietyofforms.

C.Itisthelargestonethroughoutarthistory.

D.Itoffersanopportunitytopractisedrawing.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutTom?

A.Hissenseofhumorandcreativity.

B.Hisefforttoprotectplantsandanimals.

C.Hisadviceonpaintingandplantingtrees.

D.Hispassionfbrpeaceandtheenvironment.

26.WhatcanwelearnfromTom'simprovisedsongs?

A.Hehascreativetalent.B.Artisaluxury.

C.Arthasnoboundaries.D.Heispopularinpublic.

27.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanthetextprobablyappear?

A.Literature.B.Finance.C.Figure.D.Society.

【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.C

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是藝術家湯姆正在舉辦一場多元化的藝術展覽，在創(chuàng)作中他通過

繪畫表達對于和平的熱愛，通過行動來保護環(huán)境。

【24題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Theinteractiveshowismadeupofdrawings,paintings,sculpturesandlive

performances.（互動表演由素描、油畫、雕塑和現(xiàn)場表演組成。）”可知I,湯姆的畫展形式是多種多樣的。故

選B項。

[25題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Hiswallpaintinghasaspecialtheme,portrayedbydoves（鴿子）.Aswellashis

anti-warstandpoint,heisdoingsomethingmeaningful.Tomisafoundingmemberofatreeplantingprojectcalled

TreesPlease.（他的壁畫有一個特別的主題，畫的是鴿子。除了他的反戰(zhàn)立場，他還在做一些有意義的事

情。湯姆是植樹項目“請植樹”的創(chuàng)始成員。）”可知，湯姆是一個熱愛和平同時也致力于保護環(huán)境的人，

所以文章第二段主要告訴我們的是他對和平和保護環(huán)境的熱愛。故選D項。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Healsosingsandhasanonlinechannelfeaturinghissongs,whicharevery

improvised（即興的）.Allthiscreativityisalifelineforhim,whobelievesthatartisanecessityratherthana

luxury.（他還唱歌，并有一個在線頻道專門播放他即興創(chuàng)作的歌曲。所有這些創(chuàng)意都是他的生命線，他認為

藝術是必需品而不是奢侈品。）”可知，湯姆能即興創(chuàng)作歌曲，這些歌曲體現(xiàn)了他的創(chuàng)意，可得出從湯姆即

興創(chuàng)作的歌曲中可以了解到他的創(chuàng)作天賦。故選A項。

[27題詳解】

推理判斷題?？v觀全文，文章主要講的是藝術家湯姆以及他的多元化的藝術畫展，以及他通過畫展表達對

于和平的熱愛和通過自己的行動來保護環(huán)境的熱情，所以文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在人物專欄里面。故選C項。

C

Humanshavelongknownthatbeinginnatureisgoodforthemindandbody.Fromindigenous（本土的）

adolescentscompletingtheadultceremonyinthewildtomodemEastAsianculturestaking''forestbaths”,many

havelookedtonatureasaplaceforhealingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstillremains.Howcannature

makeit?

Thereisnodoubtthatbeinginnaturereducesthephysiologicalsymptomsofstressinourbodies.Whatthis

meansisthatwearelesslikelytobeanxiousandfearfulinnature,andthereforewecanbemoreopentoother

peopleandcreativepatternsofthought.Also,natureoftenleadstoawe,wonderandrespect,alltheseemotions

facilitatingeverythingfromphysicaltomentalhealth.Thereisalsosomeevidencethatexposuretonatureimpacts

thebrain.Viewingnaturalbeautymakesspecificrewardcircuitsinthebrainassociatedwithdopaminerelease,a

chemicalthatgivesusasenseofpurpose,joyandenergytopursueourgoals.

But,regrettably,peopleseemtobespendinglesstimeoutdoorsandlesstimeinnaturethanbefore.Itisalso

clearthat,inthepast30years,people'slevelsofstressandsenseof"busyness“haverisendramatically.Thesejoint

forceshaveledenvironmentalwriterRichardLouvtocointheterm"NatureDeficitDisorder”—aformofsuffering

thatcomesfromasenseofdisconnectionfromnatureanditspowers.

Perhapsweshouldtakenoteandtryacoursecorrective.The19thcenturyphilosopherRalphWaldoEmerson

oncewroteaboutnature,"ThereIfeelthatnothingcanbefallmeinlife-nodisgrace,nocalamity.^^Thescience

speakstoEmerson'sintuition.It'stimetorealizethatnatureismorethanjustamaterialresource.Ifsalsoa

pathwaytohumanhealthandhappiness.

28.Whyare''indigenousadolescents^^and“modernEastAsiancultures,,mentionedinparagraph1?

A.Toclarifyaviewpoint.B.Toanswerthequestionbelow.

C.Topresentthenaturalscenery.D.Toshowtheculturaldifferences.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“facilitating“inparagraph2mean?

A.Restricting.B.Exposing.C.Promoting.D.Covering.

30.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinwritingparagraph3?

A.Uneasy.B.Indifferent.C.Humorous.D.Proud.

31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.IsItTimetoChallengeYourselfinNature?

B.DoYouKnowNatureIsaMaterialResource?

C.WhyDoWeCareabouttheNaturalEnvironment?

D.WhatCanHappenWhenWeConnectwithNature?

【答案】28.A29.C30.A31.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了接觸大自然的好處：促進身心健康。

【28題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一一段"Humanshavelongknownthatbeinginnatureisgoodforthemindandbody.From

indigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingtheadultceremonyinthewildtomodernEastAsianculturestaking

“forestbaths,*,manyhavelookedtonatureasaplaceforhealingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstill

remains.Howcannaturemakeit?（人類早就知道身處大自然對身心都有好處。從在野外完成成人儀式的

土著青少年到現(xiàn)代東亞文化中的“森林浴”，許多人都將大自然視為治愈和個人成長的地方。但問題依然

存在。大自然是怎么做到的呢？）可推知，作者提及土著青少年和現(xiàn)代東亞文化是為了闡明一個觀點：置

身大自然對身心都有好處。故選A項。

【29題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thereisnodoubtthatbeinginnaturereducesthephysiologicalsymptomsofstress

inourbodies.（毫無疑問，在大自然中可以減少我們身體中壓力的生理癥狀。）以及“Thereisalsosome

evidence由atexposuretonatureimpactsIhebrain."（還有一些證據(jù)表明，接觸大自然會影響大腦。）由此可

知，此處為大自然常常讓人敬畏、驚嘆和尊重，所有這些情感都有助于從身體到心理健康的一切。故可猜

測劃線單詞facilitating為“促進”的意思，結合選項C項Promoting“促進”意思一致。故選C項。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Bui,regrettably,peopleseemtobespendinglesstimeoutdoorsandlesstimein

naturethanbefore.Itisalsoclearthat,inthepast30years,people'slevelsofstressandsenseof"busyness”have

risendramatically.ThesejointforceshaveledenvironmentalwriterRichardLouvtocointheterm"NatureDeficit

Disorder"-aformofsufferingthatcomesfromasenseofdisconnectionfromnatureanditspowers."（但是，

令人遺憾的是，人們花在戶外和大自然中的時間似乎比以前少了。同樣明顯的是，在過去的30年里，人

們的壓力水平和“忙碌”感急劇上升。這些共同的力量使得環(huán)境作家RichardLouv創(chuàng)造了“自然缺失癥”

這個術語一一一種來自于與自然及其力量脫節(jié)的痛苦。）可推知，作者寫第三段的語氣是不安的，對此感

到很擔憂，regrettably也是答案的提示詞。故選A項。

【31題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段中“Fromindigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingtheadult

ceremonyinthewildtomodemEastAsianculturestaking"forestbaths”,manyhavelookedtonatureasaplacefor

healingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstillremains.Howcannaturemakeit?"（從在野夕卜完成成人儀式

的土著青少年到現(xiàn)代東亞文化中的“森林浴”，許多人都將大自然視為治愈和個人成長的地方。但問題依

然存在。大自然是怎么做到的呢？）可知，文章介紹了接觸大自然的好處：促進身心健康。因此可知，

“當我們與自然聯(lián)系時，會發(fā)生什么？”為最佳標題。故選D項。

D

Nashequilibrium（納什均衡）isnamedafterJohnNash,anAmericanmathematician.Itisakindofconcept,

whichattemptstodeterminemathematicallyandlogicallytheactionsthatparticipantsofagameshouldtaketosecure

thebestoutcomesforthemselves.

Tofinditinagame,onewouldhavetomodelouteachofthepossiblescenariostodeterminetheresultsand

thenchoosewhatthemostsatisfactorystrategywouldbe.Inatwo-persongame,thiswouldtakeintoconsideration

thepossiblestrategiesthatbothplayerscouldchoose.Ifneitherplayerchangestheirstrategyknowingallofthe

information,aNashequilibriumhasoccurred.

ImagineagamebetweenTomandSam.Inthissimplegame,bothplayerscanchoosestrategyAtoreceive$1,

orstrategyBtolose$1.Logically,bothplayerschoosestrategyAandreceiveapayoffof$1.IfyourevealedSam's

strategytoTomandviceversa（反之亦然）,youseethatnoplayer'schoiceisdifferentfromtheoriginalone.Knowing

theotherplayer'smovemeanslittleanddoesn'tchangeeitherplayer'sbehavior.OutcomeArepresentstheNash

equilibrium.

Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoffinasituationbasedonnotonlytheirdecisionsbut

alsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.Itcanalsobeusedinmanyaspectsoflife,fromeconomicstosocial

behavioralsciences,frombusinessstrategiestoahousesaleandsoon.

Unlikedominantstrategy,Nashequilibriumdoesn'talwaysleadtothemostsatisfactoryoutcome.Inmostcases,

suchasinwar,whetherthatisamilitarywarorabiddingwar,anindividualrarelyknowstheopponent'sstrategyor

whattheywanttheoutcometobe.Itjustmeansthatanindividualchoosesthebeststrategybasedontheinformation

theyhave.Nashequilibriumcanonlyoccurifaplayerchoosestoremainwiththeircurrentstrategyiftheyknow

theiropponent'sstrategy.Furthermore,inmultiplegamesplayedwiththesameopponents,itdoesnottakeinto

considerationpastbehavior,whichoftenpredictsfuturebehavior.

32.WhichkindofconceptdoesNashequilibriumbelongto?

A.Gametheory.

B.Secrecystrategies.

C.Playerinformation.

D.Participationqualifications.

33.HowdoestheauthorexplainNashequilibrium?

A.Byquotingsayings.B.Bydrawingaparallel.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bygivinganillustration.

34.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutNashequilibrium?

A.Itselements.B.Itsdrawbacks.

C.Itsapplications.D.Itsbackgrounds

35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoNashequilibrium?

A.Resistant.B.Objective.

C.Confused.D.Curious.

【答案】32.A33.D34.C35.B

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了納什均衡這一游戲理論。

【32題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第——段"Itisakindofconcept,whichattemptstodeterminemathematicallyandlogically

theactionsthatparticipantsofagameshouldtaketosecurethebestoutcomesforthemselves.（它是——種概念，它

試圖從數(shù)學和邏輯上確定游戲參與者應該采取的行動，以確保自己獲得最佳結果）”可知，納什均衡是一種

試圖從數(shù)學和邏輯上確定游戲參與者應該采取的行動，以確保自己獲得最佳結果的游戲理論。故選A項。

【33題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"ImagineagamebetweenTomandSam.Inthissimplegame,bothplayerscan

choosestrategyAtoreceive$1,orstrategyBtolose$I.Logically,bothplayerschoosestrategyAandreceivea

payoffof$1.IfyourevealedSam'sstrategytoTomandviceversa（反之亦然）,youseethatnoplayer9schoiceis

differentfromtheoriginalone.Knowingtheotherplayer'smovemeanslittleanddoesn'tchangeeitherplayer's

behavior.OutcomeArepresentstheNashequilibrium.（想象一下湯姆和薩姆之間的一場比賽。在這個簡單的游

戲中，雙方玩家都可以選擇策略A獲得1美元，或者選擇策略B損失1美元。邏輯上，雙方都選擇策略A

并獲得1美元的收益。如果你將Sam的策略透露給Tom,反之亦然，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有玩家的選擇與最初的不

同。知道其他玩家的移動并不意味著什么，也不會改變?nèi)魏瓮婕业男袨?。結果A代表納什均衡）”可推

知，作者是通過列舉湯姆和薩姆之間比賽的例子來闡述納什均衡的。故選D項。

【34題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoffinasituationbasedon

notonlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.Itcanalsobeusedinmanyaspectsoflife,

fromeconomicstosocialbehavioralsciences,frombusinessstrategiestoahousesaleandsoon.（納什均衡幫助玩

家在一種情況下確定最佳收益，這種情況不僅基于他們自己的決策，也基于其他參與方的決策。它也可以

用于生活的許多方面，從經(jīng)濟學到社會行為科學，從商業(yè)策略到房屋銷售等等）”可知，第四段主要講的是

納什均衡不僅能幫助玩家在一種情況獲得最佳收益，同時也可以運用到生活的許多方面，所以第四段主要

講的是納什均衡的應用。故選C項。

【35題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoffinasituationbasedon

notonlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.（納什均衡幫助玩家在一種情況下確定最

佳收益，這種情況不僅基于他們自己的決策，也基于其他參與方的決策）”以及最后一段第一句"Unlike

dominantstrategy,Nashequilibriumdoesn'talwaysleadtothemostsatisfactoryoutcome.（與優(yōu)勢策略不同,納

什均衡并不總是導致最令人滿意的結果）”以及“Nashequilibriumcanonlyoccurifaplayerchoosestoremain

withtheircurrentstrategyiftheyknowtheiropponent'sstrategy.Furthermore,inmultiplegamesplayedwiththe

sameopponents,itdoesnottakeintoconsiderationpastbehavior,whichoftenpredictsfuturebehavior.（納什均衡

只有在玩家知道對手的策略后選擇保持當前策略時才會出現(xiàn)。此外，在與相同對手進行的多場比賽中，它

不會考慮過去的行為，而過去的行為通?？梢灶A測未來的行為）”可知，作者在文章中既講到了納什均衡的

優(yōu)點同時也指出了它的局限性。由此推知，作者對于納什均衡這一理論的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Indoorplantsareabeautifulwaytobrightenupyourhome,especiallyinthegraymonthsofwinter.36

Ifyouhavechildrenorifchildrenvisityour