河南省鄭州市2024屆高三年級(jí)下冊(cè)模擬預(yù)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷(含答案)

河南省鄭州市名校2024屆高三下學(xué)期模擬預(yù)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷

學(xué)校：___________姓名：班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：

一'閱讀理解

Startingtowriteshortstories:AnonlineworkshopwithStuartEvers

ThisisanonlinepaideventorganizedbyTheGuardian

Award-winningwriterStuartEversleadsahighlypracticalandconfidence-building

masterclassinwritingshortstories.

Regardlessofyourexperience,underStuarfsexpertguidance,youwilltakethefirstcrucial

stepsinshortstorytelling,withaspecialfocusoncomingupwithideas,sothatyouwillhave

anewfoundconfidenceinyourabilitytocontinuecraftingshortstories,farbeyondthe

course.Coursecontent

?Whatmakesashortstory?

?Howtogenerateideasforshortstories

?Writingtechniquesthatcanbeputintopracticeinstantly

?WritingexercisesthatallowdifferentideastosparkoffoneanotherThiscourseisfor...

AAWriterswhowanttolearnthefundamentalsoftheshortstoryformanddeveloptheir

skillsthroughpracticalwritingexercises

▲AnyonelookingtobuildtheirconfidenceinstorytellingCourseDetails

★Date:Tuesday31June2024

★Time:6pm-9pm(GMT)

★Acatchuprecordingwillbesharedaftertheclassandwillbeavailablefortwoweeks.

Youwillbesentalinktothewebinar24hoursand30minutesbeforethestarttime.

Pleaseemailmasterclasses@ifyoudonotreceiveit.

Thiseventwillbehostedonathird-partylivestreamingplatformZoom,pleasereferto

theirprivacypolicyandtermsandconditionsbeforepurchasingatickettotheclass.

Onceapurchaseiscompletewewillnotbeabletorefundyouifyoudonotattendor

cancelyoureventbooking.Pleaseseeourtermsandconditionsformoreinformationonour

refundpolicy.

1.Whatdoesthecoursepaymoreattentionto?

A.Creatingcharacters.B.Writingtechniques.

C.Formingcreativeideas.D.Writingexercises.

2.Whatmakesyouhavetosendanemail?

A.Notreceivingtheaccesslink.B.Learningtheonlineworkshop.

C.Gettingsomelearningmaterials.D.Purchasingatickettotheclass.

3.Whatserviceisguaranteedfortheparticipants?

A.Unconditionedrefund.B.Arecordingoflectures.

C.FreebookingonZoom.D.24hoursofbroadcasting.

Istarteda"questionoftheday“sectioninafamilytextgroup.We'dtalkabout

everythingfrommoviestopolitics.Butdespiteseveralwarningsfromlovedonesthatsome

ofmyresponseswerejudgmentalandthatIwastooquicktoattackanopinion,Iallbutkilled

thatgrouptext.Ithadagood12peopleinit.We'dsharedlaughs,encouragement,andfunny

memes（表情包）.Ittookonlyoneconversation一whichIwasinthemiddleof一toendit.

IrealizedthatIhadaproblem.Themediumformyproblemisthesmartphone.Before

smartphonesenabledinstantcommunication,peopletalkedonthetelephone.Inperson,you

couldcutina“Whatdoyoumeanbythat?"tocorrectamisunderstandingbeforeitgotoutof

hand.Don'tgetmewrong:Iloveagoodgrouptext.Itmakesmefeelconnectedtopeoplein

awaythatIjustcan'tseemtoanymore,nowthatIhaveawifeandkids.

Pmlearning,butIhadarelapse（復(fù)發(fā)）recently.Ijoinedanewtextgroup.Iintroduced

my"questionoftheday“feature.IfooledmyselfintothinkingthatIwasencouraginga

healthydebateoncurrentevents.No.Othersinthegroupsawitasmetryingtoprovethatmy

waywastherightway.ThenImadethemistakeofsharingsomepersonalinformationthat

onefriendhadtoldmeduringaphoneconversation.Ithoughteveryoneknew.Thenthis

friendstartedreferringtomeasasnitch-nottermsofkindword.SoIaskedhimaboutit

一inperson.ThafswhenhetoldmeI'dsharedsensitiveinformationhehadn'ttoldanyone

else.Iapologizedplentifullyandcameawayfromtheconversationmoredeterminedtoslow

downmytexts.

Mynewresolveseemstobeworking.YoushouldbepleasedtoknowthatIhaveavoided

makingafewpointsthatIwastempted（鼓動(dòng)）tomakeinindividualandgrouptexts.Insome

cases,Ididn'tevenrespond.Ihaven'tlostanymoreconnectionsbydoingthis.

4.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?

A.Bymakingjudgmentsonpolitics.B.Byrespondingtosometextmessages.

C.Bypresentingapersonalexperience.D.Bystartingafunnyconversation.

5.Whatproblemdoestheauthorhaveindigitalcommunication?

A.Ignoringtheneedtolistentoothers.B.Makingquickandsharpresponses.

C.Failingtoexpresshimselftimely.D.Focusingontheissuesofhisown.

6.Whywastheauthorattackedbyhisfriendinthetextgroup?

A.Hegaveawaytheprivacyofhisfriend.

B.Healwaysmademistakesoncurrentevents.

C.Hemadeafoolofhimselfinchatting.

D.Helikedenquiringpersonalinformation.

7.Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromhisexperience?

A.Hurrymakeswaste.B.Understandingeachotherisvital.

C.Sometimesfastisjusttoofast.D.Trustisthebridgeofcommunication.

Fewpeoplerealizeit,butglaciers（冰川）arefulloftinyairbubbles（氣泡）.Theyformas

snow,accumulatingoverthousandsofyears,slowlypacksintoiceunderitsownweight一

squishingtheairthatwastrappedbetweensnowflakesintotinyholes.ErinPettit,ascientist,

andhercolleagueshadsuspectedthatbubblescouldbeimportant.Totestthisidea,they

undertookaseriesoflaboratoryexperiments.

Theyfindthatastheicemelted,theresultingfreshwaterrose,becauseitwaslessdense

thanthesurroundingseawater.Thiscreatedarisingcurrentalongtheverticalfaceoftheice

一aproofofwhatoccursatthefrontofarealtidewaterglacier.Whentheglacialicemelted,

thecurrentthatitproducedwassixtimesfasterthanwhatwasseenwiththebubble-freeice

becausetherisingbubblespulledthewaterupmorequickly.Theglacialicemelted2.25

timesmorequicklythanthebubble-freeice."That'saverypowerfuleffect.Ifthafsthe

realityinnature,thenifsquiteserious.^^

Thenewlydiscoveredbubbleeffectcouldexplainsomeofthatextramelting,says

MathieuMorlighem,ascientist."It'simprovingourunderstanding,butit'snotpaintinga

darkerpictureofwhafshappeningtoday,"hesays.

PettitnotesthatinAlaska,manybayswithtidewaterglaciershavelargepopulationsof

harborseals.Theanimalssheltertherewhilemoltingandraisingbabies.ButinGlacierBay,

wherethetidewaterglaciersretreated（后退）manymilesinland,thesealpopulationshave

declined.Pettitnowsuspectsthattheroaringrhythmofexplodingbubblesprovidesahiding

placewheresealscanavoiddetectionbykillerwhale,whichoftenfindtheirvictimby

listening.Thebubblesmaymasktheseals9sounds一atleastuntiltheiceretreatsoutof

hearing.Thismayturnouttobeyetanotherwayinwhichthesetinybubbleshave

surprisinglylarge-scaleeffects.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"squishing“inparagraphImean?

A.Absorbing.B.Pressing.C.Adding.D.Reducing.

9.WhatdidPettitandhercolleaguesfindaboutthebubbles?

A.Theyproduceawarmcurrentofwater.

B.Theyresultinreleasingmorefreshwater.

C.Theyhaveformedforthousandsofyearsslowly.

D.Theycausetheiceinglacierstomeltmorequickly.

10.WhatisMathieu'sattitudetowardsthediscovery?

A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Disapproving.D.Cautious.

11.Whateffectdoesthelastparagraphreflect?

A.Thefrogeffect.B.Thebucketeffect.

C.Thebutterflyeffect.D.Thebrokenwindowseffect.

WhileIndustry5.0isbelievedtohavestartedin2020,theriseofAIinrecentyearshas

ledexpertstosayitisnowcoming.ImagineAl-poweredrobotsthatsee,hear,touchand

more,poolingfreshdatafromacrossthosegroupsofsensorstocreatethatdatawiththevast

rangesofdigitaldatastoredelsewhereonline.TheageisamajorleapfromtheFirst

IndustrialRevolution,whensteamenginestartedtoachievewidespreadcommercialuse.

ProfessorJohnNostasays,“TheintegrationofsensorycapabilitiesintoAImodelsisnot

merelyatechnologicalleap.Itrepresentsashiftinourphilosophicalunderstandingof

artificialandhumanintelligence.^^

Hehasalsoreferredtotheneweraas"theCognitive（認(rèn)矢口）Age,“whichwillcompletely

changehowhumanslive,work,andthinkaboutthemselves.AccordingtoNosta,humans

don'ttypicallythinkofcomputersas“experiencing“theworldthemselves.Butthat

assumptionwillbechallengedasmoreadvancedAIsystemsarehookeduptoevermoreand

evergreatersensors.Themachineswon'tjustbelogicboxesthathumansinputdataand

commandsforprocessing.TheAIwillcollectthatdatamoreandmoreonitsown,

experiencingtheworldforitself.

“Thisisnotjustaboutunderstandingwords,butalsoaboutgraspingthetone,pitch（音

高），andemphasis,whichaddlayersofmeaningoftenabsentinwrittentext.Image

recognitionaddsanotherlayerofcomplexity,headded."Forexample,itcananalyze

photographs,identifyobjects,andevenunderstandtheemotionalcontentoffacial

expressions.^^

TheJohannesburg-basedbusinessschoolisjustoneofmanycollege-levelprograms

attemptingtoinvestigateandteachitsstudentsaboutthestill-emergingIR5.0.SetonHallin

NewJerseyoffersathree-creditcourseonthislatestageinhumantechnologyandtrade;MIT

hasbroughtinguestspeakerstolectureontheconcept,andmanyotherresearchinstitutions

arefollowingsuit.

12.WheredoesIR5.0differfrompreviousindustrialrevolution?

A.Itprocessesdataandcommands.

B.Itinteractswithhumansthroughtexts.

C.Itenhanceshumansensorycapabilities.

D.Itemploysmoresensesinitsapplication.

13.WhyisIR5.0calledtheCognitiveage?

A.AIcollectsandinterpretsdataitself.

B.AIturnswrittentextsintovoice.

C.AIunderstandswrittenlanguagewell.

D.AIhasanabilityofexpressingemotions

14.HowdosomecollegesaddressIR5.0?

A.Byofferingrelatedcourses.

B.Byexpectingmoreindustrialrevolution.

C.ByapplyingAItothetechnologicaltrade.

D.Bypreparingfortherapideconomicchanges.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.AlIsApproachingUsGradually

B.ANewIRIsAboutMachineLearning

C.AIHasDevelopedItsOwnSenses

D.WeAreEnteringIR5.0Now

二、七選五

16.Whatmotivatesyoutoworkorstudyharder?Isitthethoughtofsuccessandallthe

amazingthingsthatyoucanachieve,orisitthefearoffailureandworryaboutallthethings

thatcangowrongforyou?Leaders,managers,andteachershaveoftenusedoneofthese

ideastoinspirepeopletoworkharderandachievemore.①

Arecentstudylookedattheeffectoffear-basedstrategiesonBritishsecondaryschool

students.Theyfoundthatifatestisseenasimportant,andstudentsareoptimisticthatthey

cansucceed,thenthefearoffailurecanbeusedsuccessfullybyteacherstomotivatethese

learners.However,ifstudentsarenotconfident,fear-basedapproachescouldcausefeelings

ofanxiety.②Thestudyalsofoundthatifstudentsdon'tcareaboutthetest,then,

unsurprisingly,thefearoffailureisnotlikelytomotivatethem.

(3)It'safactthatmostnewcompanieswillfail.Butdoesthismotivateor

preventbusinesspeople?Again,ifsnotstraightforward.Thepersonalconsequencesof

failurecanbesignificant,andsofoundersmaybemotivatedtoworkhardertoavoidthem.A

studycarriedoutonBritishandCanadianbusinessmenfoundthatfearoffailurecanimprove

problemsolving,aspeoplearemotivatedtoanticipateandresolvepotentialissues.(4)

Soitwillhelptheirbusinessinthelongrun.

⑤Itcandriveconfidentpeopletodobetter,butitcanalsoincreaseour

doubtsandturnthemintobarriers.

A.Itmaymotivatethemmore.

B.Butisonebetterthantheother?

C.Fear-basedmotivationiscomplicated.

D.Thenitcaninturnleadthemtodoworse.

E.Businessmenoftenruntheriskoffailure.

F.Theymayalsobeinspiredtolearnnewthings.

G.Isthisideabeneficialforyoutosucceed?

三、完形填空(15空)

Sincebirth,wrestlingwaspartofmylifebecauseDad,aformercoach,inspiredinmehis

passionforthesport.Buthenever]metopracticeit.WhenIbecameseriousabout

wrestlinginhighschool,Dadwasthere,2methroughstricttraining.

“Dadalwayssaid,"Youhaveto3fully/9Iremember.Andso,Idid-training

determinedlyandimprovingsignificantly.Myvictoriesledtotrophies(獎(jiǎng)杯)butDad's4

aftereachmatchmeantmoretome.

Insenioryear,everything5.Duringpractice,myheartbetrayedme,leadingtoa

diagnosisofaheartdiseaseandanendtomywrestlingcareer.Dadtookthedoctor'sadvice

to6,hiseyesrevealingthe7hetriedtohide.

Thatevening,IaskedDadifIhad8him."Howcouldyouthinkthat?"hereplied

9_.Aswetalked,Isaid,“Ithoughtwrestlingistheonlythingwehaveincommon.^^

Dadsmiledsoftly,"Ourbondwasn'twrestling,son.Itwas10

Isaid,“So,you'renotdisappointedorangry?"

Hiseyesgot11.“Ofcoursenot.I'veneverbeenangryatyou,andIwillalways

loveyouwhetheryou12ornot."

Wrestlinghasmademehealthier,moreconfident,andgoal-oriented.I'velearnedto

13losingandwinning.Myheartmayhavepreventedmefromcontinuingasa14,

butmyheartisstill15forallthatDaddidtomakemenotonlyabetterwrestlerbut

alsoabetterperson.

17.A.supportedB.permittedC.pushedD.appointed

18.A.lecturingB.arguingC.protectingD.guiding

19.A.researchB.applyC.commitD.grow

20.A.prideB.sympathyC.curiosityD.ambition

21.A.changedB.failedC.continuedD.appeared

22.A.challengeB.struggleC.waitD.quit

23.A.secretB.painC.shameD.thrill

24.A.disappointedB.hurtC.consultedD.violated

25.A.casuallyB.surprisedlyC.angrilyD.coldly

26.A.recreationB.reputationC.fortuneD.devotion

27.A.narrowB.dryc.bigD.dark

28.A.clarifyB.promiseC.wrestleD.argue

29.A.putasideB.dealwithC.runforD.holdback

30.A.volunteerB.performerC.competitorD.learner

31.A.gratefulB.responsibleC.regretfulD.suitable

四、短文填空

32.TheWuhansilkflowerisafamousspecialtyofHubei.Ithasbeenproducedand

soldformanyyearsandenjoysahighreputation.

Overthepasthundredyears,Wuhansilkflower①(adopt)thetraditionalsilk

flowermakingtechniquesfromtheroyalcourts.Itdrawsspiritfromthefolksilkflower

makingtechniquesthroughoutChina,whileperfecting②(it)onthebasisofthe

traditionalflowerskillsthathavebeenknownfarandwideduetoitsfineworkmanship.

Silkflowersaretheflowers?(typical)madewithsilk,satinandotherhigh-

gradefabrics.Theflowerslookvividandareuniqueskills.Whetherduetoitslonghistoryor

thestrong?(decorate)effect,silkflowerswerecommonaccessoriesofthe

ancientwomen.

AmongChinesetraditionalskills,makingflowers?fabricsemergedmore

than1,700yearsago.IntheTangDynasty,itwasrecorded?womenwore

flowersmadewithsilk.

Thesilkflower?(artist)inWuhanhavehandeddownandcarriedforward

silkflowerworkmanshipfromgenerationtogeneration,makingsilkflower?art

craftspecialtywithlocalcharacteristics.Thevarietiesoftheflowers?(make)

withsilkincludepeony,rose,Chineserose,andotherflowersintotalofmorethan400

varieties.Thefinishedflowersareclassifiedintoinsertedflowers,hatflowersandmore,⑩

(enjoy)greatpopularityamongconsumers.

五、書(shū)面表達(dá)

33.你校英語(yǔ)報(bào)舉辦了一次關(guān)于人工智能的征文活動(dòng)，主題是“WillArtificial

IntelligenceEnterStudentLife?”，請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1.你的觀點(diǎn)；

2.說(shuō)明理由。

注意：

1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。

WillArtificialIntelligenceEnterStudentLife?

六、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)

34.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

IfstheSaturday,1:00am,andStormy,mydog,andIweregoingonapre-dawnbird-

watchingadventure.Theweathermanpredictedfog,butaswehittheroad,it'sclear.Along

ourjourney,Istoppedatapetrolstation,ensuringStormywassafelylockedinthetruck.

“Stormy,hangtight/91whispered,steppingoutintothenightair.

Backonthehighway,aswewerenearthemarshlands,aheavyfogbegantoswallow

everything.Atasharpbend,mytruckhitsoftground,andIlostcontrol.uOh,no!”P(pán)anicset

inasthevehicleslidofftheroadwithabang,fallingdownasteepbankandintothewater.

Inthestrangesilencethatfollowed,Iwasfloatinginsidethecar,gentlycarried

downstreambythecanal.66Comeon,door,“Isaid,switchinguselesslyatthehandle.Itwon't

move;theelectricalsystemhadshortedoutduetothewater.'Tvegotaglassbreaker,"I

remindedmyself,reachingforthetoolinthecenterpart.

Witheachfailedattempttobreakthewindow一theglassbouncingbackatme一Ifelt

agrowingsenseofurgency.Watermovedoverthefloorboards,coolingmyfeet.“Stormy,

staycalm,“Isaid,lyingdowntokickatthewindowwithallmystrength.Butmyeffortsonly

metresistance.

Asthewaterlevelrosethreateninglyclosetotheceiling,fearclawedatmyheart.Ina

lasteffort,Idivedbehindtheseatformytoolbox.“Gottofindsomethingsolid."Myhands

brushedagainstthecoldmetaltoolbox,thenthefireextinguisher（滅火器）.“Thismight

work.”

“Heregoeseverything/9Ithought,holdingtheextinguisherandhittingitagainstthe

window.Theimpactresoundedthroughthecar,buttheglassholdsfirm."Notyet,“Ibegged

undermybreath,astheextinguisherbouncedharmlesslyaway.

Thewaterkeptrising,andsodidmyfear.Avoiceinsidemescreamedtogiveup,but

anotherthoughtpiercedthrough——Stormy.66ForStormy,Ican'tquit."Justthen,Isenseda

pauseinthewater'srise.

Anunspokensoundsaid,"Youhavemoretime.Whatwillyoudo?”

注意：

1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。

"I'llfightharder/91promisedaloud.

Exhausted,wecaughtthenowfloodedvehicle,waitingfordaylight.

參考答案

1.答案：c

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Regardlessofyourexperience,underStuart'sexpert

guidance,youwilltakethefirstcrucialstepsinshortstorytelling,withaspecialfocuson

comingupwithideas,sothatyouwillhaveanewfoundconfidenceinyourabilityto

continuecraftingshortstories,farbeyondthecourse.（無(wú)論你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)如何，在Stuart的專業(yè)

指導(dǎo)下，你將邁出短篇故事的第一步，特別注重想出想法，這樣你就會(huì)對(duì)自己繼續(xù)創(chuàng)

作短篇故事的能力有了新的信心，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了課程的范圍）”可知，本課程特別重視創(chuàng)

作構(gòu)思。故選C。

2.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)侄U數(shù)第三段的“Pleaseemailmasterclasses@if

youdonotreceiveit.（如果您沒(méi)有收到，請(qǐng)發(fā)送電子郵件至

masterclasses@）“可知，如果沒(méi)有收到鏈接的話，發(fā)郵件。故選A。

3.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CourseDetails部分中“^Acatchuprecordingwillbeshared

aftertheclassandwillbeavailablefortwoweeks.（★補(bǔ)課錄音將在課后分享，為期兩周）”

可知，課后提供講課的錄音，故選B。

4.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的"Istarteda"'questionoftheday"sectioninafamilytext

group.We'dtalkabouteverythingfrommoviestopolitics.Butdespiteseveralwarningsfrom

lovedonesthatsomeofmyresponseswerejudgmentalandthatIwastooquicktoattackan

opinion,Iallbutkilledthatgrouptext.（我在一個(gè)家庭短信群里開(kāi)了一個(gè)‘‘每日問(wèn)題”版

塊。我們無(wú)所不談，從電影到政治。但是，盡管我的親人多次警告我，說(shuō)我的一些回

復(fù)帶有評(píng)判性，而且我太急于攻擊別人的觀點(diǎn)，我還是差點(diǎn)取消了那條群發(fā)短信。）”

和第二段“IrealizedthatIhadaproblem.Themediumformyproblemisthesmartphone.（我

意識(shí)到我有問(wèn)題了。我的問(wèn)題的媒介是智能手機(jī)。）”可知，作者通過(guò)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷引入了

本文的主題。故選C。

5.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Iwastooquicktoattackanopinion（我太急于反駁一

個(gè)觀點(diǎn)了）”和倒數(shù)第二段的"Iapologizedplentifullyandcameawayfromtheconversation

moredeterminedtoslowdownmytexts.（我再三道歉，然后離開(kāi)了談話，下定決心放慢

我發(fā)短信的速度。）”可知，作者的問(wèn)題是在群組討論中，急于反駁他人的觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)于

分享信息不謹(jǐn)慎等，故選B。

6.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。結(jié)合第三段的"ThenImadethemistakeofsharingsomepersonal

informationthatonefriendhadtoldmeduringaphoneconversation.Ithoughteveryone

knew.Thenthisfriendstartedreferringtomeasasnitch-nottermsofkindword.（然后我

犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，分享了一個(gè)朋友在電話中告訴我的一些個(gè)人信息。我以為每個(gè)人都知

道。然后這個(gè)朋友開(kāi)始說(shuō)我是告密者——這可不是什么好話。）”可知，作者的一位朋

友在群組中攻擊作者，是因?yàn)樽髡咴谌豪镎f(shuō)出了他和朋友之間私下交流的內(nèi)容，故選

Ao

7.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的"Iwastooquicktoattackanopinion（我太急于反駁一

個(gè)觀點(diǎn)了）”和倒數(shù)第二段的"Iapologizedplentifullyandcameawayfromtheconversation

moredeterminedtoslowdownmytexts.（我再三道歉，然后離開(kāi)了談話，下定決心放慢

我發(fā)短信的速度。廠可知，作者通過(guò)在一次家庭群聊中的經(jīng)歷意識(shí)到自己的問(wèn)題在于

急于反駁他人的觀點(diǎn)，因此作者從他的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的是有時(shí)候就是太快了，故選C。

8.答案：B

解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段前面的"Theyformassnow,accumulatingoverthousands

ofyears,slowlypacksintoiceunderitsownweight（它們以雪的形式形成，經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)千年的

積累，在自身重量的作用下慢慢地結(jié)成冰）“和后面的"theairthatwastrappedbetween

snowflakesintotinyholes（被困在雪花之間的空氣變成了小洞）“可知，最初形成的雪經(jīng)

過(guò)數(shù)千年累積，在自身負(fù)重下，緩慢被壓成了冰，雪花之間困住的氣體便在這個(gè)過(guò)程

里被擠壓進(jìn)了細(xì)小的空隙之中。故選B項(xiàng)。

9.答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whentheglacialicemelted,thecurrentthatit

producedwassixtimesfasterthanwhatwasseenwiththebubble-freeicebecausetherising

bubblespulledthewaterupmorequickly.Theglacialicemelted2.25timesmorequickly

thanthebubble-freeice（當(dāng)冰川的冰融化時(shí)，它所產(chǎn)生的電流比沒(méi)有氣泡的冰所產(chǎn)生的

速度快六倍，因?yàn)樯仙臍馀菔顾仙乃俣雀?。冰川冰的融化速度是無(wú)氣泡冰的

2.25倍）”可知，當(dāng)冰川融化時(shí)，它產(chǎn)生的水流流速是無(wú)氣泡冰的6倍，融化速度是無(wú)

氣泡冰的2.25倍，說(shuō)明氣泡加快了冰川融化的速度。故選D項(xiàng)。

10.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thenewlydiscoveredbubbleeffectcouldexplain

someofthatextramelting,saysMathieuMorlighem,ascientist.'It'simprovingour

understanding,butit'snotpaintingadarkerpictureofwhafshappeningtoday/hesays.（科

學(xué)家MathieuMorlighem說(shuō)，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的氣泡效應(yīng)可以解釋部分額外的融化現(xiàn)象。他說(shuō)，

它提高了我們的認(rèn)識(shí)，但并沒(méi)有為目前的情況描繪出一幅更黑暗的圖景廠可知，

Mathieu對(duì)于氣泡加快冰川融化速度這種說(shuō)法，是持贊成態(tài)度的。故選B項(xiàng)。

11.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"ButinGlacierBay,wherethetidewaterglaciers

retreated（后退）manymilesinland,thesealpopulationshavedeclined.Pettitnowsuspects

thattheroaringrhythmofexplodingbubblesprovidesahidingplacewheresealscanavoid

detectionbykillerwhale,whichoftenfindtheirvictimbylistening.Thebubblesmaymask

theseals9sounds一atleastuntiltheiceretreatsoutofhearing.Thismayturnouttobeyet

anotherwayinwhichthesetinybubbleshavesurprisinglylarge-scaleeffects.（在冰川灣，潮

水冰川向內(nèi)陸后退了許多英里，海豹的數(shù)量減少了。佩蒂特現(xiàn)在懷疑，氣泡爆炸的轟

鳴聲為海豹提供了一個(gè)藏身之處，避免被虎鯨發(fā)現(xiàn)?；ⅥL通常通過(guò)聲音尋找獵物。這

些氣泡可能會(huì)掩蓋海豹的聲音——至少在冰層退去之前是這樣。這可能是這些微小氣

泡產(chǎn)生令人驚訝的大規(guī)模效應(yīng)的另一種方式）”可知，在一個(gè)復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)中，一個(gè)看似微

不足道的動(dòng)作或事件能夠引發(fā)一連串不可預(yù)測(cè)且深遠(yuǎn)的影響，故選C項(xiàng)。

12.答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"ImagineAI-poweredrobotsthatsee,hear,touchand

more,poolingfreshdatafromacrossthosegroupsofsensorstocreatethatdatawiththevast

rangesofdigitaldatastoredelsewhereonline.（想象一下，人工智能機(jī)器人可以看到、聽(tīng)

到、觸摸等等，從這些傳感器組中收集新數(shù)據(jù)，并與存儲(chǔ)在網(wǎng)上其他地方的大量數(shù)字

數(shù)據(jù)一起創(chuàng)建這些數(shù)據(jù)）”和第二段的"TheintegrationofsensorycapabilitiesintoAI

modelsisnotmerelyatechnologicalleap.Itrepresentsashiftinourphilosophical

understandingofartificialandhumanintelligence.（將感官能力整合到人工智能模型中不僅

僅是技術(shù)上的飛躍。它代表了我們對(duì)人工智能和人類智能的哲學(xué)理解的轉(zhuǎn)變）”可知，

第五次工業(yè)革命中在應(yīng)用中使用了更多的感官。故選D。

13.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Themachineswon'tjustbelogicboxesthathumans

inputdataandcommandsforprocessing.TheAIwillcollectthatdatamoreandmoreonits

own,experiencingtheworldforitself.（這些機(jī)器將不僅僅是人類輸入數(shù)據(jù)和命令進(jìn)行處

理的邏輯盒子。人工智能將越來(lái)越多地自己收集數(shù)據(jù)，自己體驗(yàn)這個(gè)世界）”可知，第

五次工業(yè)革命被稱之為認(rèn)知時(shí)代，因?yàn)槿斯ぶ悄苣軌驈淖约旱膫鞲衅鳙@取數(shù)據(jù)，感知

世界。故選A。

14.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"TheJohannesburg-basedbusinessschoolisjustoneof

manycollege-levelprogramsattemptingtoinvestigateandteachitsstudentsaboutthestill-

emergingIR5.0.SetonHallinNewJerseyoffersathree-creditcourseonthislatestagein

humantechnologyandtrade;MIThasbroughtinguestspeakerstolectureontheconcept,

andmanyotherresearchinstitutionsarefollowingsuit.（這所位于約翰內(nèi)斯堡的商學(xué)院只是

許多大學(xué)級(jí)別課程中的一所，這些課程試圖調(diào)查和教授學(xué)生有關(guān)仍在出現(xiàn)的工業(yè)革命

5.0的知識(shí)。新澤西州的西頓霍爾開(kāi)設(shè)了一門(mén)三學(xué)分的課程，內(nèi)容涉及人類技術(shù)和貿(mào)易

的最新時(shí)代；麻省理工學(xué)院已經(jīng)邀請(qǐng)了客座演講者就這一概念進(jìn)行演講，許多其他研

究機(jī)構(gòu)也在效仿）”可知，多所大學(xué)提供了關(guān)于第五次工業(yè)革命的課程和講座等。故選

Ao

15.答案：D

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"WhileIndustry5.0isbelievedtohavestartedin2020,the

riseofAIinrecentyearshasledexpertstosayitisnowcoming.（雖然工業(yè)5.0被認(rèn)為是在

2020年開(kāi)始的，但近年來(lái)人工智能的崛起讓專家們表示，它現(xiàn)在正在到來(lái)）”結(jié)合本文

主要介紹了隨著人工智能技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，人類已邁入第五次工業(yè)革命（IR5.0）,這

一新時(shí)代標(biāo)志著人與AI之間更深層次的合作。不同于以往以文本命令為主的交互方

式，新的工業(yè)革命將實(shí)現(xiàn)AI能通過(guò)視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)等多種形式收集、整合信息，并結(jié)合網(wǎng)

絡(luò)上龐大的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行深度理解，預(yù)示著一個(gè)被稱作“認(rèn)知時(shí)代”的新紀(jì)元。因此D選項(xiàng)

“我們正在進(jìn)入工業(yè)革命5.0”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D?

16.答案：①-⑤BDEFC

解析：①根據(jù)"Whatmotivatesyoutoworkorstudyharder?Isitthethoughtofsuccessand

alltheamazingthingsthatyoucanachieve,orisitthefearoffailureandworryaboutallthe

thingsthatcangowrongforyou?Leaders,managers,andteachershaveoftenusedoneof

theseideastoinspirepeopletoworkharderandachievemore.^^（是什么激勵(lì)你更加努力地

工作或?qū)W習(xí)？是對(duì)成功的憧憬和你能實(shí)現(xiàn)的所有驚人的事情，還是對(duì)失敗的恐懼和對(duì)

所有可能出錯(cuò)的事情的擔(dān)憂？領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者、經(jīng)理和老師經(jīng)常使用這些想法來(lái)激勵(lì)人們更加

努力地工作，取得更多的成就。）可知，人們往往利用其中的一個(gè)來(lái)激勵(lì)人們，再結(jié)

合下文對(duì)于這兩種動(dòng)機(jī)的研究分析，B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)比另一個(gè)好嗎”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B

項(xiàng)。

②根據(jù)上文的“However,ifstudentsarenotconfident,fear-basedapproachescouldcause

feelingsofanxiety,5（然而，如果學(xué)生不自信，基于恐懼的方法可能會(huì)引起焦慮）可

知，如果學(xué)生不自信，這種恐懼動(dòng)機(jī)可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生相反的效果，故D選項(xiàng)“然后反過(guò)來(lái)

會(huì)導(dǎo)致他們做得更糟”切題。故選D。

③根據(jù)下文"It'safactthatmostnewcompanieswillfail.”（大多數(shù)新公司都會(huì)失敗，這

是一個(gè)事實(shí)）可知，商人會(huì)冒著失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故E選項(xiàng)“商人常冒失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！鼻?/p>

題ocompanies和businessmen相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。

④根據(jù)上文的“peoplearemotivatedtoanticipateandresolvepotentialissues.^^（人們有動(dòng)

力預(yù)測(cè)和解決潛在的問(wèn)題。）和下文的"Soitwillhelptheirbusinessinthelongrun”（因

此，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這將有助于他們的業(yè)務(wù)）可知，與前面的企業(yè)家們有解決問(wèn)題呼

應(yīng)，說(shuō)明他們也有學(xué)習(xí)新事物的動(dòng)機(jī)。因此從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，有助于他們的生意。故F選

項(xiàng)“他們也可能受到啟發(fā)去學(xué)習(xí)新事物”切題。故選F。

⑤根據(jù)后文“Itcandriveconfidentpeopletodobetter,butitcanalsoincreaseourdoubtsand

turnthemintobarriers”（它可以驅(qū)使自信的人做得更好，但也會(huì)增加我們的疑慮，并將

其轉(zhuǎn)化為障礙）可知，恐懼動(dòng)機(jī)是比較復(fù)雜的，可能有益處也可能成為障礙。故C選

項(xiàng)“基于恐懼的動(dòng)機(jī)很復(fù)雜”切題。故選C。

17.答案：C

解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但他從不強(qiáng)迫我練習(xí)摔跤。A.supported支持；B.

permitted允許；C.pushed推；D.appointed任命。根據(jù)上文“becauseDad,aformer

coach,inspiredinmehispassionforthesport”可知，父親從不強(qiáng)