2022北京東城區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題和答案

2022北京東城高二（下）期末英語(yǔ)一、完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的、B、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Amotherherfouryoungchildrenwereasleepwhenafireeruptedthehome.RamonPasborgwashomewhenhesmelledsmokeandsawflames火焰)comingfromaPasborgdecided___2___thewhereheayounggirlandboysleavingthehouse.TheytoldPasborgthattheirmother4-year-oldbrotherwereinside—andwithout___3___heenteredthehouse.couldnotseeanythinginsidebecauseofheavysmokes,sohecrawled爬行)onhishandsandkneesonfloorseveralfeetintothekitchenbeforehefoundthesmallchild.Heimmediately___4___thearoundthewaist,pickedhimupandcarriedhim,outside.atemperaturebelowzero,Pasborgquicklyputallfourchildrentruckkeepthem___5___beforeenteringtheburninghomeasecondtime,thiscrawlingthroughthekitchen___6___intothehousesearchofthechildren'smissingMomentsPasborgfoundthewomanlyingonthebadlyburnedandstrugglingbreathe.Afterdraggingheroutside,henoticedthatshewas___7___andnolongerbreathing,sohebeganperforminglifesavingmeasuresuntilshesuddenlytookadeepbreath.Pasborgdrovethefamilytheendofthedrivewaynearthehighwayandawaitedthe___8___ofemergencyfirstresponders.Thefamilyweretouchedbythe___9___selflessnessPasborgdisplayed.Thehero'swillingness___10___hisownrescuethisfamilywasthebetweenanddeaththisyoungmotherandherchild.1.A.staying2.A.pullinto3.A.question4.A.touched5.A.warmB.movingB.runintoB.hesitationB.surroundedB.calmC.walkingC.breakintoC.permissionC.grabbedC.cleanD.drivingD.lookintoD.expectationD.shookD.awake6.A.lowerB.closerC.higherD.deeper7.A.discouraged8.A.entryB.unresponsiveB.returnC.impatientC.arrivalD.unpleasantD.guide9.A.loyalty10.A.riskB.courageB.sustainC.generosityC.adjustD.humblenessD.save二、語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DimsumoneofthemostpopularChinesedishes.It(originate)Guangzhoucitymorethanathousandyearsago.PeopleGuangdongarefondofdrinkingteathemorningorlunch.theyofteneatdimsumduringtheirteapartiesbreakfastandlunch.ACantonesechef’sgoal____12____(preserve)theoriginalUnlikeotherChinesestylesofcookingasSichuanstyle,wherecookburiesthefoodaofspicesandoil,aCantonesechefaimsbringorhighlighttheoriginalflavorofthevegetable,meat,orfruit.Sospiceorsugar____13____(general).B閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。KateElkinsoftheEmergencyMedicalServices(EMS)and____14____(specialist).Asanactiveparamedic,Elkinsalsorespondscallsandservesanurbansearchrescueteam.First-handexperiencehasshownher____15____importanthavingawell-stockedandmaintainedfirst-aidkitcanbe."Therearecertainthingsyouneedhaveathandthemoment.Inacrisis,you'regoinghavegothestoreget____16____youneed,"Elkinspointsout.C閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Studieshavevideogamersoftenhavehighlevelsofdopamine多巴胺)thebrain.Theprospectof____17____(gain)rewardsprizescancausegamersbecomeexcited,____18____causestheproductionofunnecessarydopamine.Justasanaddictionalcoholwillcausepeople____19____(consume)morealcohol,playerscanaddictedgaming.Gamingcancertainlybefun____20____(relax)butexcessivegamingleadadolescentswithnearsightednessandhaveanegativeeffectonsociallivesofchildren.三、閱讀理解（共三節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共9小題；每小題2分，共18分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Aourfull-daysightseeingtourtheRockyMountains,whichboastsomeofmostspectacularDuringtheyouenjoyround-triptravelfromBanffreachremoteattractionincludingLakeMinnewankaandLakeLouisecomfort,stopatpicturesqueincludingfallsandlakes,enjoypersonalattentionfromyourguideonthissmall-group15people.IncludedDriver/tourguidePickupBottledwaterFoodarenotrequired.Departure9:00AMPickupPleasearrive10minutesbeforeyourselectedstarttimeforpickup.PleaseNotepickatallofBanff-hotels,hostelsandevencampgrounds!IftravellingoutsidepleaseconfirmpickuplocationwiththePleasenotewedonotpickupLakeLouise.WhatExpect?LakeMinnewankaThisthelargestlakeparkandactuallyusedbehomeasmallsummervillage.thevillageliesbeneaththepurebluewatersofLakeMinnewanka.ThisstopprovidessomeinterestinghistoryofhowthingshavechangedNationalParkovertheyears.2hours?LakeLouiseFirstopenedtheworldfamousLakeLouisehasbeenbringingguestsexperiencetheclearwatersformanyyears.Thisstopwilloffertheopportunityexplorethehistorichotel.3hoursIncludedCancellationPolicy?Forafullrefund,mustcancelatleast24hoursbeforethestarttime.?Anychangesmadeless24hoursbeforethestarttimewillnotbeaccepted.?ThisexperiencerequiresgoodIfcanceledadvanceduepooryou’llbeadifferentdateorgetthefeeyou’vepaid.?Thisexperiencerequiresaminimumnumberoftravelers.canceledyou’llbeadifferentorafullrefund.Readaboutthetourat21.enjoythisfulldayyouneed______.A.takeyourselfB.preparetipsfortheguideC.arriveat9:00amforpickupD.waitforpickupLakeLouise22.Whatwillyouexperiencethistour?A.Payavisitthesummervillage.C.LivethehistorichotelbyLakeLouise.23.Onegetfullrefundif______.A.thetourarrangedanotherdayC.thetravelersfailreachacertainnumberB.LearnthehistoryofNationalPark.D.SwimbluewatersofLakeMinnewanka.B.he/shechangestheroutebeforethetourD.he/sheexperiencesbadweatherduringtheBIfyouneedaninspiringtalkfromathere'sahotlineforthat.Thisfreecalled"Joy4allHotline".Ifcalltheyou'llhearrecordingsofkidssharingwordsofencouragement.TheJoy4allHotlineaschoolprojectcreatedatanelementaryschoolCalifornia.runbyanartteacherMaggieClancystartedthehotlinebecauseshewasconcernedaboutthestressfulthingsthatherstudentshadgonethrough.aimsbringsomejoybackintolivesofherstudents,whorangeagefrom5createthehotline,Clancyrecordedstudents.instructedthekidssaysomethingthathadhelpedthemduringadifficulttime.Thehotlineprojectalsoincludedthecreationofposters.Thesepostersdisplayedmotivationalphrasesandwereplacedaroundtown.ThespreadjoytheWhencallersdial707-968-8510,theyaregreetedbyClancy'sThewelcomesthemwiththefollowingmenu:“Ifyou'refeelingmad,frustratedornervous,press1.Ifyouneedwordsofencouragementandadvice,press2.youneedaninspiringtalkfromkindergartners,press3.youneedhearlaughingwithdelight,press4,andforencouragementSpanish,press5.”Whentheprojectfirststarted,ClancyhopedthehotlinewouldreceivecallsanButwithindaysthehotlinewasgettingover500callsanpeoplewithconqueringanxietyandgivepeoplehopewillbegoodhappeningmoretheworld.Theproject'ssuccessproveshowmuchtheworldcurrentlyneedsthiskindofpositivemessaging.“Ithinkpeoplearejustlookingforwaysfeelconnected,”Clancysaid.“Ithinkthishotlinedoesthataverypure,sweet24.WhydidClancystartthehotline?A.spreadjoyfulnewsreports.B.supporthomeschoolingD.liftherstudents'spiritsupC.introduceencouragingposters25.Throughthishotline,callerscan______.A.getClancy'sadviceB.talkwithClancy'sdaughterC.listenthesoundofkids'laughter26.WhatwelearnaboutJoy4allHotline?A.ItenjoysanincreasingC.Itprovestheimportancehappiness.D.heartherecordingsofinspiringsongsB.Itarousespeople'sconcernforkidsD.Itchangespeople'sopinionsonhotlines.CtheofsenioryearEngland,IwatchedmypeerslineupfrontoftheCareerServicesbuilding.fortheirinterviewsforjobs,allseemedbedressedthesame—themenwearingnavyjackets,thewomendarkdresses.Ithoughtbackmyfirstdaycampusyearsearlierwhenweallworedifferentcolorsanddreamedofdifferentfutures.Itwasasouryearsofinsteadofenhancingourindividualitiesandimaginations,hadreducedsameness.Itwasnotauniquescene.Allovertheworld,educationsuppliestheeconomywithworkerswhowillincreaseButthisthreatensourverysurvival.Iftheentireworldreachesthelevelsofconsumptionseenhigh-incomecountrieswe’llneedplanetEarthssupplytheresources.Thesustainabledevelopmentgoalscallforturningeducationintoaforceforsustainabilitybuttheoppositeoftentrue:thewaysthinkabouteducationundermineourabilitydealwiththeenvironmentalcrisis.AsaneducationImanychildrengoingthroughlearning—Indianpupilsrepeatingthesentenceswrittenbytheirteacherblackboard,aSouthAfricanchildyelledatbyteacherforfailingrecitethetext.Rotelearningdiscouragingindividualitychildrenareattherootofwhatmeansbeeducatedacrossmuchoftheworld.Ontheotherhand,ourfocusontechnologicalsolutionstheenvironmentalcrisisdrivingourapproacheducation.MorestudentsatBritishuniversitiesarestudyingscience,engineeringandmathematics(STEM)everbefore,includingapercentincreaseenrollmentAIcoursesoverthelast10years.ComparedtoSTEM,socialsciencesandhumanitiesareunderfundedseenaslessimportant.Butthisapproachcounterproductivebecausenon-STEMsubjectsarecrucialdevelopourreimaginetheworld.evenputourhopetheenvironmentalcrisisonAI.makegooduseofnetworkstracklandusethroughsatelliteimageryandpredictextremeButAI,likeourothertechnologies,onlytreatthesymptoms癥狀)oftheenvironmentalcrisis,notthecauses.Theselackofsensitivityourimpactontheplanet.UnlikeAI,childrenarenaturallyimaginative.Nurturingimaginationmeansseeinginspirationimaginations.aneducationsystemthatcelebratesimagination,artsandcreativityasimportantasmathandscience.Theenvironmentalcrisisnotacrisisoftechnologyorscience,acrisisofimagination.Ifweletchildrenbeourguides,wemightjustbeableimaginewaysurvival.27.Whatmainlytalkedthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Theresolutionofsurvivalproblems.C.Theadverseimpactofoverconsumption.B.Thenegativeofpresenteducation.D.Theconstantthreateconomic28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undermine”P(pán)aragraph3probablymean?A.Change.B.Resist.C.Recall.D.29.Theauthormayagree______.A.theapplicationofAIneedsbelimitedC.creativitydominatedsciencesB.emphasisshouldbelaidsocialsciencesD.technologythefortheenvironmentalcrisis第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Peopleconnecttheirculturalorethnicgroupthroughfoodpatterns.Peopledifferentculturalbackgroundseatfoods.____30____Thesefoodpreferencesresultpatternsoffoodchoiceswithinaculturalorregionalgroup.Regionalfoodhabitsdobuttheyalsochangeovertime.____31____Theymayusetheiroldrecipeswithingredients,orexperimentwithrecipesmatchtheirowntastes.Becausepeopleandfoodaremobile,attemptscharacterizeacountryorpeoplebywhattheyeatareofteninaccurate.Inadditionimpactingfoodchoices,culturealsoplaysarolefood-relatedetiquette禮節(jié)).Forexample,theamountpeopleeatleaveuneatenvariesfromcultureculture.SomepeopleMiddleEasternSoutheastAsiancountriesmightleaveabitoffoodtheirplatesorderindicatethattheirhungerhasbeensatisfied.____32____acleanplatemightsignifyeithersatisfactionwiththemealordesireformorefood.____33____Manyfamiliesbelievethatmealtimeagoodtimecommunicate“catchup”onthelivesoffamilyandfriends.Amongotherfamilies,talkingduringamealacceptable,butthetopicsarelimited.InsomeSoutheastAsiancountries,consideredpolitekeepsilentduringaEvenamongpeoplewhosharesimilarculturalbackgrounds,eatingpatternsareidentical.eatdifferentlyfromwomen.____34____mostoftheworld,foodassociatedwithexpressionoffriendship.Therefore,sensitivityfoodcustomsimportantcross-culturalcommunication.A.PeopledifferentgroupseatB.Aspeopleimmigrate;foodpreferencesareexported.C.Fooditemsthemselveshavemeaningattachedthem.D.Theareaswhichfamiliesliveinfluencefoodlikesdislikes.E.Oneofthereasonsthatfooditselfbroughtothercountries.Besides,theroleofconversationduringmealtimevariesfromplaceplace.G.cooksfromotherlocationsmightbedispleasedfoodleftontheplate.閱讀下面短文并回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)將答案書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡相應(yīng)位置。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問(wèn)題。Doyouthinkyou’reagoodlistener?Chancesaredo.Butstudiesshowthatmostpeopleseriouslyoverestimatetheirabilitylisten.Thetruthwegenerallynotgoodatlistening,ourlisteningcomprehensiondeclinesasweage.Whywegoodatlistening?Onereasonconcernsspeedatwhichwethink.Theadultbrainprocessuparound400wordsperminute.Thismeansduringaconversationanaveragepersonthinksmorethanthreetimesfasterthanhespeaks.Therefore,wecanthinkaboutsomethingelsewhilesomeonetalkingus,allowingourmindwanderorgetsidetracked.Thinkingaboutyouwillreplywhilesomeonetalkingoneofthemostcommonbarrierseffectivelistening.Anotherfactorthatcontributesourpoorlisteningourever-decreasingattentionspan持續(xù)時(shí)間).AccordingstudyconductedbyMicrosoft,—aroundthetimetherevolutionbegan—theaveragehumanattentionspanwas12seconds;by2013,hadfallen8seconds!Ourmobiledevicesprovideconstantdistractions,whichbeverydestructivelistening.resultshaveshownthatbeinginterruptedbyacellphonelowerslisteningcomprehensionby20percent.Interruptionsanddistractionscancauseadramaticdeclinelisteningability—buttheyhaveMoreandmorepeoplerealizethatlisteningaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpractice.Learningobserveaspeaker’sbodylanguageandemotions,forexample,canimproveouractivelistening.Eventhesimpleactofnote-takingormakingcontactcanhelpusstayfocusedwhilelistening.TherewardsofeffectivelisteningareResearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhoaregoodlistenersmakebetterleaders.Andarecentstudyindicatesthatemployeeswhodon’tbelievetheirbosseslisteningthemarelesslikelyofferhelpfulsuggestionsandideas.AsRalphNicholsoncesaid,mostbasicofallhumanneedstheneedunderstandandbeunderstood.Thebestwayunderstandpeoplelistenthem.”35.AccordingParagraph2,whyeasyforusgetdistractedduringaconversation?36.Whathascauseddecreaseofourattentionspan?37.Pleasedecidewhichpartfalsethefollowingstatement,thenunderlineandexplainThedeclineoflisteningcausedbydistractionssharp,ithardprevented.38.Pleaseintroducetherewardsthateffectivelisteningbringsyou.四、翻譯句子（共5小題；每小題2分，共分）請(qǐng)使用括號(hào)中所給的單詞或詞組的適當(dāng)形式將下面的句子翻譯成英文，并將答案書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置。39.convey）(漢譯英)40.makeupmind）(漢譯英)41.regardlessof）(漢譯英)42.看到有人窒息，Kathychoke）(漢譯英)43.onbehalfof）漢譯英)五、書(shū)面表達(dá)（20分）44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華。你的美國(guó)筆友Jim明年將參加美國(guó)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試，發(fā)來(lái)郵件說(shuō)感覺(jué)壓力大。請(qǐng)你給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.如何緩解壓力；2.暑期生活建議。注意：1.字左右；2.開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,LiHua參考答案一、完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.CAD7.B8.CB10.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了帕斯博格在回家的路上遇到火災(zāi)，毫不猶豫地進(jìn)入火海并成功救出一家人的事跡?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：拉蒙·帕斯博格開(kāi)車(chē)回家時(shí)聞到了煙味，看到一家房子窗外有火焰。A.staying停留；B.moving移動(dòng)；C.walking散步；D.driving駕駛。根據(jù)第三段的“Pasborgdrovethefamilytheendofthe的路上遇到了這起火災(zāi)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：帕斯博格決定把車(chē)駛?cè)胍慌缘乃郊臆?chē)道停下，在那里他看到一個(gè)小女孩和兩個(gè)男孩離開(kāi)了房子。A.pull停車(chē)；B.run遇見(jiàn)；C.breakinto強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；D.lookinto調(diào)查。根據(jù)后文的“heenteredthe（他進(jìn)了屋）”可知，帕斯伯格將車(chē)停好準(zhǔn)備接下來(lái)的救人。故選A【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們告訴帕斯伯格，他們的母親和4歲的弟弟還在里面，然后他毫不猶豫地進(jìn)入了屋內(nèi)。A.question問(wèn)題；B.hesitation猶豫不決；C.permission允許；D.expectation期望。根據(jù)后文的“Pasborgcouldnotanythinginsidebecauseofsmokes.（帕斯博格因?yàn)闈鉄煻床坏嚼锩娴娜魏螙|withouthesitation：毫不猶豫。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他立即摟住少年的腰，將他抱起來(lái)，往外走。A.touched接觸；B.surrounded包圍；C.grabbed抓??；D.shook搖擺。發(fā)現(xiàn)男孩后他要救孩子出去，grabsb.aroundthewaist：抓住某人的腰部。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：溫度低于零下，帕斯博格迅速將四個(gè)孩子全部送進(jìn)卡車(chē)取暖，然后第二次進(jìn)入著火的家，這次他是從廚房爬到屋子更深處，尋找孩子們失蹤的母親。A.warm溫暖的；B.calm的；C.cleanD.awake清醒的。根據(jù)“atemperaturebelowzero（溫度低于零下）”可知，戶外很冷，帕斯博格將四個(gè)孩子送進(jìn)卡車(chē)取暖。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：溫度低于零下，帕斯博格迅速將四個(gè)孩子全部送進(jìn)卡車(chē)取暖，然后第二次進(jìn)入著火的家，這次他是從廚房爬到屋子更深處，尋找孩子們失蹤的母親。A.lower更低地；B.closer地；C.higher更高地；D.deeper更深地。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知，帕斯博格第一輪救人沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們的母親，因此帕斯博格第二輪救人就要更加深入屋內(nèi)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：將她拖到外面后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)她已經(jīng)沒(méi)有反應(yīng)，沒(méi)有呼吸了，于是他開(kāi)始采取救生措施，直到她突然深吸了一口氣。A.discouraged泄氣的；B.unresponsive無(wú)反應(yīng)的；C.impatient沒(méi)有耐心的；D.unpleasant不愉快的。根據(jù)“nolongerbreathing（不再呼吸）”可知，這位母親暫時(shí)沒(méi)有了反應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：帕斯博格隨后開(kāi)車(chē)將一家人送到靠近高速公路的車(chē)道盡頭，在那里等待急救人員的到來(lái)。A.entry進(jìn)入；B.return返回；C.arrival到達(dá)；D.guide導(dǎo)游。根據(jù)“firstresponders（急救人員）”可知，帕斯博格救出一家人后開(kāi)車(chē)將他們送到高速公路的車(chē)道盡頭是為了“等待”急救人員的到來(lái)。故選C【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：家人被帕斯博格所表現(xiàn)出的勇氣和無(wú)私所感動(dòng)。A.loyalty忠誠(chéng)；B.courage勇氣；C.generosity慷慨；D.humbleness謙遜。由第3題的分析可知，帕斯博格毫不猶豫地進(jìn)入火海去救他人，看得出他很勇敢和無(wú)私。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位英雄愿意冒著生命危險(xiǎn)拯救這個(gè)家庭，這對(duì)這個(gè)年輕的母親和她的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)是生死攸關(guān)的大事。A.冒險(xiǎn)；sustain維持，支撐；C.adjust調(diào)整；D.save挽救。由上一題的分析可知，帕斯博格勇敢地進(jìn)入火海救人，這是冒著生命危險(xiǎn)的。故選A二、語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）【答案】originated12.preserve13.generally【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了點(diǎn)心的起源和制作過(guò)程?！绢}詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：它起源于一千多年前的廣州城。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“thanathousandyears”可知，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填originated?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：粵菜廚師的目標(biāo)是保持食物的原汁原味。此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容或表示目的。故填preserve?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：通常使用很少的香料或糖。使用副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)“used”。故填generally?！敬鸢浮縮pecialists15.whatever【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章簡(jiǎn)介了緊急醫(yī)療服務(wù)和專家之一凱特·埃爾金斯，以及她的經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談。【14題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：凱特·埃爾金斯是緊急醫(yī)療服務(wù)和專家之一。oneof后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，EmergencyMedicalServices(EMS)為該名詞的前置定語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)specialists，意為“專家們”。故填specialists?！?5題詳解】考查感嘆句。句意：第一手的經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴她，擁有一個(gè)儲(chǔ)備充足、維護(hù)良好的急救箱是多么重要。此處考查感嘆句，因設(shè)空處后為形容詞important，應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)感嘆句。故填?！?6題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：在危機(jī)中，你不會(huì)有時(shí)間去商店買(mǎi)你需要的任何東西。設(shè)空處在動(dòng)詞get后，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，此處應(yīng)用whatever，意為“任何……的事物”，表強(qiáng)調(diào)。故填whatever?！敬鸢浮縢aining18.which20.relaxing【解析】19.comsune【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹電子游戲玩家的大腦中多巴胺含量往往很高，過(guò)度游戲會(huì)對(duì)兒童的社會(huì)生活產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和獎(jiǎng)品的前景可能會(huì)使玩家變得興奮，從而產(chǎn)生不必要的多巴胺。分析句子可知，介詞of后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填gaining?！?8題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和獎(jiǎng)品的前景可能會(huì)使玩家變得興奮，從而產(chǎn)生不必要的多巴胺。分析句子可知，這里考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代前面整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容。故填which?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：正如對(duì)酒精上癮會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們喝更多的酒一樣，玩家也會(huì)對(duì)游戲上癮。分析句子可知，這里考查causesbsth表“使某人做某事”，為固定搭配。故填comsune?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：游戲當(dāng)然是有趣和放松的，但過(guò)度的游戲會(huì)導(dǎo)致青少年近視，并對(duì)兒童的社會(huì)生活產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填形容詞和前面fun并列作表語(yǔ)，修飾Gaming應(yīng)用relaxing，表“令人放松的”。故填relaxing。三、閱讀理解（共三節(jié)，40分）【答案】C22.B23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了落基山脈的全日觀光游并提供了詳細(xì)的旅游指南信息?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Departure(離開(kāi)時(shí)間)部分的“9:00AM”（上午九點(diǎn)）可知，要享受這個(gè)全日游，游客需要上午9點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)接送點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LakeMinnewanka部分的“ThisstopprovidessomeinterestinghistoryofhowthingshavechangedNationalParkovertheyears.”（這里提供了這些年來(lái)有關(guān)于班夫國(guó)家公園變化的有趣歷B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CancellationPolicy部分的“Thisexperiencerequiresaminimumnumberoftravelers.canceledyou’llbeadifferentdateorafull”（這種體驗(yàn)需要旅行者達(dá)到最低人數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如果它故選C項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緿25.C26.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了加利福尼亞一所小學(xué)的藝術(shù)老師克蘭西開(kāi)通了熱線電話來(lái)幫助學(xué)生減壓，現(xiàn)在它越來(lái)越受到人們的歡迎?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Clancystartedthehotlinebecauseshewasconcernedaboutthestressfulthingsthatherstudentshadgonethrough.Sheaimsbringjoybackintolivesofherstudents,whorangefrom512.（克蘭西開(kāi)通熱線電話是因?yàn)樗龘?dān)心她的學(xué)生經(jīng)歷的那些帶來(lái)很大壓力的事情。她的目標(biāo)是為5至12難時(shí)能夠振奮自己的精神狀態(tài)。故選D【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Ifyouneedhearkidslaughingwithdelight,press4.（如果你需要聽(tīng)到孩子們開(kāi)心的笑聲，請(qǐng)按4）”可知，通過(guò)該熱線，來(lái)電者可以聆聽(tīng)孩子們的笑聲。故選C【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Whentheprojectfirststarted,ClancyhopedthehotlinewouldreceivecallsanButwithindaysthehotlinewasgettingover500callsan（項(xiàng)目剛開(kāi)始時(shí)，克蘭西希望熱線每小時(shí)能接到個(gè)電話。但在兩天內(nèi)，這條熱線每小時(shí)接到超過(guò)500來(lái)越受人歡迎。故選A【答案】B28.D29.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了當(dāng)前教育削弱了學(xué)生的想象力和創(chuàng)造力以及對(duì)于社會(huì)科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科的不重視所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，進(jìn)而提出要重視培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力和創(chuàng)造力。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Itwasasouryearsofinsteadofenhancingourindividualitiesandimaginations,hadreducedsameness.”（就好像我們多年的學(xué)習(xí)并沒(méi)有增強(qiáng)我們的個(gè)性和想象力，而Alloverworld,educationsuppliestheeconomywithworkerswhowillincreaseButthisthreatensourverysurvival.”（在世界各地，教育為經(jīng)濟(jì)提供了可Thesustainabledevelopmentgoalsforturningeducationintoaforceforbuttheoppositeoftentrue:thewayswethinkabouteducationundermineourabilitydealwiththeenvironmentalcrisis.”（可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)要求將教育轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭扇沃v了當(dāng)前教育削弱了學(xué)生的想象力、威脅到了人類(lèi)的生存和削弱了人類(lèi)應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境危機(jī)的能力，即前三段主要講述了當(dāng)前教育帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。故選B【28題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由上一題的分析可知，教育雖然為提高生產(chǎn)力起到了積極的作用，但是卻威脅到了人們的生存，因此才會(huì)有可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的提出。再根據(jù)第三段的“Thesustainabledevelopmentgoalscallforturningeducationintoaforceforbuttheoppositeoftentrue:thewaysthinkabouteducationundermineourabilitydealwiththeenvironmentalcrisis.”（可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)要求將教育轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的力量，但事實(shí)往往恰恰相反：我們對(duì)教育的看法undermine育沒(méi)能為可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供力量，卻是相反的作用，即教育削弱了人類(lèi)應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境危機(jī)的能力，因此weaken可以解釋劃線詞。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“UnlikeAI,childrennaturallyimaginative.Nurturingimaginationmeansseeinginspirationchildren'simaginations.aneducationsystemthatcelebratesimagination,artsandcreativityareasimportantasmathandscience.Theenvironmentalcrisisnotacrisisoftechnologyorscience,acrisisofimagination.Ifweletchildrenbeguides,wemightjustbeableimaginewaysurvival.”（與人工智能不同，孩子們天生具有想象力。培養(yǎng)想象力意味著從孩子的想象力中看到靈感。在一個(gè)崇尚想象力的教育體系中，藝術(shù)和創(chuàng)造力與數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)一樣重要。環(huán)境危機(jī)不是技術(shù)或科學(xué)的危機(jī)，而是想象力的危于兒童，兒童的創(chuàng)造力也許會(huì)帶來(lái)解決危機(jī)的辦法，因此創(chuàng)造力源于兒童所受到的科學(xué)教育。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）【答案】D31.B32.GFA【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了在不同的文化中飲食模式不同的原因?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)“Peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundseatdifferentfoods.不同文化背景的人吃不同的食物)”以及“Thesefoodpreferencesresultpatternsoffoodchoiceswithinaculturalorregionalgroup.(這些食物偏好導(dǎo)致了文化或區(qū)域群體內(nèi)的食物選擇模式”可知，不同文化背景的人吃不同的食物，而家庭所居住的局域也會(huì)對(duì)食物的偏好有所影響。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“家庭居住的地區(qū)影響食物的好惡”符合語(yǔ)境，和前一句話共同解釋了造成飲食偏好的原因。故選D?！?1題詳解】根據(jù)“Theymayusetheirrecipeswithingredients,orexperimentwithrecipesmatchtheirowntastes.Becausepeoplearemobile,attemptscharacterizeacountryorbywhattheyeatareofteninaccurate.(他們可能會(huì)用他們的老食譜搭配新的配料，或者嘗試新的食譜來(lái)滿足自己的口味。因?yàn)槿撕褪澄锸橇鲃?dòng)的，所以試圖通過(guò)吃什么來(lái)描述一個(gè)國(guó)家或一個(gè)人往往是不準(zhǔn)確的”可知，因?yàn)槿丝诤褪澄锒际橇鲃?dòng)的，所以人們吃的食物也會(huì)因?yàn)槿丝诤褪澄锏牧鲃?dòng)而改變。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“隨著人們的移民，食物偏好被輸出”符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)中的immigrate和下文中“peoplefoodare”相呼應(yīng)。故選B。【32題詳解】根據(jù)“additionimpactingfoodchoices,culturealsoplaysarolefood-relatedetiquette禮節(jié)).(除了影響食物選擇外，文化也在與食物相關(guān)的禮儀中發(fā)揮作用)”以及“SomepeopleMiddleEasternandSoutheastAsiancountriesmightleaveabitoffoodtheirplatesorderindicatethattheirhungerhasbeensatisfied.(一些來(lái)自中東和東南亞國(guó)家的人可能會(huì)在盤(pán)子里留下一點(diǎn)食物，以表明他們的饑餓得到了滿足)”可知，文化的不同也在與食物相關(guān)的禮儀中發(fā)揮作用，而且文中舉了幾個(gè)不同的飲食習(xí)俗。由此可知，G項(xiàng)“然而，如果食物留在盤(pán)子里，其他地方的廚師可能會(huì)不高興”符合語(yǔ)境。G項(xiàng)中的however和前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而且也是在舉例說(shuō)明不同的飲食習(xí)俗。故選G?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)“Manyfamiliesbelievethatmealtimeagoodtimecommunicate“catchup”onthelivesoffamilyandfriends.(許多家庭認(rèn)為，進(jìn)餐時(shí)間是溝通和“趕上”家人和朋友生活的好時(shí)機(jī))”可知，本段主要講述進(jìn)餐時(shí)間是和家人溝通的好時(shí)機(jī)。由此可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“此外，在進(jìn)餐時(shí)間交談的作用因地而異”符合語(yǔ)境。F項(xiàng)中的conversation和下文中的communicate相呼應(yīng)。故選F?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)“Evenamongpeoplewhosharesimilarculturalbackgrounds,eatingpatternsnotidentical.meneatdifferentlyfromwomen.(即使在文化背景相似的人群中，飲食模式也不盡相同。此外，男性的飲食與女性不同”可知，本段主要講述即使在文化相同的人群中，飲食習(xí)慣也會(huì)不同。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“不同年齡段的人吃得不同”符合語(yǔ)境。和前一句話共同構(gòu)成了“即使在文化相同的人群中，飲食習(xí)慣也會(huì)不同”的兩個(gè)方面。故選A。閱讀下面短文并回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)將答案書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡相應(yīng)位置?！敬鸢浮緽ecauseduringaconversationanaveragepersonthinksthanthreetimesfasterthanhespeaksandhemaythinkabout36.Ourdevices37.Thedeclineoflisteningcausedbydistractionssharp,andbe.BecauseMoremorepeoplerealizethatlisteningaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpractice.38.參考答案:Firstofall,goodlistenersmakebettermoreallowsusunderstandothers’views,taketheirstrengthsandunderstandtheirlogicalthinking.Inaddition,beingalistenergoodforusdealwithindividualproblemsandimproveourpersonalqualities!【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述我們通常不擅長(zhǎng)傾聽(tīng)，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們的傾聽(tīng)理解能力會(huì)下降，并分析我們不擅長(zhǎng)傾聽(tīng)的原因?！?5題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由文章第二段“Onereasonconcernsthespeedatwhichwethink.Theadultbraincanprocessuparoundwordsperminute.Thismeansduringaconversationanaveragepersonthinksmorethanthreetimesfasterthanhespeaks.Therefore,wecaneasilyaboutsomethingelsewhilesomeonetalkingus,allowingourmindwanderorgetsidetracked.(一個(gè)原因與我們思考的速度有關(guān)。成年人的大腦每分鐘可以處理大約個(gè)單詞。這意味著在談話中，一個(gè)普通人的思考速度是他說(shuō)話速度的三倍以上。因此，當(dāng)有人和我們說(shuō)話時(shí)，我們可以很容易地想到其他事情，讓我們的思想四處游蕩或偏離方向。)”和“Thinkingabouthowyouwillreplywhilesomeonetalkingoneofthemostcommonbarrierseffectivelistening.(當(dāng)別人還在說(shuō)話時(shí)思考你會(huì)如何回答是有效傾聽(tīng)最常見(jiàn)的障礙之一。)”可知，是因?yàn)槲覀兯伎嫉乃俣缺任覀冋f(shuō)話的速度快很多和思考你會(huì)如何回答，導(dǎo)致我們會(huì)分心。故答案為Becauseduringaconversationanaveragepersonthinksmorethanthreetimesfasterthanhespeakshemaythinkabout【36題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由文章第三段“AccordingconductedbyMicrosoft,2000—aroundthethemobilerevolutionbegan—theaveragehumanattentionspanwas12seconds;by2013,hadfallen8seconds!Ourmobiledevicesprovideconstantdistractions,whichcanbedestructivelistening.根據(jù)微軟的研究，2000年移動(dòng)革命開(kāi)始前后，人類(lèi)的平均注意力跨度為12秒；到2013年，它已經(jīng)下降到8秒！我們的移動(dòng)設(shè)備會(huì)不斷分散注意力，這會(huì)對(duì)聽(tīng)力造成很大破壞。)”可知，我們的移動(dòng)設(shè)備會(huì)讓我們降低注意力時(shí)長(zhǎng)。故答案為Ourdevices.【37題詳解】考查推理判斷。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Interruptionsdistractionscancauseadramaticdeclinelisteningability—buttheydon'thaveMoremorepeoplerealizethatlisteningathatcanbedevelopedthroughpractice.Learningobserveabodylanguageandemotions,forexample,canimproveouractivelistening.Eventhesimpleofnote-takingormakingcontactcanhelpusstayfocusedwhilelistening.(干擾和分心可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致聽(tīng)力能力急劇下降，但并非必須如此。越來(lái)越多的人現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到傾聽(tīng)是一種可以通過(guò)練習(xí)來(lái)改善的技能。例如，學(xué)習(xí)觀察說(shuō)話者的肢體語(yǔ)言和情緒可以提高我們的積極聽(tīng)力。即使是簡(jiǎn)單的記筆記或眼神交流也能幫助我們?cè)诼?tīng)的時(shí)候保持專注。”可知，聽(tīng)力能力下降是可以防范的，我們可以練習(xí)來(lái)改善聽(tīng)力技能。因此原句中的“hardbeprevented.”是錯(cuò)誤的，故答案為T(mén)hedeclineoflisteningabilitycausedbydistractionssharp,andhardbeprevented.BecauseMoremorepeoplerealizethatlisteningaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpractice.【38題詳解】開(kāi)放題。根據(jù)最后一段“TherewardsoflisteningareResearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhoaregoodl