高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 限時規(guī)范練38 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 新人教版選修8-新人教版高三選修8英語試題

限時規(guī)范練38Unit3Inventorsandinventions核心素養(yǎng)關(guān)鍵詞:培養(yǎng)學(xué)生人與社會、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的素養(yǎng)能力意識一、閱讀理解A“Garliccoffee”canbegoodnewstocoffee-lovingpregnantwomenasamaninnortheasternJapaninventedthedrinkthatlooksandtasteslikecoffeebutismadeupentirelyoflocallygrowngarlic.“Mydrinkisprobablytheworld’sfirstofitskind,”said75-year-oldYokitomoShimotai,whowasacoffeeshopownerinAomoriPrefecture.“Itcontainsnocaffeinesoit’sgoodforthosewhowouldliketodrinkcoffeeatnightorpregnantwomen.”Shimotai,whostartedthedrink’ssaleinJanuary2017,saidthedrinkwasaccidentallymadefromacookingmistakeabout30yearsago,whenheburnedasteakandgarlicwhilewaitingtablesathisshop.Hemashed(搗爛)theburntgarlicwithaspoonandmixeditwithhotwater.Whenhedrankit,hewassurprisedatits“coffee-liketaste”withbitterness.Shimotaibeganresearchingthedrinkafterretirement,aimedatturningitintoaproduct.Afterrepeatingtrialsanderrorsonthebestwaytomakeit,hecreateda“coffee”hecanbesatisfiedwithaboutsixyearsagobyusinganelectricfurnace(火爐)toroastthegarlic.Aftercoolingit,thegarlicismashedup.Shimotaitookapatentonthemethodin2015,andopenedaworkshopinneighboringIwatePrefecture.Whilehisdrinkhasapleasantsmellofroastedgarlic,itwillnotcausebadbreathbecauseitiscarefullyandfullyroasted,accordingtoShimotai.ThedrinkisnowavailableattwosouvenirshopsinAomoriPrefecture,orbyorderingbytelephone.Apacketcontainingonecupofgarliccoffeecosts324yen($2.8).OrderscanbemadewithhisworkshopcalledTechnoBaisenKoboat0195(37)1999inthecityofNinohe,IwatePrefecture.1.Whatmakes“garliccoffee”special?A.Itisn’tbitteratall.B.Itiscaffeine-free.C.Itdoesn’ttastelikecoffee.D.Itisespeciallygoodfornightworkers.2.WhatledtoShimotai’sinventionof“garliccoffee”?A.Acookingmistake.B.Themarketcompetition.C.Pregnantwomen’sdemand.D.Hisloveforgarlicandcoffee.3.Whereis“garliccoffee”produced?A.AtShinotai’shome.B.AtShimotai’scoffeeshop.C.AtTechnoBaisenKoboinIwatePrefecture.D.AttwosouvenirshopsinAomoriPrefecture.4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toencourageinvention.B.Toadvertise“garliccoffee”.C.Tointroduce“garliccoffee”.D.TopraiseYokitomoShimotai.BEveryoneknowschameleons(變色龍)canchangecolor,butwhydotheydoit?Supposeyouweregiventhesethreeoptions:(a)tomatchwiththeirsurroundings,(b)togetamate,or(c)toimpresshumans.Mostpeoplewouldchoose(a).Buttherealansweris(b).It’snotahard-and-fastrule:thereisevidencethatthecolorfulchangesofsomechameleonscanbeadisguise.Forinstance,thesmall-sizedchameleonBradypodiontaeniabronchumseemstomatchitssurroundingsmorecloselywhenfacinganenemywithbettercolorvision.Formostchameleons,however,changingcolorisallaboutgettingamate.Intheirnaturalenvironment,mostchameleonsmatchwiththeirsurroundingsprettywell,saysecologistKristopherKarstenofCaliforniaLutheranUniversityinThousandOaks.Sowhentheychangecolor,theytendtomakethemselveseasiertonotice.Competingmaleswilloftenbattleitoutwithacolor-changefight.Thecolor-changeprocessdoesn’tworkthewayyoumightexpectittoeither.Mostofuswouldthinkitisachievedbysomekindofpigments(色素).ButastudypublishedinMarch2015suggeststhatthecolorchangeshavenothingtodowithchemistryatall.Instead,itturnsouttherearesomenanocrystals(納米晶體)withinthechameleon’scells.Bychangingthepositionsofthesecrystals,thechameleoncanshowdifferentshadesofcolor.It’snotjustabouthowchameleonslook.Theyarealsounusuallygoodatusingtheireyes.InaneatstudypublishedinJuly2015,zoologistsshowedchameleonstwoobjectsthatmovedaroundacomputerscreen.Thechameleonswereabletosplittheirvision,eacheyeindependentlyfocusingonadifferentobject.Eventually,thechameleonsseemedtomakeachoice,botheyeslockingontothesametarget.Thiswaytheycoulddoabetterjobofjudginghowfarawaytheobjectswere—andthushowfartoshootouttheirtongues.Allthatsaid,thereisalotthatwestilldon’tknowaboutchameleons.5.WhydoesBradypodiontaeniabronchumchangecolor?A.Tohuntfood.B.Tocheatitsenemies.C.Tomakeitselfdisappear.D.Toattracthuman’sattention.6.Howdomalechameleonscompetewitheachotherforamate?A.Bychangingcolor.B.Bystaringateachother.C.Byfightingwitheachother.D.Bymatchingwiththeirsurroundings.7.Howdochameleonschangecolor?A.Byproducingmorenanocrystals.B.Byusingdifferentkindsofpigments.C.Bychangingthepositionsoftheircells.D.Bychangingthepositionsoftheirnanocrystals.8.Whatisspecialaboutchameleons’eyes?A.Theycantelldifferentcolors.B.Theycanseeobjectsfromalongdistance.C.Theycannoticeobjectsonacomputerscreen.D.Theycanfocusontwoobjectsatonetime.二、完形填空AlonzoJohnsonstopped.Hedecidedtohelpa(n)1elderlymandownanescalator(自動扶梯)inaMassachusettsshoppingmalllastweek,2the23-year-oldcouldneverhavepredictedthathissimple,randomactofkindnesswouldwinhimthe3ofthousandsofpeopleonline.

Anoldman4atthetopofanescalatorandafewpeoplestartedgathering5togeton.Itwasclearhewasfeeling6astowhethertostepontotheescalatorornot.Johnsonspottedtheseniorcitizenhesitatingand7thesimplestkindness.Hereachedouta(n)8andaskedwithasmileonhisface,“CanIhelpyou,sir?”

Theoldmanquietlystartedto9totheyoungmanthathehadgottenstuckonanescalatoronceandwasalittle10.Theyoungmangentlyofferedhisassurance,they11eachothereyetoeyeforjustamomentandtheoldman12hisarm.Everyoneelseremained13andwaited.

PaulaPicardandafriendwerestandingnearbyand14totakeatouchingphotoofthepairlinkingarmsasthey15theescalatortogether.Shepostedthe16onFacebookanditspread17withmorethan420,000likesand25,000commentsinjustafewhours.

Johnsonsaidhenever18hisactionswouldreachsomanypeople.

“HelookedveryafraidandIthoughtmaybeIcould19,”Johnsonsaid.“Mymomalwaystellsustobeniceanddothe20thing.It’sreallythewayIwasbroughtupandhowIwasraised.”

1.A.busy B.frightened C.injured D.blind2.A.so B.if C.but D.because3.A.praise B.blame C.happiness D.anger4.A.stopped B.worked C.read D.fell5.A.running B.pushing C.shouting D.waiting6.A.hopeful B.convenientC.unsure D.uncomfortable7.A.offered B.sold C.wanted D.took8.A.eye B.arm C.rope D.stick9.A.promise B.proveC.apologize D.explain10.A.excited B.surprisedC.scared D.disappointed11.A.arguedwith B.listenedtoC.lookedat D.raninto12.A.accepted B.shook C.refused D.left13.A.anxious B.patient C.interested D.worried14.A.managed B.avoided C.asked D.failed15.A.talkedabout B.walkedtowardsC.wentdown D.searchedfor16.A.message B.CommentC.example D.photo17.A.differently B.quicklyC.strangely D.completely18.A.meant B.admittedC.understood D.expected19.A.help B.follow C.see D.smile20.A.easy B.famous C.right D.perfect三、短文改錯Whenaskingaboutmymother,Ioftenreplythatsheisperhapstheonlyonecanunderstandmyfeelingswithoutanyexchangeofwords.Tomyview,there’snothingstrongthanherloveforme.Sheknowshowtomakemesmileandatthesametimeknowshowtomakemebehaveme.Mostimportant,shealwaysdoeswhatshecantohelpmeparticularlywhenIaminthetrouble.OnasaddayIwillalwaysbecomehappier,justbyseeherlovingeyesandencouragedsmile.Mymotherwas,isandwillalwaysbemyfirstandbestfriendsforever.參考答案限時規(guī)范練38(選修8Unit3)一、【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文。一位日本老人用大蒜作為原料發(fā)明了一款特別的咖啡。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Itcontainsnocaffeine”可知,大蒜咖啡不含咖啡因成分。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“...thedrinkwasaccidentallymadefromacookingmistakeabout30yearsago”可知,Shimotai因為一次烹飪失誤意外做成了這種咖啡。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第四段中的“...openedaworkshopinneighboringIwatePrefecture”以及最后一段中的“OrderscanbemadewithhisworkshopcalledTechnoBaisenKobo”可知,Shimotai開了一間工作坊制作大蒜咖啡,這間工作坊名叫TechnoBaisenKobo。4.C寫作目的題。本文主要介紹了大蒜咖啡發(fā)明的契機以及其制作過程,有關(guān)它的生產(chǎn)與銷售文中只是略有提及,故選C項?！酒聦?dǎo)讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了變色龍變色的原因、方法及其眼睛的特殊之處。5.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“...thereisevidencethatthecolorfulchangesofsomechameleons...facinganenemywithbettercolorvision”可知,有些變色龍改變身體顏色是為了偽裝自己,而Bradypodiontaeniabronchum這種變色龍便是其中的一個例子,它碰到色彩視感強的敵人時,會變成與周圍環(huán)境更接近的顏色,以迷惑敵人。6.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Competingmaleswilloftenbattleitoutwithacolor-changefight.”可知,雄性變色龍決斗的方式是“變色大戰(zhàn)”。7.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“Bychangingthepositionsofthesecrystals...differentshadesofcolor”可知,變色龍通過改變細(xì)胞內(nèi)納米晶體的位置來顯示不同的顏色,從而達(dá)到改變身體顏色的效果。8.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thechameleonswereabletosplit...independentlyfocusingonadifferentobject.”可知,變色龍的兩只眼睛可以同時分別聚焦在不同的物體上面。二、【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是記敘文。一位老人不敢乘坐自動扶梯,一位年輕人伸出援手,熱心幫忙。1.B由最后一段中的“Helookedveryafraid”可知,Johnson看到老人時,老人看起來非?！昂ε?frightened)”。2.CJohnson幫助老人下扶梯,這一小小的善舉獲得了網(wǎng)友的廣泛關(guān)注,這是他始料未及的,該空前后兩句話存在語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填but。3.A由下文“morethan420,000likesand25,000comments”可知,Johnson扶老人下扶梯的照片獲得大量的點贊與評論,他的善舉贏得了人們的“稱贊(praise)”。4.A由下文“afewpeoplestartedgathering”以及“whethertostepontotheescalatorornot”可知,老人沒有走上扶梯,他身后已經(jīng)聚集了一些人,由此可推斷,老人此時“停(stopped)”在扶梯頂端。5.D下文“Everyoneel