高考英語(yǔ)培優(yōu)增分一輪人教經(jīng)典版培優(yōu)講義必修51Unit1Greatscientists

eq\b\lc\\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(\o(\s\up7(第一部分),\s\do5(教材重點(diǎn)全程攻略))))必修5話題素材——偉大的科學(xué)家[話題詞匯]1．observevt.觀察2．creativeadj.富有創(chuàng)造力的3．inspirevt.鼓舞；激勵(lì)4．determinationn.決心5．researchv.研究6．becuriousabout對(duì)……好奇7．insearch_of尋找8．a(chǎn)pply...to...把……運(yùn)用于……9．behonoredas被譽(yù)為……10．takemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事11．bynomeans決不12．giveup放棄13．bedevotedto投身于/致力于……14．becrazyabout對(duì)……狂熱/著迷15．be_active_in積極從事于[經(jīng)典佳句]1．Sciencehasbrought_aboutmanychangesinourlives.科學(xué)為我們的生活帶來(lái)很多變化。2．Althoughhehaswon_countless_honors,_henevershows_any_signs_of_pride.盡管他獲得了無(wú)數(shù)的榮譽(yù)，他卻從未有過(guò)任何驕傲的跡象。3．Manyscientistsregardtimeasthemostimportantthinginlife.許多科學(xué)家把時(shí)間看作是生命中最重要的東西。精美語(yǔ)篇TuYouyou,afamousfemalepharmacologistandscientist,wasborninNingbo,ZhejiangProvinceonDecember30th,1930.In1951,shewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversity,majoringinmakingmedicineandgraduatedin1955.AftergraduationshewastrainedintraditionalChinesemedicinefortwoyearsandahalfandsincethen,shehasbeenworkinginChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1972,shesucceededindiscoveringanddevelopingartemisininoutofaChineseherbtocurethosepatientsofmalariaindifferentplacesoftheworld,sothatshewonmanybigawards.Toourexcitementanddelight,shewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineonOctober5th,2015,beingthefirstChinesewomanwhowontheNobelPrize.Wearecalledontolearnfromheranddevoteourselvestoscientificresearch.◆高頻單詞1．characteristic(n.)特征；特性→character(n.)品質(zhì)；性格；特點(diǎn)2．painter(n.)畫家；油漆匠→paint(v.)在……上刷油漆→painting(n.)繪畫3．scientific(adj.)科學(xué)的→science(n.)科學(xué)→scientist(n.)科學(xué)家4．conclude(vt.&vi.)結(jié)束；推斷出→conclusion(n.)結(jié)論；結(jié)束5．a(chǎn)nalyse(vt.)分析→analysis(n.)分析6．a(chǎn)ttend(vt.)照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加→attendance(n.)出席；參加；到場(chǎng)7．expose(vt.)暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposed(adj.)無(wú)遮蔽的；不遮擋風(fēng)雨的→exposure(n.)顯露；暴露；揭露；曝光8．suspect(vt.)認(rèn)為；懷疑(n.)被懷疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion(n.)懷疑→suspicious(adj.)有疑心的9．foresee(vt.)預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)知→foresaw(過(guò)去式)→foreseen(過(guò)去分詞)10．pollute(vt.)污染；弄臟→pollution(n.)污染→polluted(adj.)受污染的11．a(chǎn)nnounce(vt.)宣布；通告→announcement(n.)宣布；通知12．instruct(vt.)命令；指示；教導(dǎo)→instruction(n.)教育；說(shuō)明；指導(dǎo)；教訓(xùn)→instructive(adj.)富有教育意義的；有啟發(fā)性的13．construct(vt.)建設(shè)；修建→construction(n.)建設(shè)；建筑物→constructor(n.)建造者；建造商→constructive(adj.)建設(shè)性的；積極的14．contribute(vt.&vi.)捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助→contribution(n.)捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助15．enthusiastic(adj.)熱情的；熱心的→enthusiasm(n.)熱情；熱心16．reject(vt.)拒絕；不接受；拋棄→rejection(n.)拒絕；嫌棄◆重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．put_forward提出2．draw_a_conclusion得出結(jié)論3．expose...to使顯露；暴露4．be_determined_to_do_sth.決定做某事5．be_to_blame應(yīng)受責(zé)備6．lookinto調(diào)查；研究7．link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)8．a(chǎn)partfrom除……之外；此外9．bestrictwith...對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的10．makesense講得通；有意義11．a(chǎn)ttimes有時(shí)◆熱點(diǎn)句型1．neither...nor...“既不……也不……”Neither(既不)itscausenor(也不)itscurewasunderstood.(教材P2)2．everytime作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“每次……”Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedevery_time_there_was_an_outbreak(每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí))．(教材P2)3．不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)/suggest意為“建議”時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should＋do”，其中should可以省略To_prevent(為防止)thisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbe_examined(應(yīng)被檢測(cè))．(教材P3)4．“only＋狀語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝Only_if(只有)youputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymake_sense(說(shuō)得清楚)．(教材P7)5．“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwith_the_planets_going_round_it(行星圍繞著它轉(zhuǎn))andonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.(教材P7)6．現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)/who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,saying(聲稱)itwasagainstGod'sideaandpeoplewho_supported_it(支持這種想法的人)wouldbeattacked.(教材P7)◆同步訓(xùn)練在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,________heattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.答案：that2．Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople________(expose)tocholera.答案：exposed3．Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleditscausewasfound.答案：until4．Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplained________cholerakilledpeople.答案：how5．Hewas________(determine)tofindoutwhy.答案：determined6．Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaces________allthedeadpeoplehadlived.答案：where7．Itseemedthatthewaterwas________(blame)．答案：toblame8．WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertainty________pollutedwatercarriedthegerms.答案：that9．________(prevent)thisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersupplies________(examine)．答案：Toprevent;(should)beexamined10．Thewaterpanies________(instruct)nottoexposepeopleto________(pollute)wateranymore.答案：wereinstructed;polluted1attendvt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加教材原句JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.(P2)約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。attendschool/church上學(xué)/去教堂attendameeting/lecture/wedding/party參加會(huì)議/聽(tīng)演講/出席婚禮/參加晚會(huì)attendto處理；照料attend側(cè)重“參加”之意。attendto作“處理”講時(shí)，與do/dealwith近義；作“照顧”講時(shí)，與takecareof,lookafter近義。①Ifyouhadtoldmebeforehand,Iwould_have_attended_your_wedding.你如果提前告訴我的話，我就會(huì)去參加你的婚禮了。②Themainthingistoattend_totheinjured.首要任務(wù)是照顧傷者。③Imaybelate—Ihavegotoneortwothingsto_attend_to.我也許會(huì)遲到，我有一兩件事要處理。2exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光教材原句Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(P2)但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。exposesth./sb./oneself(to...)(向……)顯露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己；使某事物/某人/某人自己面臨……beexposedto暴露于……；接觸……exposesb.tosth.使某人接觸到某物exposesb.assth.揭發(fā)某人為……在expose...to...以及beexposedto結(jié)構(gòu)中，to為介詞，其后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。①Don'texposeyourskintodirectsunlight,oryou'llgetburnt.不要讓你的皮膚直接暴曬于陽(yáng)光下，否則你會(huì)被曬傷。②Wewanttoexposeourkidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.我們想讓孩子們受到盡可能多的藝術(shù)和文化的熏陶。③KlausVonBulowwas_exposed_asaliarandacheat.克勞斯·馮·布洛被揭露是一個(gè)說(shuō)謊者和騙子。3blamevt.譴責(zé)；責(zé)備n．過(guò)失；責(zé)備教材原句Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.(P2)看起來(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?1)blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.將某事歸咎于某人betoblame(forsth.)(對(duì)某事)應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該受責(zé)備(2)accept/bear/taketheblamefor...對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)；為……承擔(dān)責(zé)任put/laytheblameonsb.歸咎于某人betoblame為主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，因此不能再用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。①IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwas_to_blame_forMiller'saccident.我經(jīng)常會(huì)做噩夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)中我應(yīng)該對(duì)米勒的車禍負(fù)責(zé)。②Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.不要總把你自己的失敗歸咎于別人。③Iamreadytotake_the_blame_forthemistake.我愿意為這一錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任。④Shestolethemoneybutshe'stryingtoput_the_blame_on_me.她偷了錢，卻想把責(zé)任推到我身上。[易混辨析]blame責(zé)備，譴責(zé)；歸咎于，歸罪于。常用于blamesb.forsth.因某事指責(zé)某人；blamesth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人charge控告；譴責(zé)。常用于chargesb.withsth.指控某人某事accuse控告，指控；指責(zé)，譴責(zé)。常用于accusesb.of(doing)sth.指控某人(做了)某事⑤用blame,charge,accuse的適當(dāng)形式填空a．Itisobviousthatyouaretoblamefortheaccident.b．Shewassaidtohavebeenchargedwithdrunkdriving.c．Iwastoldthathewasaccusedofmurder.4announcevt.宣布；通告教材原句WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthegerms.(P3)有了這個(gè)特別的證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣稱被污染的水?dāng)y帶病菌。(1)Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布……/據(jù)通知……announcesth.tosb./tosb.sth.向某人宣布某事(2)announcementn.通告；宣告；布告announcern.廣播員；播音員makeanannouncement發(fā)表公告announce后不能跟雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，如果要表達(dá)“向某人宣布某事”應(yīng)該這樣表達(dá)：announcesth.tosb.(＝announcetosb.sth.)，不能用announcesb.sth.。除了announce外，類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有：explain,mention,report,retell,suggest,admit等。①Hasourflightbeen_announcedyet?廣播宣布了我們的航班了嗎？②Attheendofthemeeting,it_was_announced_thatanagreementhadbeenreached.會(huì)議最后宣布已達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。③Themanagerannouncedthedecisiontotheworker.＝Themanagerannouncedtotheworkerthedecision.經(jīng)理對(duì)這個(gè)工人宣布了決定。5contributevt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助教材原句tocontribute(P4)捐獻(xiàn)(1)contributesth.to/towards...向……捐獻(xiàn)某物contributeto有助于；導(dǎo)致；為……作貢獻(xiàn)；為……捐款；向……投稿(2)contributionn.捐款；捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；投送的稿件makeacontribution/contributionsto對(duì)……作出貢獻(xiàn)；為……捐款表示“引起，導(dǎo)致；有助于”的詞語(yǔ)有contributeto,resultin,bringabout,leadto,cause等。①Everyoneiswillingtocontributefoodandclothestothehomelesspeople.每個(gè)人都愿意為無(wú)家可歸的人捐獻(xiàn)食物和衣服。②Sportscontributemainlytoyourphysicalfitness.體育運(yùn)動(dòng)主要有助于你的身體健康。③Wouldyouliketomake_a_contribution_tothehospitalbuildingfund?你愿意為醫(yī)院建設(shè)基金捐款嗎？contribute[一言辨異]Manypeoplecontributedmoneytothepoorboy,whichcontributed_tohisreturningtoschool.AwriterwroteastoryaboutitandcontributedittoChinaDaily.許多人給這個(gè)可憐的小男孩捐了款，這使他重返校園。一位作家寫了一篇關(guān)于此事的故事并把它投給了《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Whendeeply________(absorb)inwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.答案：absorbed(be)absorbedin意為“全神貫注于……”，因?yàn)橹鲝木渲髡Z(yǔ)一致，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式，故此處省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。2．Tomannouncedhisresignation________staffmembersonWednesday.答案：toannouncesth.tosb.“向某人宣布某事”。3．Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmay________(blame)forthefire.答案：betoblamebetoblameforsth.“對(duì)某事應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任”。4．LastweekIgotanewjobinabigfirm,andIfounditvery________(challenge)．答案：challenging形容詞challenging“具有挑戰(zhàn)性的”，在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。5．Theinventionofpaperwasagreat________(contribute)tohumancivilization.答案：contribution根據(jù)空格前的冠詞和形容詞可知，應(yīng)填名詞。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．IalwayshavesomanythingstoattendwhenIebacktothepanyafteratripabroad.________________________________________________________答案：attend后加to2．TheteachercuredhimhisbadhabitsandhemadegreatprogressinEnglish.________________________________________________________答案：him后加of3．Thisliquidisnottobeexposedinair,foritwillsoonevaporate.________________________________________________________答案：in→to4．Althoughdefeatinginthematch,wedidn'tloseheart.________________________________________________________答案：defeating→defeated5．Hisinjuriesareseverelybuthe'sexpectedtopullthrough.________________________________________________________答案：severely→severeeq\a\vs4\al(putforward提出建議等；提名；推薦；將……提前；撥快)教材原句Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes？(P1)誰(shuí)提出關(guān)于黑洞的理論？putaside節(jié)??；儲(chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存；留出putaway放好；存(錢)putoff延期；推遲putout熄滅；出版；伸出putdown寫下；記下putup舉起；張貼；建立；提供食宿putupwith容忍；忍受puton穿上；演出①寫出下列句中putforward的含義a．Asfortheproblemyouputforwardinyourlastletter,Ithinkitisawisechoiceforyoutobuyane-dictionary.提出b．Ithinkheisfitfortheposition;therefore,I'llputhimforwardasacandidate.推薦c．Putyourwatchforward;it'sfiveminutesslow.撥快d．Theyhaveputforwardthedateoftheirweddingbyoneweek.將……提前②We'retryingtoput_asideafewhundreddollarseverymonthtowardourvacation.我們盡量每月存幾百美元供度假用。③Nowtheelectricfanisnotinuse.Let'sputitaway.現(xiàn)在電扇已用不著了，我們把它收起來(lái)吧。④Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasput_out.滅火器噴了兩下，火就被撲滅了。apartfrom除……之外；此外(＝asidefrom)教材原句Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove，youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.P4除了以上提到的結(jié)構(gòu)，你也學(xué)過(guò)下面的詞組。(1)apartfrom具有下列兩層含義：①相當(dāng)于besides。指“除……之外，另外還有”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“另外還有”；②相當(dāng)于exceptfor。指“除……外”，是在對(duì)某人或物整體上肯定的同時(shí)，特別指出其不足之處。(2)take...apart將……拆開(kāi)tellsb./sth.apart分辨出某人/某物①I'vefinishedapart_fromthelastquestion.除了最后一道題，我全做完了。②Apart_fromtheirhouseinLondon,theyalsohaveavillainSpain.他們?cè)趥惗赜幸蛔孔?，此外在西班牙還有一棟別墅。③Theyaresoalike,andit'sdifficulttotell_them_apart.他們長(zhǎng)得太像了，很難把他們區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。makesense有意義；講得通教材原句Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.P7只有把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能講得通。makesenseof理解；明白makenosense沒(méi)道理；沒(méi)意義inasense從某種意義上說(shuō)innosense決不(置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)monsense常識(shí)asenseofduty/humor/beauty/direction責(zé)任感/幽默感/美感/方向感Thereisnosensein(doing)sth.(做)某事是沒(méi)有意義的。①Itmakes_sensetoworkontheproblembeforeitgetsoutofcontrol.致力于解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題以防其失控，是有道理的。②In_no_sense_shouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.你決不應(yīng)該灰心喪氣。繼續(xù)努力，你遲早會(huì)成功的。③Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeela_real_sense_ofachievement.先處理最重要的任務(wù)，這樣你會(huì)有一種真正的成就感。④There's_no_sense_in_gettingupsetaboutitnow.現(xiàn)在為這件事苦惱是沒(méi)有意義的。Ⅰ.選詞填空makesense;link...to...;bestrictwith;apartfrom;putforward1．It________tofollowyourparents'suggestions.答案：makessense2．Thewire________thetelevision.答案：islinkedto3．Generallyspeaking,parentsliketheteacherswho________theirchildren.答案：arestrictwith4．________theending,it'sareallygoodfilm.答案：Apartfrom5．Hernamewas________fortheleadroleintheplay.答案：putforwardⅡ.完成句子1．Youcan'ttakejustonedayand________________thatthebearmarketisover.你不可以僅用一天的時(shí)間得出熊市已結(jié)束的結(jié)論。答案：drawaconclusion2．Thisisnothisfault.I____________________nothavingmadethewholethingcleartohim.這不能怪他，只怪我沒(méi)有向他交代清楚。答案：amtoblamefor3．Aworkingpartyhasbeensetupto____________theproblem.已成立一個(gè)工作小組來(lái)調(diào)查這個(gè)問(wèn)題。答案：lookinto4．Don't________theseflowers________thesun.別把這些花暴露在陽(yáng)光下。答案：expose;to5．IlikeTombuthe'sveryannoying____________.我喜歡湯姆，但是他有時(shí)也很煩人。答案：attimesOnlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.P7只有把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能講得通。(1)“only＋狀語(yǔ)”(副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句)位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。但“only＋主語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)不用倒裝。(2)ifonly“但愿；要是……就好了”引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表達(dá)對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)的愿望或與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。①Only_after_a_year_of_friendly_discussion_did_Ms__Garzafinallysayyes.直到一年的友好討論之后加爾扎女士才最終答應(yīng)了。②Only_when_people_believe_in_each_other_can_theyworkwell.人們只有相互信任才能很好地工作。③Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.只有知道密碼的人才能讀懂這個(gè)信息。④Thepillsmighthavecuredhim,ifonlyhehad_takenthemregularly.他要是按時(shí)服用這些藥丸，他的病本來(lái)是可能治愈的。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Ifonlyit________possibleformetoseeheroncemore.答案：wereifonly“但愿；要是……就好了”引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，這里表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式(be通常用were)。2．Onlyanhourago________theteacherfindoutwhyhewasabsent.答案：did“only＋狀語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)anhourago可知，該句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3．Onlytheteachers________(allow)tousetheputerroom.答案：areallowed“only＋主語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)不倒裝，這里表示被動(dòng)，且表示一個(gè)事實(shí)，故填areallowed。4．Only________youaremodestcanyoumakeprogress.答案：ifonlyif“只有(在……的情況下才……)”。句意：謙虛使人進(jìn)步。Ⅱ.完成句子1．____________lightmovesintoamaterialwithanewspeed,itbendsandscatters.每次光線以新的速度進(jìn)入某一物體，就會(huì)發(fā)生折射和散射。答案：Everytime2．WhenitestohowtospeakfluentMandarin,Isuggestthatyou________________abunchofpronunciationrulesfirst.說(shuō)到如何講流利的普通話，我建議你首先學(xué)一些發(fā)音規(guī)則。答案：(should)learn過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1．單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常位于它所修飾的名詞之前；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞之后，但單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞修飾something,everything等不定代詞時(shí)，也要后置。①Fromthestomachthediseaseattackedthebodyquicklyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.這種病從胃里發(fā)作而迅速殃及全身，很快這個(gè)受感染的人死亡了。②Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingwasveryimportant.在會(huì)議上討論的那個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。2．過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成))③Thegirlstandingunderthetreeisverybeautiful.站在樹(shù)下的女孩很漂亮。(表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行)④HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?你讀過(guò)狄更斯寫的這部小說(shuō)嗎？(表被動(dòng)、完成)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1．過(guò)去分詞與v.ing形式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別v．ing作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示特征，修飾物，意為“令人……”；過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示狀態(tài)，修飾人，意為“感到……”⑤Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.他對(duì)霍亂致人死亡的兩種推測(cè)很感興趣。⑥Thestoryissointerestingthatnobodydislikesit.這個(gè)故事如此有趣，人人都喜歡它。2．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)：置于名詞之后或之前表示動(dòng)作完成、被動(dòng)。表語(yǔ)：置于系動(dòng)詞之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime________(spend)withhisstudents.答案：spent題干中，被修飾詞thehappytime與spend之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且設(shè)空處表示完成，故用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。2．Teamsoffour,________(dress)inavarietyofstrangeandfunnyclothes,rollapletecheesealonga50-metrecourse.答案：dressedbedressedin“穿著……”，teamsoffour與dress之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且作定語(yǔ)，故填dressed。3．Aftertheheavyrain,manycarsgot________(catch)inthemud.答案：caught過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)。4．Thechildrenwereall________aftertheyheardthe________newsthattheirteamhadwonthegame.(inspire)答案：inspired;inspiring第一空修飾人，意為“感到……”，故用inspired；第二空修飾物，意為“令人……”，故用inspiring。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Thecaptaindividedtheremainedwateramongthethirstypassengers.________________________________________________________答案：remained→remaining2．Hisconfusingfacialexpressionsignalsthathedoesn'tknowthetruth.________________________________________________________答案：confusing→confused3．Thatwomanisalwaysplainingaboutonethingoranotherandsheneverfeelssatisfying.________________________________________________________答案：satisfying→satisfied4．Ifpaintingweretoconsistofmerelycopyingthesamelines,itwouldbeebored.________________________________________________________答案：bored→boringⅠ.完形填空PersistenceBringsaboutSuccessWhenmysisterDianebeganplayingtheviolin,shewasseven.Howdidshesound?Terrible.Butshedidn't__1__.Attwelve,sheaskedourparentsifshecould__2__afulltimemusicschool.Theysaidno.Actually,everyoneagreedthatmysister__3__talent.Iwasbetteratmy__4__.MyteacherhadtoldmyparentsthatIhadgreat__5__.Somyparentsfoundthebestpianoteacherintheareato__6__me.Buttheonlytimehewas__7__wasSaturdayafternoonsat3pm.Backthen,Iwas__8__abouttheBritishTVshow“TheAvengers”，whichwas__9__everySaturdayat3pm.Iletnothingtakeupmy“Avengers”hour.SoI__10__thisamazingopportunity.Today,Idon'tevenhavea__11__inmyhouse.Mysisterbecameanengineer,butshe__12__stoppedmakingmusic.Whenshewasinher40s,sheswitched__13__.Shewentbacktocollege,gota(n)__14__inmusiceducation,andbecameamusicteacher.Shestartskidsoutontheirfirstinstrumentandgivesthemalltheencouragementandsupportshenever__15__.Recently,sheandapianistpalputonarecital(演奏會(huì)).Abigcrowdoffriendsandfamily__16__forher.Assheplayed,Ilookedaroundatthe__17__.Everyonewas__18__enjoyingthemusic.ItoccurredtomethatIwastheonlypersonwhorememberedthat7-year-oldkidmakingthoseperfectly__19__soundsandknewhowfarshehade,__20__everything.Talentisimportant,butenthusiasmisevenmoreimportant.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者的妹妹小時(shí)候喜歡音樂(lè)，但是大家都認(rèn)為她沒(méi)有天分。相反，作者的老師認(rèn)為作者在音樂(lè)方面有很大的潛能。但是，作者因?yàn)榘V迷于電視節(jié)目而拒絕了學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴的機(jī)會(huì)。多年以后，妹妹放棄了工程師的工作轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)音樂(lè)，成為了一名優(yōu)秀的音樂(lè)教師。只有作者知道妹妹成功的背后付出了多少努力。這讓作者明白了天分固然重要，但是更重要的是一個(gè)人的熱情。1．A.advance B．quitC．reflect D．listen答案：B根據(jù)下一句中的“sheaskedourparents...musicschool”可知，黛安娜還詢問(wèn)父母自己是否能夠上全日制的音樂(lè)學(xué)校，說(shuō)明她沒(méi)有停止追求音樂(lè)的夢(mèng)想。quit意為“停止”，符合語(yǔ)境。2．A.inspect B．openC．a(chǎn)ttend D．visit答案：C根據(jù)上一句可知，黛安娜并沒(méi)有放棄自己的音樂(lè)夢(mèng)想，結(jié)合本句中的“full-timemusicschool”可知，她詢問(wèn)父母自己是否能上一所全日制的音樂(lè)學(xué)校。attendschool意為“上學(xué)”，符合語(yǔ)境。3．A.lacked B．spottedC．possessed D．a(chǎn)dmired答案：A根據(jù)本段第三句“Terrible.”和倒數(shù)第二句“Theysaidno.”可知，黛安娜拉小提琴的水平很糟糕，且父母拒絕了她上全日制音樂(lè)學(xué)校的請(qǐng)求，說(shuō)明大家都認(rèn)為她在音樂(lè)方面缺乏天分。lack“缺乏”，符合語(yǔ)境。4．A.major B．projectC．position D．instrument答案：D根據(jù)本段第三句中的“myparentsfoundthebestpianoteacher”可知，相反，作者更擅長(zhǎng)演奏樂(lè)器，所以，父母給作者找到了最好的鋼琴老師。instrument意為“樂(lè)器”，符合語(yǔ)境。5．A.patience B．doubtC．potential D．a(chǎn)mbition答案：C根據(jù)下一句中的“myparentsfoundthebestpianoteacher”可知，父母為作者找了最好的鋼琴老師，說(shuō)明他們認(rèn)為作者在音樂(lè)方面有很大的潛能。potential意為“潛能”，符合語(yǔ)境。6．A.train B．examineC．correct D．challenge答案：A作者的父母給作者找了最好的老師的目的是讓老師來(lái)培訓(xùn)作者。train意為“訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。7．A.punctual B．skillfulC．occupied D．a(chǎn)vailable答案：D根據(jù)本句中的“Saturdayafternoonsat3pm.”可知，這個(gè)老師只有在星期六下午3點(diǎn)的時(shí)候才會(huì)有空余的時(shí)間來(lái)給作者上課。available意為“有空的；可獲得的”，符合語(yǔ)境。8．A.sensitive B．crazyC．serious D．particular答案：B根據(jù)下句“Iletnothingtakeupmy‘Avengers’hour.”可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)癡迷于電視節(jié)目，所以對(duì)于練習(xí)彈鋼琴?zèng)]有充分的熱情。becrazyabout意為“癡迷于”，符合語(yǔ)境。9．A.filmed B．designedC．a(chǎn)ired D．mented答案：C根據(jù)本句中的“BritishTVshow‘TheAvengers’”可知，作者癡迷于看電視節(jié)目，而這個(gè)電視節(jié)目正好就是在星期六的下午3點(diǎn)開(kāi)始播放。air在此處作動(dòng)詞，意為“播放；廣播”，符合語(yǔ)境。10．A.jumpedat B．turneddownC．waitedfor D．openedup答案：B根據(jù)上一句中的“l(fā)etnothingtakeupmy‘Avengers’hour”可知，作者沉迷于看電視節(jié)目。在這個(gè)時(shí)間段，作者只看電視，不練習(xí)鋼琴，所以拒絕了一個(gè)很好的學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴的機(jī)會(huì)。turndown意為“拒絕”，符合語(yǔ)境。11．A.tutor B．violinC．musician D．piano答案：D父母想讓作者練鋼琴，但是她卻癡迷于電視節(jié)目，放棄了學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴的機(jī)會(huì)，所以至今家里連一架鋼琴(piano)都沒(méi)有。12．A.never B．onceC．a(chǎn)lready D．even答案：A根據(jù)本句中的“becameanengineer”和but以及“stoppedmakingmusic”可知，作者的妹妹黛安娜雖然最后成了一名工程師，但是她卻從來(lái)沒(méi)有(never)停止學(xué)習(xí)音樂(lè)。13．A.attitudes B．careersC．plans D．positions答案：B根據(jù)上文中的“becameanengineer”可知，黛安娜本來(lái)是一名工程師，再結(jié)合下文“Shewentbacktocollege...andbecameamusicteacher.”可知，妹妹雖然成了工程師，但后來(lái)卻放棄了事業(yè)，成了一名音樂(lè)教師。結(jié)合上下文可知，黛安娜的職業(yè)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。career意為“事業(yè)”，符合語(yǔ)境。14．A.scholarship B．sponsorC．degree D．a(chǎn)ssistant答案：C根據(jù)本句中的“wentbacktocollege”和“andbecameamusicteacher”可知，黛安娜為了轉(zhuǎn)換職業(yè)，先回到大學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)新的專業(yè)并獲得相應(yīng)的學(xué)位。degree意為“學(xué)位”，符合語(yǔ)境。15．A.provided B．imaginedC．received D．expected答案：C黛安娜成為音樂(lè)教師之后，開(kāi)始教授孩子們演奏樂(lè)器，而且會(huì)給孩子們很多鼓勵(lì)和支持。而這些是她在童年的時(shí)候沒(méi)有從家人那里得到的。receive意為“得到”，符合語(yǔ)境。16．A.voted B．fearedC．stayedup D．turnedup答案：D根據(jù)上一句中的“apianistpalputonarecital(演奏會(huì))”可知，最近，黛安娜和另外一個(gè)朋友舉辦了一場(chǎng)演奏會(huì)，很多朋友和家人都來(lái)支持她。turnup意為“出現(xiàn)；到場(chǎng)”，符合語(yǔ)境。17．A.students B．a(chǎn)udienceC．spotlights D．platform答案：B根據(jù)上一句“Abigcrowdoffriendsandfamily__16__forher.”可知，很多人來(lái)參加黛安娜的演奏會(huì)。作者觀察這些觀眾，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都沉浸于美妙的音樂(lè)中。audience意為“觀眾；聽(tīng)眾”，符合語(yǔ)境。18．A.obviously B．desperatelyC．a(chǎn)ppropriately D．a(chǎn)nxiously答案：A根據(jù)本句中的“enjoyingthemusic”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些觀眾顯然都很喜歡妹妹演奏的音樂(lè)。obviously意為“顯然地”，符合語(yǔ)境。19．A.booming B．pleasingC．a(chǎn)wful D．powerful答案：C根據(jù)第一段第三句“Terrible.”可知，在黛安娜七歲的時(shí)候，她演奏的小提琴非常難聽(tīng)，而現(xiàn)在，作者依然還記得她演奏時(shí)發(fā)出的難聽(tīng)的聲音。awful意為“可怕的；糟糕的”，符合語(yǔ)境。20．A.despite B．throughC．under D．a(chǎn)cross答案：A作者想到，自己是那個(gè)唯一記得那個(gè)七歲的小女孩制造出來(lái)的難聽(tīng)的聲音的人，也是唯一知道妹妹如何不顧一切，歷經(jīng)艱辛獲得現(xiàn)在的成就的人。despite意為“不管；盡管”，符合語(yǔ)境。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A[2018·湖南桃江一中月考]Nowagroupofscientists,includingonesfromCalTech,MITandtheLIGOScientificCollaborationfinallyfoundthegravitationalwaves(重力波).Theyannouncedtheywereabletoseeripplesinthestructureofspacetime.Whatarethesegravitationalwaves?Well,imaginethrowingarockintoapond.Whentherockhitstheflatsurfaceofthewater,itcreatesripples.Spacetimeislikethesurfaceofthewater.Sogravitationalwavesareliketheripplesmovingoutfromwheretherockhitsthewater.ItwasEinsteinwhosaidthesegravitationalwavesshouldbeobservable.Butthesearenothugewaves.Theyaresmallerthanthesizeofanatom,whichiswhyittooksolongtofindthem.Since2002,scientistshavebeenwatchingforthesegravitationalwaves,usingagiantscientifictoolcalledLIGO.Theyhavebeenwatchingtwoblackholesinanotherfarawaygalaxy(星系).Thetwowerespinningaroundeachother,movingcloserandclosertogether.Whentheyfinallycrashedintoeachother,gravitationalwaveswerecaused.Withgreatpowerandforce,theyrangthroughouttheuniverse,likeagiantbell.Thosewaves,travelingatthespeedoflight,finallyreachedtheEarth,some1.3billionyearslater.TheNationalScienceFoundationsaidthateachoftheblackholeswas29to36timesthemassofoursun.Thisdiscoverymeansourunderstandingoftheheavenshaschangedgreatly.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了重力波，愛(ài)因斯坦早期就相信重力波可以被觀察到。1．Theauthorexplainsthegravitationalwavesby________.A．presentingrecentresearchfindingsB．drawingavividpictureC．paringthemtosomethingfamiliarD．usingproperexamples答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句可知，作者通過(guò)和相似東西對(duì)比來(lái)解釋重力波。故選C。2．Accordingtotheauthor,findingthegravitationalwavesmeans________.A．thereisabetterwaytodealwithphysicalproblemsB．wehaveabetterunderstandingoftheuniverseC．wehavereachedanewlevelinearthstudiesD．thereexistsanothergalaxyintheuniverse答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisdiscoverymeansourunderstandingoftheheavenshaschangedgreatly.”可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)重力波意味著我們對(duì)宇宙有更好的理解。故選B。3．Whatdoestheword“they”inParagraph4referto?A．Theblackholes.B．Thegravitationalwaves.C．Thescientifictools.D．Thegalaxies.答案：A指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的前兩句“Theyhavebeenwatchingtwoblackholesinanotherfarawaygalaxy(星系).Thetwowerespinningaroundeachother,movingcloserandclosertogether.”可知，they指的是“黑洞”。故選A。4．Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A．a(chǎn)newtheoryofgravitationalwavesoppositetoEinstein'sB．a(chǎn)descriptionofthescientificresearchonblackholesC．therelationshipbetweenblackholesandgravitationalwavesD．thediscoveryofgravitationalwavesEinsteinbelievedobservable答案：D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句及第三段第一句可知，文章介紹了發(fā)現(xiàn)了愛(ài)因斯坦相信可以觀察到的重力波。故選D。BMyfamilymovedaroundalotwhenIwasgrowingup.In2ndgrade,IlivedhereinWashingtonDC,whereImadeanamazinggroupoffriends.IwasupsetwhenmyparentstoldmeweweremovingagainandIwouldhavetoleaveallmybestfriendsbehind.In7thgrade,wemovedbacktoWashingtonDC.AndIcouldnothavebeenmoreexcitedandIfeltlikeIwasfinallyhomeagain.Butthingshadchanged.Thereweretwonewgirls,whodecidedthattheydidn'tlikeme,whichmeantnooneelsecould,notevenallmyformerbestfriends.Andthenonedayduringschool,Iopenedmylocker,onlytofindanotelyingonthefloor.Thenotesaid：Die.Nobodylikesyou.MyheartstartedbeatingfasterandIfeltthebloodrushingtomyface.Ihadnoideawhattodo.Thenotewasn'tsignedandIhadnoideawhohadwrittenit,butIfiguredthenewgirlswerebehindit.Ihadtositinclassalldaywithmyheaddown,wonderingwhoelseknewaboutthisshame.Ifelthorribleandsurethatnothingwouldeverbegoodagain.Idecidedthattheperfectwaytoendallofthiswaswithanothernote,leftonthebathroommirroratschool.It'ssadforsomeonetobully(欺負(fù))otherclassmatestomakethemselvesfeelbetterorlookcool.Bullyingothersisawaytoimpressothers.It'smon,butthatdoesn'tmeanit'sOkay.Lookingcoolisnotworthmakingothersfeelbad.ObviouslyI'mveryhappynow,butitdoesn'tmeanI'lleverforgetaboutthatnoteorhowitmademefeel.Andtothoseofyouthatarecurrentvictimsofbullying—knowthatyouareNOTalone.Itwillgetbetter.Ipromise.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。家庭的搬遷會(huì)給孩子的生活和學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題，但本文小作者以積極且坦誠(chéng)的心態(tài)去面對(duì)，用頗具建設(shè)性的辦法解決問(wèn)題，值得讀者們學(xué)習(xí)、借鑒。5．WhywastheauthorunhappywhensheleftWashingtonDC?A．Shecouldn'tadaptherself.B．Shehadtoleaveherbestfriends.C．Shewasgrowingupthere.D．Shehatedtravelingalo