高考英語完整版準(zhǔn)備考一輪講義（譯林版）必修二Unit3Amazingpeople

Unit3Amazingpeople個(gè)人情況之(二)——杰出人物[一積詞匯見多識(shí)廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫其義1．preservevt.保存，保護(hù)，保持2.entrancen．入口3．nativeadj.本地的，本國的4.datan．(pl.)數(shù)據(jù)；資料5．panionn．伴侶；陪伴6.candidaten．候選人，申請(qǐng)人7．connectionn．聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)8.explorern．探險(xiǎn)家；勘探者9．murdervt.&n．謀殺10.survivaln．幸存，存活11．statusn．地位，身份12.superiorn．上級(jí)adj.更好的(二)表達(dá)詞匯寫其形1．contentn．內(nèi)容2.punishmentn．懲罰3．virusn．病毒4.disturbvt.打擾，擾亂5．variousadj.各種各樣的6.optimisticadj.樂觀的7．outgoingadj.愛交際的；外向的8.desiren．愿望，渴望vt.期望，渴望(三)拓展詞匯靈活用*1.curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn．好奇(心)2.fortunen．大筆的錢，財(cái)富；運(yùn)氣→fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的→fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地→unfortunatelyadv.不幸運(yùn)地3.scientificadj.科學(xué)的→sciencen．科學(xué)→scientistn．科學(xué)家4.requirementn．要求，規(guī)定→requirev．要求*5.inspirevt.啟迪，賦予靈感；激勵(lì)，鼓舞→inspiredadj.受到啟發(fā)的→inspiringadj.令人振奮的→inspirationn．靈感；激勵(lì)*6.discouragevt.使灰心；勸阻→couragen．勇氣→encouragev．鼓勵(lì)→encouragementn．鼓勵(lì)*7.devotionn．奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠；專心→devotevt.獻(xiàn)出，付出；專心于→devotedadj.摯愛的；忠誠的8.organizationn．組織；機(jī)構(gòu)→organizev．組織→organizern．組織者*9.applyvi.申請(qǐng)vt.使用，應(yīng)用→applicationn．申請(qǐng)→applicantn．申請(qǐng)人用上面加*號(hào)的單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Whenaskedwhereherinspirationofthenovelcamefrom,shesaidherfather'sinspiringwordsinspiredhertowriteit.2．Childrenarealwayscuriousabouteverythingtheyseeandhear.Theywillaskallkindsofquestionscuriously.Tomeettheircuriosity,_we'dbetteranswerthem.3．Theoldteacherdevotedallhislifetoeducatinghisdevotedstudentsandhewasadmiredforhisdevotiontohiseducationcause.4．AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay6th.5．ThefailureintheEnglishcontestdiscouragedmybrother.What'sworse,hefeltdiscouragedinothersubjects.Inordertohelphimregainhiscourageandgetrelaxed,myparentsandIallencouragedhimtotakeatrip.[話題單詞積累]1．expert/'eksp??t/n.專家；專業(yè)工作者2．qualification/?kw?l?f?'ke??(?)n/n．資格3．potential/p?'ten?l/adj.潛在的n.潛力4．undertake/?nd?'te?k/vt.承擔(dān)，從事，負(fù)責(zé)5．program/'pr??ɡr?m/n.項(xiàng)目；工程；規(guī)劃6．worthwhile/w??θ'wa?l/adj.值得的；值得做的7．childhood/'t?a?ldh?d/n.童年；幼年時(shí)代8．respect/r?'spekt/vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意9．considerate/k?n's?d(?)r?t/adj.體貼的，體諒的，考慮周到的10．modest/'m?d?st/adj.謙虛的；謙讓的11．a(chǎn)stronomer/?'str?n?m?/n.天文學(xué)家12．plain/ple?n/adj.樸素的；簡(jiǎn)單的13．uniform/'ju?n?f??m/n.制服14．cheerful/'t???f?l；-f(?)l/adj.興高采烈的15．create/kri?'e?t/vt.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；造成16．sympathetic/s?mp?'θet?k/adj.同情的17．independent/??nd?'pend?nt/adj.獨(dú)立的18．virtue/'v??tju?；-t?u?/n.美德，品行19．dignity/'d?gn?t?/n.尊貴，高尚20．sensitive/'sens?t?v/adj.敏感的21．intelligence/?n'tel?d?(?)ns/n.智力22．distinction/d?'st??(k)?(?)n/n.優(yōu)秀，卓越23．outstanding/a?t'st?nd??/adj.杰出的24．resign/r?'za?n/vt.&vi.辭職25．bonus/'b??n?s/n.津貼，獎(jiǎng)金，紅利26．renowned/r?'naund/adj.著名的；有聲望的27．devise/d?'va?z/vt.設(shè)計(jì)28．interest/'?nt(?)r?st/n.興趣；利息29．colleague/'k?li?g/n.同事30．background/'b?kgra?nd/n.背景31．impress/?m'pres/vt.使印象深刻32．deliberately/di'lib?r?tli/adv.故意地；謹(jǐn)慎地；慎重地33．issue/'??u?；'?sju?/n.問題；流出；期號(hào)vt.發(fā)行，發(fā)布；放出，排出vi.發(fā)行；流出[二積短語頓挫抑揚(yáng)][課內(nèi)短語回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語*1e_across(偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)*2.result_in導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是……*3.look_up_to敬佩*4.be_curious_about對(duì)……感到好奇5.set_sail啟航*6.as_well_as也，以及*7e_into_use使用8.be_known_as作為……而出名9.be_fit_for適合10.in_connection_with關(guān)于11.go_down_in_history載入史冊(cè)12.pay_off成功；帶來好結(jié)果13.of_all_time有史以來14.get_in_touch_with取得聯(lián)系15.live/realize_one's_dream實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想16.be_in_control_of_(something)掌管(二)用上面加*號(hào)的短語完成下列句子1.Thecitizensofthecityalllook_up_tothepolicemanwhoshowscourageanddevotiontoduty.2．Duringyourtour,you'lle_acrossrivers,mountainranges,spectacularwaterfalls,wildlifeandlongwildbeaches.(2018·蘇州一模)3．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresulted_inthisincreaseincarbondioxide.4．Peoplehavealwaysbeen_curious_aboutexactlyhowlifeonearthbegan.5．TheAmericanRedCrossprovidesrelieftovictimsofdisasters,_as_well_ashelpspeopleprevent,prepareforandrespondtoallsortsofemergencies.6．Duringthenineteenthcentury,aunitofchemicalcurrencycalledthemolecame_into_use.[話題短語積累]1．believein相信，堅(jiān)信2．beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣3．makecontributionsto對(duì)……做貢獻(xiàn)4．haveaneffecton影響5．makeprogress取得進(jìn)步6．takeon雇用；接納；承擔(dān)7．begiftedat對(duì)……有天賦8．beskilledin在……方面熟練9．mediumheight中等身材10．beinchargeofsth.主管11．getalong/onwith與……相處12．signupfor報(bào)名，參加13．beabsentfrom缺席……14．graduatefrom從……畢業(yè)15．bestrictwith對(duì)……要求嚴(yán)格16．beabsorbed/occupiedin全神貫注于17．do/make/perform/carryoutanexperiment做實(shí)驗(yàn)18．haveagoodmandof精通……19．catchupwith趕上20．goinfor/participatein/joinin參加，從事21．get/bepromoted獲得晉升[三積句式寫作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫]1．by＋時(shí)間名詞，在句中作狀語[例句]Bythe1920s,hehadbeeanexplorer,searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings.[仿寫]到上周為止，已有二十個(gè)留學(xué)生已經(jīng)接受了我們的邀請(qǐng)。(2017·6月浙江高考滿分作文)By_last_weektwentystudentsfromabroadhad_acceptedourinvitation.2．“連詞＋過去分詞”是狀語從句的省略[例句]Ifbreathedin,theycanresultinillnessorevendeath.[仿寫]如果對(duì)它感興趣，你可以將你的申請(qǐng)發(fā)到ping-pong@123。(2017·全國卷Ⅲ滿分作文)If_interested_in_it,_youmayemailyourapplicationtoping-pong@123.3．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型[例句]AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest,itwashishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina'sfirstastronaut.[仿寫]是魏源，在他的書《海國圖志》中首先將現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和理念介紹到中國。(2016·北京高考滿分作文)It_was_Wei_Yuan,_inhisbookHaiguoTuzhi,who_first_introducedmoderntechnologiesandideastoChina.[話題佳句背誦]1．Bornin1995,he,a23-year-oldstudent,isstudyinginauniversity.他出生在1995年，現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)23歲的學(xué)生，正在一所大學(xué)就讀。2．ShewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforherscientificachievements.因?yàn)樵诨瘜W(xué)方面的科研成就她被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。3．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。4．Hegainedpopularityinlocalareas,whichcaughtattentionofafamousChinesesinger,whoremendedhimtoCCTV.他在當(dāng)?shù)睾苡忻麣?，引起了一名中國著名歌唱家的注意，并把他推薦給了中國中央電視臺(tái)。[四背語段語感流暢]BillGateswasbornon28October,1955andgrewupinSeattle.Hisfatherwasalawyerwhilehismotherwasateacher.Attheageof13,hewascuriousaboutputers,discoveredhisinterestinsoftwareandbeganprogrammingputers.ItwasBillGateswhohadadramaticeffectontheputertechnologyintheworld.Althoughhehasmuchfortune,hewasstillasimpleandkindperson.比爾·蓋茨出生于1955年10月28日，在西雅圖長大。他的父親是一位律師，他的母親是一位教師。在他13歲時(shí)，他對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)感到好奇并且發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)軟件很感興趣并開始給計(jì)算機(jī)編程。是比爾·蓋茨對(duì)世界電腦技術(shù)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。盡管他很富有，但是他很簡(jiǎn)樸善良。[第一板塊重點(diǎn)詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．curiousadj.好奇的，求知欲強(qiáng)的；奇特的[教材原句]Hewasbrightandcuriousabouttheworldoutsidehishometown.他天資聰穎，并且對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)外部的世界充滿了好奇。(1)becuriousabout...對(duì)……感到好奇becurioustodosth.極想做某事(2)curiosityn.好奇心outofcuriosity出于好奇satisfyone'scuriosity滿足某人的好奇心(3)curiouslyadv.好奇地①Helikestravelling,becauseheis_curious_to_knowmoreabouttheworld.他喜歡旅游，因?yàn)樗释嗟亓私膺@個(gè)世界。②Questionsyouraisemustclearlybemotivatedbycuriosity_(curious)aboutthespeaker'sviews.(2018·日照一模)你提的問題顯然是出于對(duì)演講者的觀點(diǎn)好奇而激發(fā)的。③Curiously(curious),thestruggletosurvivehasgreatlyimprovedherhealth.奇怪的是，她求生的抗?fàn)幨沟盟慕】禒顩r大有好轉(zhuǎn)。2．fortunen．[C]大筆的錢，財(cái)富；命運(yùn)，前途；[U]運(yùn)氣[教材原句]Insidethetombs,hediscoveredagreatfortuneinjewelsandgold,alongwiththepreservedbodiesofdeadkings.在這些陵墓中，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一大批的珠寶和黃金以及已故國王們保存的遺體。(1)makea/one'sfortune發(fā)財(cái)tryone'sfortune碰運(yùn)氣(2)fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的befortunatetodosth.有幸做某事(3)fortunately＝luckilyadv.幸運(yùn)地unfortunately＝unluckilyadv.不幸地(4)misfortunen.不幸①We'veallheardstoriesofschooldrop-outswhohavemade_their/a_fortune.我們都聽到過很多輟學(xué)生發(fā)財(cái)?shù)墓适?。②Mycousinwas_fortunate_to_findajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.我的表妹一大學(xué)畢業(yè)就幸運(yùn)地找到了一份工作。③Thestorecaughtfire.Fortunately(fortunate),allthepeoplethereescapedfromit.商店著火了。幸運(yùn)的是，那里所有的人都逃了出來。3．contentn．內(nèi)容；[復(fù)數(shù)]容納的東西；目錄；[單數(shù)]含量；滿足adj.滿足的，滿意的vt.使?jié)M足[教材原句]Afterwards,allofitscontentswouldgointoamuseum.隨后，所有墓中的東西都將進(jìn)入博物館。[一詞多義]寫出句中content的含義①Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)含量②Itisreportedthatmorethanhalfofthosesurveyedonthewebsitesaytheyarecontentwiththeircurrentlife.滿意的③Thereisatableofcontentsinfrontofadictionary.目錄④WillitcontentyouifIletyouhavecandiestomorrow？使?jié)M足⑤Thecontentsoftheletterarestillsecretuntiltoday.內(nèi)容(1)be/feelcontentwith...對(duì)……滿足/滿意becontenttodosth.樂于做某事(2)contentoneselfwith...滿足于……⑥Thosewhoare_content_with/content_themselves_withtheirpresentsituationswillsurelymakenodifferenceinlife.那些滿足于現(xiàn)狀的人在生活中一定不會(huì)有大的作為。4．disturbvt.打擾，擾亂；使(某人)煩惱或不安[教材原句]Whenatombisopened,freshairdisturbstheviruses.墓穴被打開時(shí)，新鮮空氣擾亂了病毒的生存環(huán)境。(1)Itdisturbssb.todosth.做某事使某人不安bedisturbedby為……感到不安；被……打擾(2)disturbedadj.感到不安的；心煩意亂的disturbingadj.令人不安的，引起煩惱的①Dadnormallyhatesbeing_disturbed(disturb)whenheiswriting.(2018·上海一模)爸爸通常不喜歡在寫作的時(shí)候被打擾。②Thebooktakesplaceduringadisturbing(disturb)timeinSouthAfrica,whenthecountrywasdealingwithviolenceandtherapidspreadofAIDS.(2018·南寧模擬)這本書寫的是南非的一個(gè)令人不安的時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)該國正在處理暴力和艾滋病的迅速蔓延。③Mygrandmotheris_very_disturbed_bythelossofhearing.我祖母對(duì)失去聽力深感不安。④It_disturbed_her_to_realizethatshewasalone.她意識(shí)到自己孤單一人，心里很不安。5．discouragevt.使灰心；勸阻，阻止；使泄氣[教材原句]Eventhoughsomeofthegorillaswerequitedangerous,thisdidnotdiscourageDian.盡管有些大猩猩相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)，但這沒有阻止黛安。(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth.勸某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouragingadj.令人泄氣或沮喪的discouragedadj.(人)感到泄氣或沮喪的(3)discouragementn.勸阻；泄氣；使人泄氣的事；挫折，氣餒①Inanefforttodiscourage_people_from_usingplastics,scientistshavebeenhardatworkinventingalternativepackagingproducts.(2018·煙臺(tái)一模)為了勸人們不要使用塑料，科學(xué)家們一直在努力發(fā)明可替代的包裝產(chǎn)品。②Yetinsteadofbeing_discouraged_bymyslowprogress,Iwasexcited.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ完形)我并沒有因?yàn)樽约哼M(jìn)步緩慢而沮喪，相反我很興奮。③Today'sreportontheeconomyisso_discouraging_thatmanypeoplelosehopeoftheirbusiness.今天的經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)告是如此令人沮喪以至于許多人對(duì)生意失去了希望。6．desiren．渴望，欲望，愿望vt.渴望，期望；想要[教材原句]Healwayshadastrongdesiretolearnhowtofly.他總是強(qiáng)烈渴望能學(xué)習(xí)飛行。(1)have/loseadesireeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.想/不想做某事,forsth.想/不想得到某物))(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……(3)desiredadj.渴望的；想得的①M(fèi)ostpeoplehave_a_desire_tocollectthings.大多數(shù)人都想收集東西。②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp(should)_be_given(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.我們渴望能給那些被洪水圍困的當(dāng)?shù)卮迕駛兲峁┘皶r(shí)的救援。③Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimesbringthe_desired_result.在沒有枕頭的硬床上睡覺有時(shí)會(huì)帶來理想的結(jié)果。④Idesireto_contact(contact)himforsomesuggestionsonimprovingmylistening.我想和他聯(lián)系，就提高我的聽力征求一些建議。[名師點(diǎn)津]desire后跟賓語從句、同位語從句或表語從句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”形式，should可以省略。7．a(chǎn)pplyvi.申請(qǐng)；適用vt.使用，應(yīng)用；專心于；涂抹，敷[教材原句]In1998,heappliedtobeamemberofProject921,whichisnowcalledShenzhou.1998年，他申請(qǐng)成為“921”計(jì)劃(現(xiàn)名“神舟”計(jì)劃)的成員。[一詞多義]寫出句中apply的含義①Inthiswaytheycanbetterapplytheorytopractice.應(yīng)用，使用②Interestedinthisinternationalnetwork,Iamwritingtoapplyforitsmembership.申請(qǐng)③Thenurseappliedtheointmenttothewound.涂抹，敷(1)apply...to...把……運(yùn)用到……中；把……涂到……上applyto...適應(yīng)……；適用于……apply(to...)for...(向……)申請(qǐng)……applyoneselfto集中精力于(2)applicantn.申請(qǐng)人applicationn.申請(qǐng)；申請(qǐng)書；適用④Whenanideaoccurredtotheapplicant,_hefirstapplied_it_tohiswork.Healsoapplied_forapatentaboutit.Thenheapplied_himself_tomakingnecessarychanges.當(dāng)那位申請(qǐng)人想到一個(gè)主意時(shí)，他首先把它應(yīng)用到他的工作中。他還申請(qǐng)了一項(xiàng)專利。然后他集中精力做了必要的改變。[自主練通詞匯]1．preservevt.保存，保護(hù)，保持n.保護(hù)區(qū)完成句子①Socialactivitiesusuallypreserve_old_people_fromtheloneliness.社會(huì)活動(dòng)經(jīng)常保護(hù)老年人免于孤獨(dú)之苦。②Ithinktheseinterestingoldcustomsshouldbe_well_preserved.我認(rèn)為這些有趣的舊習(xí)俗應(yīng)該被很好地保留下來。③Inthisnature_preserve,_alltherareplantsare_well-preserved.在這種自然保護(hù)區(qū)，所有珍稀植物都保存完好。2．inspirevt.啟迪，賦予靈感；激勵(lì)，鼓舞單句語法填空①ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicansto_lay(lay)downtheirweapons.(2016·江蘇高考閱讀)②Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirations(inspire)forgreatinventions.(2017·北京高考)③Itisreallyinspiring(inspire)tohearthatmysongotfirstplaceinthemathscontest.④Everydayinourwork,weareinspired(inspire)bythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.(2016·四川高考閱讀)[點(diǎn)撥]inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的(修飾說明物)；inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的；有靈感的(修飾說明人)。[詞匯過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Somepeopleeatwildanimalsnotonlytoenjoythetastebutalsotowanttosatisfytheircuriosity(curious)．2．Hisparentstriedtodiscouragehimfromgoingabroad,butfailed.3．Everyonedesiresto_live(live)inaworldfreeofworriesandpains.4．Unfortunately(fortunate),thatricketyoldsled(雪橇)theyusedcouldn'tholdupandtheycrashed.5．Mygrandfathercontentedhimself(he)withasingleglassofwine.6．Manymeasureshavebeentakentopreserveournaturalresourcesfrombeingwasted.7．Ourteacherinspiredusto_make(make)greaterefforts.8．I'mwritingtoapplyforthepositionadvertisedinyourpany.9．Beingnative,Iammyhadnotroubleinfindingtheentrancetothevalley.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Inspiringbythespeech,thelittlegirlmadeuphermindtoworkevenharder.Inspiring→Inspired2．Don'tbesodiscouraging.Ifyouputawaysuchfeelings,youwilldobetternexttime.discouraging→discouraged3．ShortafterthatraceIgotitinmyheadthatIcouldrunamarathon.Short→Shortly4．Peoplegatheredround,curiouslytoknowwhatwashappening.curiously→curious5．Iamverydisturbingbytheplaintsthathavebeenmadeagainstyou.disturbing→disturbed6．Wealwaysdesireliveinharmonywithourneighbors.live前加to7．Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplyforher.for→to8．Theorganizationwassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciestoextinction.第二個(gè)to→fromⅢ.單句寫作(補(bǔ)全句子/一句多譯)1.Everyonehasachanceofmaking_a_fortune(發(fā)財(cái))bystruggling.2．Youshould'tbe_content_with_such_small_success(滿足于這樣小的成功)．3．Ishouldapply_for_the_post(申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位)ifIwereyou.4．這位老婦人希望她的兒女們不時(shí)地來看望她。①Theoldwomandesiredhersonsanddaughtersto_e_and_seeherfromtimetotime.(desiresb.todo)②Theoldwomandesired_thathersonsanddaughterse_and_seeherfromtimetotime.(desirethat...)5．我們希望壞天氣不會(huì)阻止人們前來。①Wehopethebadweatherwon'tdiscourage_people_fromingalong.(discourage)②Wehopethebadweatherwon'tprevent_people_fromingalong.(prevent)③Wehopethebadweatherwon'tstop_people_fromingalong.(stop)[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．eacross(偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)；被理解[教材原句]There,theycameacrossthetombofKingTutankhamun.在那個(gè)地方，他們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了圖坦卡蒙國王的陵墓。ealong跟隨eabout發(fā)生eon來吧；趕快；進(jìn)行eout出版；出來；出現(xiàn)；結(jié)果是eto蘇醒；總計(jì)；達(dá)到etooneself蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺eup走近；上來；發(fā)芽；被提出eupwith想出；提出whenitesto...當(dāng)談到……時(shí)①Whenwalkingdownthestreet,Icame_acrossDavidwhoIhadn'tseenforyears.當(dāng)沿著街道散步的時(shí)候，我遇見了多年未見的戴維。②However,newshootsofbamboowille_upfromaroundtherootsoftheoldones.然而，新的竹筍將從舊根的周圍長出來。③Icanusetheputer.Whenitestorepairing(repair)it,Iknownothing.我會(huì)使用電腦，但談到修電腦，我一無所知。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“(偶然)遇見”的短語還有：runacross;runinto;meetwith;meet...bychance/byaccident等。2．resultin導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是……[教材原句]Ifbreathedin,theycanresultinillnessorevendeath.如果(這些病毒)被人體吸入，它們可能導(dǎo)致疾病甚至死亡。(1)resultfrom由……造成；因……而產(chǎn)生(2)asaresult結(jié)果asaresultof...作為……的結(jié)果①Lookforareviewpartnerbecausestudyingbyyourselfmighteventuallyresult_in_laziness.尋找一個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)的搭檔，因?yàn)槟悛?dú)自學(xué)習(xí)可能最終會(huì)產(chǎn)生惰性。②Thetrainwasdelayedas_a_result_oftheheavyrain.由于大雨的緣故，火車晚點(diǎn)了。③As_a_result,_peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去努力彌補(bǔ)損失的東西。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“導(dǎo)致”的短語還有：leadto;contributeto;bringabout;accountfor等。3.payoff成功，帶來好結(jié)果；得到回報(bào)；還清[教材原句]Allmyyearsoftrainingasanexplorerhavefinallypaidoff!我作為探險(xiǎn)家多年的訓(xùn)練終于得到了回報(bào)！[一詞多義]寫出句中payoff的含義①Howeverdifficultyoufindittoarrangeyourtime,itwillpayoffinthelongrun.帶來好結(jié)果②Theyhaveloans,bills,amortgagetopayoff,retirementtosavefor.還清③Tim,believeme,allyoureffortswillpayoffsomeday.得到回報(bào)payback償還，償付；報(bào)復(fù)payfor...付錢買……，為……付出代價(jià)paysb.moneyfor...為……付給某人錢payavisittosb./sp.訪問某人/參觀某處payattentionto注意④I'llpay_him_backformakingmelooklikeafoolinfrontofeveryone.他讓我當(dāng)眾出丑，我非治治他不可。⑤Hepaid_twenty_dollars_forthesecond-handtool.他花20美元買了這件二手工具。[名師點(diǎn)津]在對(duì)payoff短語進(jìn)行考查時(shí)，其抽象意義“帶來好結(jié)果，得到好回報(bào)”是考查的重點(diǎn)。⑥ThoughpoemsintheTangDynastyareverydifficulttolearn,youreffortswill_pay_offintime.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ寫作佳句)盡管唐詩很難學(xué)，但你的努力總有一天會(huì)得到回報(bào)。4．Bythe1920s,hehad_beeanexplorer,searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings.到了20世紀(jì)20年代，他已經(jīng)成為一名探險(xiǎn)家，致力于尋找古埃及國王的陵墓。句中bythe1920s意為“到了20世紀(jì)20年代”?！癰y＋時(shí)間名詞”，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。eq\x(\a\al(“by＋時(shí)間”作狀語，句子時(shí)態(tài)如下：,1“by＋現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),2“by＋過去時(shí)間”，主句用過去完成時(shí),3“by＋將來時(shí)間”，主句用將來完成時(shí)))①Bynow,fivevillagershave_been_attacked(attack)bythehairycreature.到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)有5個(gè)村民被那個(gè)多毛動(dòng)物襲擊了。②Bythetimethedoctorarrivedatthespot,thepatienthad_died_(die).當(dāng)醫(yī)生到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)，病人已經(jīng)死了。③Bythetimehe'stwenty,hewill_have_known(know)everyoneworthknowinginWashington.到20歲時(shí)，他就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)華盛頓所有值得認(rèn)識(shí)的人。[名師點(diǎn)津]“by＋將來的時(shí)間”也可以用于虛擬語氣句子中，表示對(duì)未來的假設(shè)。此時(shí)其所在句子謂語用“would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形”。④IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwould_happen(happen)bytheyear2100?如果各個(gè)國家只能保持巴黎協(xié)議的初步承諾，2100年后會(huì)發(fā)生什么？5．AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest,it_washishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina'sfirstastronaut.雖然楊(利偉)并非每項(xiàng)測(cè)試都得了最高分，但他各項(xiàng)心理測(cè)試所得的高分最終為他贏得了中國首位宇航員的席位。該句型為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人時(shí)，可用who或that，其他一律用that。(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分(2)一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分？(3)特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞＋is/wasit＋that/who＋其他成分？(4)not...until...用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句的句式：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...①It_waswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.當(dāng)我回到我的公寓的時(shí)候，我第一次遇見了我的新鄰居。②Was_it_five_years_ago_thatwegottogether?我們聚在一起是在五年前嗎？③Thepatientlooksmuchbetter.What_is_it_thathasmadehimwhatheistoday?那個(gè)病人看上去好多了。是什么讓他變成今天這樣的呢？④It_wasn't_until_IfinishedfilmstudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.(2017·天津高考閱讀表達(dá))直到我完成了電影學(xué)習(xí)，我才開始追逐我的演員生涯。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷方法：一般來說，如果把句子中的“Itis/was”和“that/who”去掉，語序稍加調(diào)整，能還原為完整句子，且句子意思依然完整，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，that只起連接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。[短語、句式過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.選詞填空eq\x(payoff，resultin，eacross，openup，inconnectionwith，setsail)1．Itwouldtakehimtherestofhislifetopay_offhisdebts.2．OurshipfromShanghaitoLondonwillset_sailtomorrow.3．Hiscarelessnessresulted_inthefailureoftheexperiment.4．Thepolicehavearrestedtwosuspectsin_connection_withthebankrobbery.5．YesterdayafternoonIcame_acrossanoldfriendwehadn'tseenforages.6．ThereisanewThairestaurantopening_upintown.Ⅱ.翻譯句子1.警方已控制了局勢(shì)。(incontrolof)The_police_have_been_in_control_of_the_situation.2．孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)尊敬父母和老師。(lookupto)Children_should_look_up_to_their_parents_and_teachers._3．到你回來時(shí)，我就寫完我的小說了。(bythetime)By_the_time_you_e_back,_I_will_have_finished_writing_my_novel.4．這些花如果不能每天澆水就會(huì)死去。(unless＋分詞)The_flowers_will_die_unless_watered_every_day.5．她興沖沖地回到家里，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人也沒有。(onlytodo...)She_came_home_excitedly,_only_to_find_nobody_was_in.Ⅲ.按要求改寫句子1．Thedriver'sdiedasaresultofhiscarelessness.(改為復(fù)合句)→The_driver's_died_because_he_was_careless.2．Ididn'trealizethatshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.(強(qiáng)調(diào)until從句)→It_was_not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_that_I_realized_she_was_a_famous_film_star.3．Withoutherwork,therewouldbeveryfewmountaingorillaslefttoday.(用if改寫句子)→If_it_hadn't_been_for_her_work,_there_would_be_very_few_mountain_gorillas_left_today.4．Theynotonlystudiedallthesubjectsrequiredtobeanastronaut,butalsolearnedsurvivalskills.(改為部分倒裝)→Not_only_did_they_study_all_the_subjects_required_to_be_an_astronaut,_but_also_learned_survival_skills.eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實(shí)現(xiàn)教材與高考的對(duì)接)提能一用課文詞匯寫高分作文amazing，create，nationality，curious，discouraged，lookupto，haveaeffecton，resultin1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語)①一些有所作為的人永遠(yuǎn)值得我們敬佩。Some_amazing_people__are_worth_looking_up_toforever.②比爾·蓋茨對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)產(chǎn)生了很大影響。BillGateshad_a_great_effect_onputertechnology.③貝多芬為我們創(chuàng)造了美妙的音樂。Beethovencreated_wonderful_musicforus.④袁隆平水稻研究導(dǎo)致了產(chǎn)量的提高。YuanLongping'sresearchonricebreedresulted_in_the_increase__in_production.⑤雖然他們國籍不同，但是他們的共同點(diǎn)就是對(duì)世界感到好奇并且從不氣餒。Thoughtheyareofdifferent_nationalities,_whattheyhaveinmonisthattheyare_curious_about__the_world_and__never_discouraged.2．升級(jí)平淡句用強(qiáng)調(diào)句改寫句③It_was_Beethoven__who__created_wonderful_music_for_us.3．銜接成語篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：thought)Someamazingpeopleareworthlookinguptoforever.BillGateshadagreateffectonputertechnology.ItwasBeethovenwhocreatedwonderfulmusicforus.YuanLongping'sresearchonricebreedresultedintheincreaseinproduction.Thoughtheyareofdifferentnationalities,whattheyhaveinmonisthattheyarecuriousabouttheworldandneverdiscouraged.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長難句[本單元突破點(diǎn)——“名詞性從句＋定語從句”搭檔復(fù)合句]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長難句Othersbelievethattheywereinconnectionwithamummy'scurse，asapunishmentforthosewhoentertherestingplaceofthedead.這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句謂語動(dòng)詞believe后接一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；賓語從句中又含有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。但唯一不是很有趣的事情是，他能釣到許多魚，而我什么也釣不到。真題長難句Buttheonlythingthatwasn'tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn'tcatchanything.(2015·廣東高考)這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，thatwasn'tveryfunaboutit是定語從句，thathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn'tcatchanything是表語從句，其中while是并列連詞。“杰出人物”是高中新課標(biāo)話題“個(gè)人情況”中的子話題，其命題點(diǎn)分布于高考試題的各個(gè)題型，如閱讀理解中的人物傳記，寫作中的申請(qǐng)信及人物介紹等。熟練掌握該類話題的各種題型是高考制勝的捷徑之一。一、話題與語篇[考題示例](2017·6月浙江高考閱讀A)[1]BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.[2]Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬亂).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.[3]The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版畫)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.[4]In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.[5]Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(風(fēng)景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremypanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.21．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.23．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.24．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．a(chǎn)ppreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainter[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文第1步：宏觀把握文章大意分層抓關(guān)鍵句概括層意行文結(jié)構(gòu)第1段第1段畫波浪線部分6歲時(shí)本杰明就顯示出了一定的藝術(shù)天賦開端第2～4段第2～4段畫波浪線部分從自制畫筆作畫到獲得表兄贈(zèng)送的專業(yè)繪畫材料，本杰明的天賦逐步展現(xiàn)，并引起了堂兄的關(guān)注發(fā)展第5段第5段畫波浪線部分在費(fèi)城，9歲的本杰明開始叩響藝術(shù)殿堂的大門，并立志成為藝術(shù)家結(jié)局第2步：微觀突破理解障礙[嘗試翻譯]雖然很有可能本杰明對(duì)這些書理解甚少，但它們卻是他了解古典繪畫的入門指導(dǎo)。(二)這樣做題[名師解題]21．主旨大意題。選C文章從本杰明在六歲時(shí)自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的。故選C項(xiàng)。22．句意理解題。選D由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫線句的字面意思是“貓的命運(yùn)將會(huì)得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆。由此可推知D項(xiàng)與畫線句的意思相符。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選B根據(jù)文章末段首句“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知，為了更好地發(fā)展本杰明的繪畫天賦，堂兄Pennington給了他很多幫助，提供了創(chuàng)作油畫的材料，故選B項(xiàng)。24．推理判斷題。選D根據(jù)文章最后一段本杰明說的話以及“Whileitislikelythatheunderstood...Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可推知，Williams給本杰明的兩本關(guān)于繪畫的著作幫助本杰明打開了藝術(shù)之門，使他立志成為藝術(shù)家，故選D項(xiàng)。[閱讀理解系列技法4]利用文章主線和關(guān)鍵信息提煉文章大意不是每一篇文章都有明確的主題句，也不是所有段落都有明確的段落主題句。有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，但沒有用一句明確的話表達(dá)出來。這就要求考生做題時(shí)根據(jù)文章的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，找出共同點(diǎn)，再歸納成一般概念。也就是利用文章的主線和關(guān)鍵信息(事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)、觀點(diǎn)等)提煉文章大意。此類文章通常是敘述一件事的發(fā)展過程，或是陳述一系列同等重要的細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)。例如第21題，文章從本杰明在六歲時(shí)自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的。(三)這樣積累1．materialn．材料2．classicadj.經(jīng)典的3．dulladj.無意義的4．panionn.陪伴5．beforcedto被迫……6．beimpressedwith對(duì)……印象深刻二、話題與寫作[考題示例](2016·北京高考)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對(duì)中國歷史很感興趣，并請(qǐng)你介紹一位你喜歡的中國歷史人物。請(qǐng)你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括：1．該人物是誰；2．該人物的主要貢獻(xiàn)；3．該人物對(duì)你的影響。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，Yours，LiHua[寫作規(guī)范]第一步：寫對(duì)詞匯不丟冤枉分1．收到……來信hear_from2．我最喜歡的中國歷史人物my_favorite_figure_inChinese_history3．和……分享share_...with_...4．關(guān)于/至于as_for5．肯定是must_be6．介紹現(xiàn)代科技和思想introduce_modern_techn-ologies_and_ideas7．主修major_in第二步：列全要點(diǎn)，寫對(duì)句子保基本分1．從你上次的郵件中得知你要我告訴你我最喜歡的中國歷史人物。I_know_from_your_last_mail_that_you_ask_me_to_tell_you_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history.2．我很高興與你分享。I'm_more_than_glad_to_share_that_with_you.3．關(guān)于我最喜歡的歷史人物，那一定是魏源。As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it_must_be_Wei_Yuan.4．他是晚清一位偉大的思想家。He_was_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.5．在他的書《海國圖志》中，他將現(xiàn)代科技和思想介紹到了中國。He,_in_his_book,_Haiguo_Tuzhi_(Maps_and_Records_of_the_World),_introduced_modern_technologies_and_ideas_to_China.6．事實(shí)上，他激勵(lì)我在大學(xué)里主修英語專業(yè)，架起中國和世界的橋梁。In_fact,_he_inspires_me_to_major_in_English_in_college,_to_be_a_bridge_between_China_and_the_world.第三步：句式升級(jí)，打造亮點(diǎn)得高分1．將句1、2用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語合并Knowing_from_your_last_mail_that_you_ask_me_to_tell_you_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_I'm_more_than_glad_to_share_that_with_you.2．將句3、4用同位語合并As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Ch