押湖南卷第46-55題 知識(shí)運(yùn)用之語(yǔ)法填空（原卷版）-備戰(zhàn)2024年中考英語(yǔ)臨考題號(hào)押題

押湖南卷第46-55題知識(shí)運(yùn)用之語(yǔ)法填空【題型概述】語(yǔ)法填空又稱為開(kāi)放式語(yǔ)篇填空，這一題型的測(cè)試是根據(jù)德國(guó)心理學(xué)家的格式塔心理學(xué)原理和英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家布朗的語(yǔ)篇分析理論等，從語(yǔ)法的句子結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)法形式、詞匯的本義和轉(zhuǎn)義以及前后綴的變化、語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)篇的線索以及標(biāo)志詞等方面測(cè)試學(xué)生的整體語(yǔ)篇能力。這種命題形式將過(guò)去以句子為核心的語(yǔ)法單項(xiàng)選擇變成以語(yǔ)篇為核心的語(yǔ)法填空。其轉(zhuǎn)變體現(xiàn)了新課改由語(yǔ)法知識(shí)到語(yǔ)法技能的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變以及當(dāng)今英語(yǔ)改革的趨勢(shì)：突出語(yǔ)篇，強(qiáng)調(diào)在語(yǔ)篇中測(cè)試學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和技能。語(yǔ)法填空是中考試卷最難題目之一，10個(gè)小題共10分。一般在一篇200字左右短文中挖出10個(gè)空（一般一行或一句一個(gè)空，首句不設(shè)空），要求學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)全短文，每空只填一個(gè)單詞。主要考九大詞類（名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞）。其中三個(gè)不給詞（冠詞，介詞，連詞），其他七個(gè)給詞。該題旨在測(cè)試考生的英語(yǔ)閱讀理解能力和簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū)面表達(dá)能力，既考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，又考查他們的觀察能力、聯(lián)想能力以及對(duì)語(yǔ)言的綜合運(yùn)用能力。為答好此題，需要打好基礎(chǔ)關(guān)。這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)關(guān)既包括1600個(gè)單詞，300多個(gè)短語(yǔ)以及一部分常用句型和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的意思和用法，也包括各種詞形變化?！鹃喿x策略】1.瀏覽全文，明確大意瀏覽全文的目的是盡快把握其大意，利用“大意”這條“主線”來(lái)引導(dǎo)自己，為下一步填空作好準(zhǔn)備。除大意之外，在通讀全文的過(guò)程中，考生有必要弄清該文的體裁、題材、中心思想、寫作主線、段落層次等。了解這些問(wèn)題，有利于考生真正讀懂全文大意，也有利于在填空時(shí)進(jìn)行必要的邏輯推理。2.細(xì)讀全文，逐項(xiàng)填空了解文章大意之后，就可以著手填空了?？忌羁盏倪^(guò)程實(shí)際上是一個(gè)判斷空缺部分的語(yǔ)義（已給出詞語(yǔ)的除外）和正確的語(yǔ)法形式的思維過(guò)程。遇到無(wú)法確定的題目，可以先跳過(guò)去，不要花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間停留在一個(gè)空上。對(duì)于這些沒(méi)有答出的題目，后面的內(nèi)容有可能會(huì)給出提示，或者在核查時(shí)聯(lián)系上下文進(jìn)行推理。3.復(fù)讀全文，調(diào)整答案在答題時(shí)間充裕的情況下，復(fù)查是必要的。復(fù)查的方法是將所有答案代入短文中進(jìn)行檢查，以最后確定答案。通讀時(shí)要注意上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，避免出現(xiàn)前后矛盾或句子不通順的問(wèn)題。一旦理順全文信息且多數(shù)空也已填好，一開(kāi)始感到棘手的難點(diǎn)很可能此時(shí)已迎刃而解。PassageA（2023湖南長(zhǎng)沙卷）DoyouknowWorldLetterWritingDay?Itfalls____36____September1steveryyear.ItwassetupbyRichardSimpkinin2014.Heencouragedpeople____37____(take)abreakfromtoday’ssocialmedia(媒體)andwritealettertosomeonebyhand.Whoshouldyouwriteto?Thinkaboutafriendorrelativethatlivesfaraway.Aparentorbestfriendwouldalsolovetoreceive____38____(you)letter.Howdoyouwritealetter?____39____(general)speaking,aletterincludestheseparts.Thedateandagreeting(問(wèn)候語(yǔ))suchas“Dear…”shouldbeatthetopoftheletter.Aclosingsuchas“Love”or“Yourstruly”needstofollowthebody.Enditby____40____(sign)it.Whyshouldyoupickupapenandwritealetter?Itisasurprisethatmaymakesomeone’sday.It’s____41____goodwaytoshowpeoplethatyouhavebeenthinkingofthem.Everyonelovesapersonaltouch.Itmakes____42____(enjoy)memories(回憶).Somepeoplesave____43____(letter)andlookatthemovertheyears.Arecentstudyshowsthatletterwriting____44____(make)thewriterhappy,too.“HandwritingisyourDNA.It’syourfingerprintthatonlyyoucansharewithothers,”saidRichardSimpkin.So,getsomepaper____45____pickupapen.Startwritingalettertoday!PassageB（2023湖南岳陽(yáng)卷）OurfamilyboughtanewsmartTVsetlastweek.Itis41.______(real)cool!Butwedidn’tknowwhatweshoulddo42.______theoldone.ThenI43.______(see)anadvertisement(廣告)forTech-Help.Tech-HelpdonatessmartTVsetstopeoplewhoneedthem.44.______far,Tech-Helphasdonated(捐贈(zèng))45.______(many)than2,000smartTVsetstodifferentfamiliesacrossthecountry.LastyeartheygavesmartTVsetstopoorfamilies.46.______isveryeasytodonatesmartTVsetstoTech-Help.Yesterday,mybrother47.______ItooktheoldsmartTVsettoalocalshop.Two48.______(hour)later,Tech-Helpcollecteditfromtheshop.TheywillcleanthesmartTVsetandmakeitbetter.Rightnow,Tech-HelpisgivingsmartTVsetstofamiliesinXinjiang.Thereareabout50familiesonthe49.______(wait)list.TheybelievetheywillgetthesmartTVsetssoon.I’m50.______(excite)wecoulddosomethingtohelpothers!本題型分兩種情況：一種為已給單詞提示，一種為不給單詞提示。1.已給單詞提示的解題技巧一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化，一是詞的派生變化。①名詞形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。②動(dòng)詞的形式變化有謂語(yǔ)的變化(時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣)，有非謂語(yǔ)的變化(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)。③代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化，如noone/none、other/another等。④形容詞、副詞大都有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化。形容詞的最高級(jí)還要冠以the。⑤數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及one/two的特殊變化形式once/twice等。⑥詞的派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。還有可能檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。2.未給單詞提示的解題技巧①固定短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來(lái)判斷是否構(gòu)成。②從句引導(dǎo)詞;主要檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞的掌握。③短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu):以動(dòng)詞為中心的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)。④短語(yǔ)介詞：即起介詞作用的短語(yǔ)，如：exceptfor，dueto等。⑤連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu):常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，notonly…butalso...等。⑥冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞：冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆?；副詞的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等。⑦上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞：根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自己的知識(shí)積累，填入某個(gè)已出現(xiàn)的詞，或其反義詞，或其同類的某個(gè)詞。答案線索可能在本句，可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句，還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠(yuǎn)的地方。PassageASpringhasarrived.Itisaperfecttimeforyoutoflykites.Youcanbenefitalotfromflyingkites,whichnotonlyhelpsbuildup1．(you)body,butgetsyourelaxed.Areyoucuriousa-boutwhocreatedkites?Itisbelievedthatkites2．(invent)bythefamousphilosopherMozi2,500yearsago,duringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Heusedwood3．(create)a"flyingbird"thatflewintheskyforawholeday.4．(late),kiteswereusedbythearmiestomeasuredistance,testthewind,andrescuepeople.DuringtheTangDynasty,kiteswereusedmoreas5．toolforfun.Atfirst,onlyroyal（皇室的）familymemberscouldplaywithkites.Gradually,theybecamepopular6．commonpeople,whoflewtheminimportanteventsandfestivals.EveryyearinspringwhenTomb-sweepingDay7．(come),almosteveryhouseholdwentouttoflythekiteandhadapicnicin8．(sun)andwindydays.Itwasagoodtimetodisplaythekites9．enjoythewarmweatherandthefreshair.Nowadays,flyingkiteshasbecomeapopularformof10．(please)andcompetitionathomeandabroad.Peoplelikeflyingkitesinlocalorinternationaleventstoshowtheirkite-makingandkite-flyingskills.ThelargestkitemuseumoftheworldisinthecityofWeifang,knownas"KiteCapitaloftheWorld",andeveryyear,kitefansallovertheworldcometowatchandtakepartintheannualInternationalKiteFestival.PassageBTheelephant-footdrumisaclassicmusicalinstrumentoftheDaipeople.Thedrum-makingskill11．(list)asanationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))in2011.Theelephant-footdrumdanceisverypopularwiththeDaipeople.Itisoftenperformedduringfestivals.Anditis12．wayfortheDaipeopletoshowtheirjoyaswellastheirvillageculture.XièWenping,32,usedtolearnhowtomakeadrumfromhisgrandfather13．madeelephant-footdrumsforaliving."Atayoungage,Idecidedtomakemoreand14．(good)drums,"Xiesaid.Whileelephant-footdrumscarrygreatcultural15．(important),makinganelephant-footdrumisnoeasytask."Ittakesaboutthirty16．(step),"Xieexplained.Therepetition(重復(fù))oftheworkmightnotbe17．(excite),butwheneverXieseeshisgrandfather'ssmilewhilemakingthedrum,hefeelsencouragedagain."Overtheyearsthenumberofpeopleskilledinmakingelephant-footdrums18．(go)down,"Xiesaid."Ifeellikeit'smyresponsibilitytocarryiton."Xieiscreatiyeintheformofthedrum.Tomake19．easierfortheelephant-footdrumtospreadtoplacesoutsideYunnan,Xiecameup20．theideaofmakingaminiversion(版本)ofthedrumanddesigned(設(shè)計(jì))keychainsshapedliketheelephant-footdrum.PassageCAfestivalisacelebration.Festivalsarepopulararoundtheworld21．manyreasons.Theyarefunandcanbeagoodchanceforfamiliesandfriendstospendtimetogether.TheLanternFestivalisjustlikeanyofthem.TheLanternFestival（alsoknownasYuanxiaoFestival）startedabout2000yearsagoinChina.Thefestivalfallsonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthoftheChineseNewYear.As22．result，theexactdateofthefestivalisdifferenteveryyear.Manystoriesaretoldabouthowthisfestivalbegan.Hereisoneof23．（they）.InancientChina，therelivedapalacemaid（女仆）24．（work）dayandnightanddidn'tallowhertogobackhomesoshemissedherfamilyverymuch.YuanxiaohadafriendcalledDongfangShuo，anofficer25．wastrustedbytheking.YuanxiaoaskedShuoforhelpbecauseshethoughthewastheonlyonewhocouldhelpher.ShuoreallywantedtohelpYuanxiaoandcameupwithacleveridea.HetoldthekingthattheGodofFirewasangrywiththecountryanddecided26．（punish）thepeopleonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthofthelunaryear.Hearingthis，thekingwas27．（worry）andhehaddifficultyeatingandsleeping.Andthen，Yuanxiaotoldthekingthatbecausethegodlikedtowatchfireshowsandheartheloudsounds28．（choose），andheagreed.Whenthedaycame，Yuanxiao29．（lead）allthepeopletosetofffirecrackersandthelanternsshonebrightlylikebigfires.Shealsohelpedmakedeliciousdumplingsforthegodtoeat.30．（luck），theplanworkedintheendandthekingannouncedthatYuanxiaocouldgohomeandseeherfamilyandfriends.Sincethen，theLanternFestivalhasbecomeatimeforfamiliesandfriendstogettogether.PassageDStudyingisimportanttostudents.Butitisalwaysdifficult31．(find)enoughtimetostudyeverysubjectyouneed.Soagoodplanhelpsyoutomakesureofyour32．(succeed)instudy.Then,howcanwemakeastudyplan?Well,beginwithlistingallthesubjectsyouneedtostudyandmakesure33．youneedtodoforeachsubject.Next,decidehowmuchtimeyoushouldspend34．differentsubjects.Now,itisagoodideatostudyatthesametimeeveryday.Inthisway,youactuallyhaveaplanyoucanremember35．(easy).Oncetheplan36．(make),thenextthingyouneedtodoistofollowit.Oneofthe37．(big)challengesinfollowingyourstudyplanisthatyouwillbetempted(誘惑)toavoiditanddosomethingrelaxingorfuninstead.Luckily,youcanfightthistemptationbytakingbreaks.Butbesurenottotakeextrabreaksortoolongbreaksbecauseitcanaffectyourplan.Soatthestartofyourbreak,set38．a(chǎn)larmclocktoremindyouwhenyourbreakisover.Also,youneedtouseyourbreakwisely.Forexample,goforashortwalk,eatasmallsnack,orlistentosomemusic.Toavoid39．(forget)tofollowyourplan,trytogetintothehabitoflookingatyourcalendareveryday.Sometimesourplansarehardtofollow40．someimportantpeopleinourlivesdistract(使分心)usfromourgoals.Inordertoavoidthis,tellpeoplearoundyouaboutyourplan..PassageEMannersareveryimportantinourdailylife.Therearemanydifferenthabitsandcustomsamongdifferentcountries.Herearethe41．(thing)thatapersonwithgoodeducationshoulddo.WhenyouvisitaChinesefamily,youshouldknock42．thedoorfirst.Don'tmovebeforethehostsays"Comein,please."Itis43．(polite)totakeaseatbeforethehostoffersyou.Whenacupoftea44．(send)toyourhand,youshouldsay"Thankyou."andreceiveitwithtwohands.Before45．(enter)ahouseinJapan,itisagoodmannertotakeoffyourshoes.InEngland,ifavisitor46．(eat)allthefood,thehostwillbepleasedwiththat.If47．Englishmansays"Comeatanytime."youshouldn'tstartfixingadateatonce.48．inIndia,"comeatanytime"means"Iwantyoutovisitme."Ifyoudon'tsuggestatimeatonce,theIndianwillthinkyouarerefusingthe49．(invite).Althoughtherearemanydifferencesbetweencultures,there'sonethatisaccepted50．(w