初中英語(yǔ)詞匯辨析

同義詞組辨析1.

feellike

：想要做某事，句型是feellikedoingsomething。wouldlike：想要做某事，句型是wouldliketodosomething。2.

muchtoo：修飾形容詞或副詞。toomuch：修飾不可數(shù)名詞。toomany：修飾可數(shù)名詞。3.

few

：修飾可數(shù)名詞表示沒(méi)有。afew：修飾可數(shù)名詞表示有幾個(gè)。4.

little

：修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示沒(méi)有。alittle：修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示有點(diǎn)。5.

復(fù)合詞：1）

數(shù)詞+名詞2）

數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞

不管前面的數(shù)字是多少，名詞均用單數(shù)。這些復(fù)合詞只能修飾名詞，不能單獨(dú)使用。例如：the500-metrerace;an800-wordletter;a10-year-oldboy;我們可以說(shuō)Thebridgeis200meterslong?；蛘哒f(shuō)Thisisa200-meter-longbridge.但我們不能說(shuō)Thisisa200-meters-longbridge.Thebridgeis200-meter-long.6.

both,all

在句中的位置

和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，應(yīng)放在be動(dòng)詞的后面，助動(dòng)詞will,shall,和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,can等的后面，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的前面。注意：在簡(jiǎn)略回答以及感嘆句中，它們不能位于句尾，要放在be，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之前。例如：Areyouparentsworkers?

Yes,theybothare.

Howbusytheyallare!7.

enough的用法：3）修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，必須位于其后，不能位于其前；4）

修飾名詞時(shí)，一般位于其前，也可位于其后。

例如：Thequestioniseasyenough.

Wehaveenoughticketsforallofyou.8.

形容詞修飾不定代詞（something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody…）時(shí)，應(yīng)放在后面。例如：nothingserious;somethingwrong;anyoneelse等9.

英語(yǔ)中詞的種類是非常重要的，有些詞類是可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換的。例如，形容詞變副詞；通常是在詞尾加ly。輔音加y結(jié)尾的要把y變i加ly.也有一些特殊情況例如：good---well;lucky---luckily;careful-----carefully

;

polite----politely

;

true-----truly

;

terrible----terribly1)

形容詞用在名詞前，修飾限定這個(gè)名詞；2)

形容詞用在系動(dòng)詞后面，表狀態(tài)；3)

副詞放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后；

例如：aluckyman

,

aninterestingboy,

turngreen

,

lookyoung

,

isgood

,

smellgood

,

laughhappily

,

runslowly

10.

usedtodosth:

過(guò)去總做某事（現(xiàn)在不做了）只用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事，可用于現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去，將來(lái)的多種時(shí)態(tài)，be可用get,become來(lái)代替。beusedtodosth.

被用于做某事，不定式表示目的，可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。11.

lookfor:

意思是“尋找”是有目的的找，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”這一動(dòng)作。find

:

意思是“找到”“發(fā)現(xiàn)”是經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力之后“找到”丟失的東西或人，強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。findout:

意思是“找出”“查明”用作及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，常表達(dá)找出答案，弄明真相，查明情況等意思。12.

borrow:

借進(jìn)。詞組有borrow…from從…借進(jìn)來(lái)lend

:

借出。詞組有l(wèi)end…to

把…借給…13.

have(has)beento:

表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但目前人未在。have(has)goneto:

意思為“去了”表示人已經(jīng)走了（至少目前不在說(shuō)話的地方，在去的路上或者已經(jīng)到達(dá)了目的地。14.

nobody

:代詞，“沒(méi)人”，不能用于of結(jié)構(gòu)中。none

:一個(gè)都沒(méi)有，可指人，也可指物，可用于noneof結(jié)構(gòu)中，noneof后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)接可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)；當(dāng)接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，只用單數(shù)形式。noone

:=nobody沒(méi)人。15.

anumberof

:“許多…”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，句中真正的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。thenumberof:“…的總數(shù)”number指“數(shù)目”“人數(shù)”是句中真正的主語(yǔ)，由介詞of引出的短語(yǔ)是修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，故動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)形式。16.

between:“在…中

”一般只兩者之間。among

:“在…中

”指三者（或三者以上）之中。17.

across

:“穿過(guò)，通過(guò)

”介詞，指從物體的一側(cè)到另一側(cè)或從某個(gè)范圍的一邊到另一邊，

它和on有關(guān)表示從“面上”穿過(guò)。through:“穿過(guò)通過(guò)”介詞，指從…中通過(guò)著重指從空間的一頭縱穿到另一頭，含義與in有關(guān)cross

:“穿過(guò)，通過(guò)

”動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞加across的用法。18.

cost

:“值…錢,需要花費(fèi)…錢”它的主語(yǔ)一般為表示東西的名詞不能表示人的名詞。spend:

的主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常是人，用來(lái)表示花錢買東西，常用的句型有：人+spend+時(shí)間/金錢+onsth；人+spend+時(shí)間/金錢+(in)doingsthpay

:意思為“支付，花費(fèi)”主語(yǔ)只能是人，且只用于花費(fèi)金錢，其結(jié)構(gòu)為

“pay+sb+somemoney+forsth.”意思是“為…付給某人多少錢”其中的人錢事，可以根據(jù)具體情況取舍。take

:用于“花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢”其常用于結(jié)構(gòu)It+take(根據(jù)需要用不同的時(shí)態(tài))+sb+time(money)+todosth.19.

giveup和givein

相同點(diǎn)：意思都是放棄，讓步。形式上都可作不及物動(dòng)詞使用。不同點(diǎn)是：giveup指行為者碰到某種原因或困難而自己主動(dòng)放棄；givein指不再堅(jiān)持而按別人的要求去做，側(cè)重于屈服。形式上giveup可作及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。而givein只作不及物動(dòng)詞，后不接賓語(yǔ)。20.

such

+a/an+形容詞＋名詞單數(shù)so

＋形容詞＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)／不可數(shù)名詞＋形容詞或副詞＋形容詞＋a/an+名詞單數(shù)＋many或few+名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋much或little＋不可數(shù)名詞21.

alone：用作形容詞，通常只作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，意思是單獨(dú)的、獨(dú)自一人的，

描寫一種客觀事實(shí)。有時(shí)放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面，其強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，意思是僅僅只有，相當(dāng)于only。它也可以用作副詞，位于謂語(yǔ)之后，意思是單獨(dú)地，相當(dāng)于byoneself.lonely：只用作形容詞，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)通常指人，意思是孤獨(dú)的、寂寞的，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀孤獨(dú)的感情色彩，表似渴望有伴侶

lonely可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，修飾人事物或地點(diǎn)；而alone不能作定語(yǔ)。22.

begood(bad)for：對(duì)…有好處（壞處）

begood(bad)to

：待…好（不好）to后面一般接表示人的代詞或名詞。23.

feellike

：想要做某事，句型是feellikedoingsomething。

wouldlike：想要做某事，句型是wouldliketodosomething。24.

later：放在一段時(shí)間的后面

after：放在一段時(shí)間的前面25.

quite:quitea+adj+n

very:avery+adj+n26.

muchtoo：修飾形容詞或副詞。toomuch：修飾不可數(shù)名詞。toomany：修飾可數(shù)名詞。27.

arrive：后面接小地點(diǎn)時(shí)用at，接大地點(diǎn)用in，接副詞時(shí)不用介詞。getto：加地點(diǎn)名詞，接副詞時(shí)to省略。reach：直接加地點(diǎn)名詞。28.

all

：位于冠詞、物主代詞或別的限定詞之前。

whole：位于冠詞、物主代詞或別的限定詞之后。29.

another：放在數(shù)詞之前。

more

：放在數(shù)詞之后。30.

few

：修飾可數(shù)名詞表示沒(méi)有。afew：修飾可數(shù)名詞表示有幾個(gè)。little

：修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示沒(méi)有。alittle：修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示有點(diǎn)。31.

turnon

：打開電器。turnoff

：關(guān)上電器。turndown

：把電器的聲音調(diào)小。turnup

：把電器的聲音調(diào)大。geton

：上車。

getoff

：下車。32.

inbed

：因病臥床，指躺在床上。inhospital

：因病住院。onthebed

：指東西放在床上。inthehospital：在醫(yī)院工作。33.

sports:修飾名詞，不論單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，sports均用復(fù)數(shù)。

例如：asportsmeeting;sportsshoes;asportscar.34.

復(fù)合詞：a)

數(shù)詞+名詞b)

數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞

不管前面的數(shù)字是多少，名詞均用單數(shù)。這些復(fù)合詞只能修飾名詞，不能單獨(dú)使用。例如：the500-metrerace;an800-wordletter;a10-year-oldboy;我們可以說(shuō)Thebridgeis200meterslong?；蛘哒f(shuō)Thisisa200-meter-longbridge.但我們不能說(shuō)Thisisa200-meters-longbridge.Thebridgeis200-meter-long.在最高級(jí)中，of指人或事物的范圍;in指地方或單位。如ofallthestudents;inherclass35.

badluck;goodluckhavegood(bad)luckindoingsomethinggood(bad)luckwithsomethinggood(bad)lucktosomebody36.

infront(of);inthefront(of)infrontof反義詞是behind,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是外部的前方；inthefrontof反義詞是atthebackof，指在某一范圍以內(nèi)的前方。37.

class

family,team強(qiáng)調(diào)集體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。38.

attheendof在…結(jié)束時(shí)；在…盡頭；即可已指時(shí)間，也可以指地點(diǎn)。39.

both,all

在句中的位置和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，應(yīng)放在be動(dòng)詞的后面，助動(dòng)詞will,shall,和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,can等的后面，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的前面。注意：在簡(jiǎn)略回答以及感嘆句中，它們不能位于句尾，要放在be，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之前。例如：Areyouparentsworkers?

Yes,theybothare.

Howbusytheyallare!40.

enough的用法：

1）

修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，必須位于其后，不能位于其前；

2）

修飾名詞時(shí)，一般位于其前，也可位于其后。

例如：Thequestioniseasyenough.

Wehaveenoughticketsforallofyou.41.

形容詞修飾不定代詞（something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody…）時(shí)，應(yīng)放在后面。例如：nothingserious;somethingwrong;anyoneelse等42.

nearly,almost幾乎1）

許多時(shí)候通用而沒(méi)多大區(qū)別，通常almost要比nearly在程度上更為接近。2）

almost可以修飾all,every,never,no,nothing,nobody,none這些表示全肯定或全否定的詞，而nearly不能。43.

it,one,that均可代替上文提到的某物。it：代替上文提到的同一個(gè)東西；one：代替上文提到的同樣的東西；that：代替與上文提到的在性質(zhì)上相同的東西，一般為不可數(shù)名詞。如：Iboughtapenyesterday,butIlostitthismorning.

Ihavelostmypen,soIhavetobuyanewone.

TheweatherinBeijingisquitedifferentfromthatinShanghai.44.

在類似interest,excite,surprise,please,disappoint這類表示情感的詞后面加ed，表示人感到…；在詞后加ing，表示（事物或人）另人感到…。前者總是指人，后者大多指事物，有時(shí)也指人。如：WefindJackan---------------------(interest)man.Shewas-------------------(please)atthe----------------------(please)Ifoundthestoryreally-----------------------(interest)45.

介詞after有模仿，仿照之意，可用于動(dòng)詞之后，也可用于名詞之后。Pleasereadafterme.Makeasmanysentenceasyoucanafterthemodel.That’sagrammarbookafterBobbin.46.

sell,buy可與介詞短語(yǔ)for連用，for后面接價(jià)錢或消費(fèi)數(shù)額。我們可以說(shuō)sellsomethingtosomebody

,sellsomebodysomething或者說(shuō)buysomethingforsomebody，buysomebodysomething另外sellout有銷售一空的意思。47.

carry

運(yùn)載、搬運(yùn)、提、扛、抱、抬。carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，強(qiáng)調(diào)負(fù)重。而take，bring不具有負(fù)重含義。強(qiáng)調(diào)方向48.

cause引起，可加名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。可構(gòu)成causesomebodytodosomething句型，意思是使某人做某事。49.

too,very,so+adj表程度，但too含有過(guò)分而不恰當(dāng)之意50.

crowd聚集，形容詞是crowded，形容詞的反義詞是uncrowded.crowdroundsomebody圍在某人的周圍。becrowdedwith=befullof51.

as…asonecan=as…aspossible盡可能的，中間加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。52.

hurryoff=gooffinahurry通常構(gòu)成句型hurryofftodosomething53.

happen主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常是物，不能是人。經(jīng)常構(gòu)成句型somethinghappentosomebody.54.

cometooneself意思是蘇醒恢復(fù)知覺。55.

rob用做及物動(dòng)詞，做搶劫剝奪解.rob的賓語(yǔ)不能是被搶的東西，而是被搶的人或場(chǎng)所。通常說(shuō)：robsomebodyofsomething或robaplace(abank,ahouse,ashop)ofsomething不能說(shuō)robsomething而steal

表示偷，其賓語(yǔ)是被偷的東西，而不是人或場(chǎng)所。通常說(shuō)stealsomethingfromsomebody/place

1）

setoff出發(fā)，也可說(shuō)成startoff,setoffforaplace表示離開去某地。等同于leaveforaplace

2）

loseone’slife=die.56.

英語(yǔ)中詞的種類是非常重要的，有些詞類是可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換的。例如，形容詞變副詞；通常是在詞尾加ly。輔音加y結(jié)尾的要把y變i加ly.也有一些特殊情況例如：good---well;lucky---luckily;careful-----carefully

;

polite----politely

;

true-----truly

;

terrible----terribly形容詞用在名詞前，修飾限定這個(gè)名詞；形容詞用在系動(dòng)詞后面，表狀態(tài)；副詞放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后；

例如：aluckyman

,

aninterestingboy,

turngreen

,

lookyoung

,

isgood

,

smellgood

,

laughhappily

,

runslowly初中英語(yǔ)常見同義詞辨析(

I)

maybe,

probably

,

perhaps

“可能,也許,

或許”

,

表示說(shuō)話人的猜測(cè).

maybe

一般用于句首或句末.

perhaps

常用于句首或句中.

probably

一般用于句中,

不用于句首.

但,

probably比perhaps

或maybe

表達(dá)的可能性大一些.

eg:

Maybe/

Perhaps

I’m

wrong

.

或許我錯(cuò)了.

(

也可能沒(méi)錯(cuò))

I’m

probably

wrong

.

我很有可能錯(cuò)了.

I’m

perhaps

wrong.

我也許錯(cuò)了.

(

也可能沒(méi)錯(cuò))

另外,

表示

“

可能,

也許”

還可以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may

表達(dá).

eg:

Maybe

he

is

right.

=

He

may

be

right.

他也許是對(duì)的.

Perhaps

they’ll

go

on

a

picnic

this

Sunday.

=

They

may

go

on

a

picnic

this

Sunday.

他們也許這個(gè)周日去野餐.

few

,

a

few

,

little

,

a

little

1.

few

,

a

few

修飾可數(shù)名詞.

little

,

a

little

修飾不可數(shù)名詞.

Eg:

There

are

a

few

mistakes

in

my

composition.

我的作文里有幾處錯(cuò)誤.

There

is

little

water

in

the

glass.

杯子里幾乎沒(méi)有水了.

2.

few

和little

的含義是否定的.表示

“

很少”

或

“

幾乎沒(méi)有”

.

a

few

和

a

little

的含義是

肯定的.

表示

“

少數(shù)幾個(gè)”

或

“

有一點(diǎn)兒”．

eg:

I’m

new

here,

so

I

know

few

friends.

我是新來(lái)的,

所以朋友很少.

We’ve

just

borrowed

a

few

books

about

Olympic

Games

.

我們剛剛借了幾本關(guān)于奧運(yùn)會(huì)的書.

There’s

little

time

to

think

about

it.

沒(méi)有時(shí)間考慮了.

I

only

had

a

little

porridge

for

lunch

today.

我中午只喝了一點(diǎn)兒粥.

3.

當(dāng)有only

,

quite

等詞時(shí),

只能用

a

few

和a

little

.

We

can

see

only

a

few

trees

there.

我在那兒只能看見幾棵樹.

There

is

only

a

little

bread

in

the

fridge.

冰箱里只有一點(diǎn)兒面包了.

注:

quite

a

few

=

many

表示數(shù)量很多.

Eg:

I

made

quite

a

few

friends

when

I

was

in

Beijing

.

我在北京時(shí),

交了許多朋友.

each

,

every

都是

“

每個(gè)”

的意思,

后面接可數(shù)名詞.

可以通用,

但二者又有不同.

1.

each

強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,

every著重強(qiáng)調(diào)整體.

Eg:

Each

student

has

got

a

new

dictionary.

每個(gè)學(xué)生各有一本新詞典.

Every

student

has

got

a

new

dictionary.

每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本新詞典.

(

在這里

every

student

相當(dāng)于all

the

students)

2.

each

用于指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物.

every

用于指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物.

There

some

trees

on

each

side

of

the

street.

街道的每一側(cè)都有一些樹.

(

each

side

=

both

sides,

each

在本句中不能用every

代替)

You

look

more

beautiful

each/

every

time

I

see

you.

我每次看到你,

你都看起來(lái)更漂亮.

3.

each

還可以作代詞,

each

of

+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞,

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù).

但every

不能這樣用.

every

是形容詞.

Each

of

the

students

has

got

a

new

book.

=Every

one

of

the

students

has

got

a

new

book.

每個(gè)學(xué)生各有一本新書.

Each

of

them

likes

light

music

.

=

Every

one

of

them

likes

light

music.

他們每個(gè)人都喜歡輕音樂(lè).

注:

以上兩句還可以這樣表達(dá):

The

students

each

have

got

a

new

book

.

或

The

students

have

got

a

new

book

each

.

They

each

like

light

music.

或

They

like

light

music

each.

when

,

while

和as

1.

when

可以表示一段時(shí)間,

從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,

此時(shí)可用while

替換.

When/

While

they

were

swimming

in

the

river

,

it

suddenly

began

to

rain

.

當(dāng)他們?cè)诤永镉斡緯r(shí),

天突然下雨了.

When

還可以指一個(gè)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),

另一個(gè)動(dòng)作或情況也在發(fā)生或存在.

從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞.

這時(shí),

不能用while

替換.

但可以用as

.

Mother

was

watering

the

garden

when

/

as

came

home

yesterday.

昨天,

我回家時(shí),

媽媽在花園澆花兒

.

2.

while

表示一段時(shí)間或一段過(guò)程.

相當(dāng)于during

the

time

強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生.

從句

的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞.

這時(shí)可以用when

或as

替換.

While

we

were

talking

happily

Lily

hurried

in

.

正當(dāng)我們高興地交談時(shí),

莉莉匆匆忙忙地進(jìn)來(lái)了.

注:

while

還可以表示兩個(gè)同類的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行對(duì)比.

意思是

“而”

.

Mr.

King

likes

country

life

while

Mrs.

King

likes

city

life.

金先生喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活,

而金夫人喜歡城市生活.

2.

as

強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,

尤其指短時(shí)間的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生.

As

I

getting

on

the

bus

,

I

heard

some

one

calling

my

name.

正當(dāng)我要上車時(shí),

聽見有人在叫我的名字.

初中英語(yǔ)常見同義詞辨析(II)

between,

among

between

和among

都是介詞,

between

通常用于兩者,

意思是

“

在……兩者之間”

,

among

則用于三者或三者以上,

意思是

“

在……當(dāng)中”

.

但是表達(dá)三者或三者以上的人或事物中兩兩之間的關(guān)系時(shí),

用between.

Eg:

I

always

sit

between

Mum

and

Dad

when

we

take

photos.

拍照時(shí),

我總是坐在爸爸和媽媽中間.

They

found

a

pear

among

the

apples.

他們?cè)谀切┨O果中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)梨.

There’re

many

flowers

between

the

trees

.

這些樹之間有許多花.

(

每?jī)煽脴渲g都有花.

)

among

,

in

the

middle

of

among的意思是

“

在……當(dāng)中”

,

并不是表示在正中間,

有時(shí)有one

of…

的意思.

而in

the

middle

of

的意思是

“

在……的中間”

,

不偏不倚.

Eg:

The

teacher

is

sitting

among

his

students.

老師正坐在他的學(xué)生之間.

(

不一定坐在中間,

但是與學(xué)生們?cè)谝黄?

Shanghai

is

among

the

largest

cities

in

the

world

.

上海在世界上最大城市之列.

(

among

=

one

of

)

Tom

is

sitting

in

the

middle

of

the

bus

.

湯姆坐在汽車中間.

Such

,

so

1.

such

是形容詞,

與其它形容詞一起作單數(shù)名詞的定語(yǔ)時(shí),

用法為:

such

+a

/an

+形容詞+

單數(shù)名詞,

而so

是副詞,

修飾形容詞或副詞,

用法為:

so

+形容詞+a

/

an

+單數(shù)名詞

eg:

It’s

such

an

important

match

that

I

can’t

miss

it.

It’s

so

important

a

match

that

I

can’t

miss

it.

這場(chǎng)比賽如此重要,

我不能錯(cuò)過(guò).

2.

such

與其他形容詞一起作復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞的定語(yǔ)時(shí),

用法為:

such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞／不可數(shù)名詞,

但是如果形容詞是few

,

little

,

many

,

much

時(shí),

則要用so

.

即,

so

few/

many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.

So

little

/

much

+不可數(shù)名詞.

Eg:

Can

you

believe

that

in

such

rich

countries

there

should

be

so

many

poor

people

?

你相信在如此富裕的國(guó)家有這么多貧窮的人嗎?

So

much

of

water

is

wasted

in

the

world

every

day.

世界上每天有這么多水被浪費(fèi)掉.

Nobody

,

no

one

,

none

1.

nobody

和no

one

都指人,

意思

“

沒(méi)有人”

,

作主語(yǔ)時(shí),

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.

而且后面不能跟of

短語(yǔ),

常用來(lái)回答

who

和不確定的問(wèn)題.

Eg:

Luckily,

nobody/

no

one

was

hurt

in

that

accident

.

幸運(yùn)的是,

在那次事故中沒(méi)有人受傷.

Who

went

to

the

net

bar

this

week

?

Nobody/

No

one.

這周誰(shuí)去網(wǎng)吧了?

沒(méi)有人去.

2.

none既可以指人,

也可以指物,

意思

“沒(méi)有人,

沒(méi)有東西”

等,

后面可以跟of

短語(yǔ),

作主語(yǔ)時(shí),

如果指代的是可是名詞,

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)都可以.

如果它指代的是不可數(shù)名詞,

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.

常用來(lái)回答how

many

/

how

much

以及有特定范圍的問(wèn)題.

Eg:

How

many

of

the

women

are

nurses

?

None

(of

them

is

/

are.)

這些女士中有多少是護(hù)士?

一個(gè)也沒(méi)有

Which

of

the

boys

plays

football

well

?

None

of

them

does.

這些男孩中哪一個(gè)足球踢的好?

一個(gè)也沒(méi)有

How

much

oil

is

left

in

the

bottle

?

None

(

of

it

is

left).

瓶子里還剩多少油

?

一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)剩.

㊣1.

clothes,

cloth,

clothing

clothes

統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)，cloth

指布，為不可數(shù)名詞

clothing

服裝的總稱，

指一件衣服用

a

piece

of,

an

article

of

2.

incident,

accident

incident

指小事件,

accident

指不幸的事故

He

was

killed

in

the

accident.

3.

amount,

number

amount

后接不可數(shù)名詞，number

后接可數(shù)名詞

a

number

of

students

4.

family,

house,

home

home

家，包括住處和家人，house

房子，住宅，family

家庭成員。My

family

is

a

happy

one.

5.

sound,

voice,

noise

sound

自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice

人的嗓音，noise

噪音

I

hate

the

loud

noise

outside.

6.

photo,

picture,

drawing

photo

用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片，picture

可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing

畫的畫

Let's

go

and

see

a

good

picture.

7.

vocabulary,

word

vocabulary

詞匯，一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量，word

具體的單詞

He

has

a

large

vocabulary.

8.

population,

people

population

人口，人數(shù)，people

具體的人

China

has

a

large

population.

9.

weather,

climate

weather

一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況，climate

長(zhǎng)期的氣候狀況

The

climate

here

is

not

good

for

you.

10.

road,

street,

path,

way

road

具體的公路，馬路，street

街道，path

小路，小徑，way

道路，途徑

take

this

road;

in

the

street,

Show

me

the

way

to

the

museum.

11.

course,

subject

course

課程（可包括多門科目），subject

科目（具體的學(xué)科）a

summer

course

12.

custom,

habit

custom

傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接

to

do，habit

生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接

of

doing.

I've

got

the

habit

of

drinking

a

lot.

13.

cause,

reason

cause

指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接

of

sth./doing

sth，reason

用來(lái)解釋某種現(xiàn)象或

結(jié)果的理由，后接

for

sth./doing

sth.

the

reason

for

being

late

14.

exercise,

exercises,

practice

exercise

運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉（不可數(shù)），exercises

練習(xí)（可數(shù)），practice（反復(fù)做的）練習(xí)。

Practice

makes

perfect.

15.

class,

lesson

作“課”解時(shí)，兩者可以替換。指課文用

lesson.

指班級(jí)或全體學(xué)生用

class.

Lesson

6;

Class

5

16.

speech,

talk,

lecture

speech

指在公共場(chǎng)所所做的經(jīng)過(guò)準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說(shuō)，talk

日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，lecture

學(xué)術(shù)性的演講，講課

a

series

of

lecture

on

…

17.

officer,

official

officer

部隊(duì)的軍官，official

政府官員

an

army

officer

18.

work,

job

二者均指工作。work

不可數(shù)，job

可數(shù)

a

good

job。

19.

couple,

pair

couple

主要指人或動(dòng)物，pair

多指由兩部分組成的東西

a

pair

of

trousers

20.

country,

nation,

state,

land

country

側(cè)重指版圖，疆域，nation

指人民，國(guó)民，民族，state

側(cè)重指政府，政體，land

國(guó)土，

國(guó)家

The

whole

nation

was

sad

at

the

news.

21.

cook,

cooker

cook

廚師，cooker

廚具

He

is

a

good

cook.

22.

damage,

damages

damage

不可數(shù)名詞，損害，損失;

damages

復(fù)數(shù)形式，賠償金

$900

damages

23.

police,

policeman

police

警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，policeman

指某個(gè)具體的警察

The

police

are

questioning

everyone

in

the

house.

24.

problem,

question

problem

常和困難連系，前面的動(dòng)詞常為

think

about,

solve,

raise，question

常和疑問(wèn)連系，

多和ask,

answer

連用。

25.

man,

a

man

man

人類，a

man

一個(gè)男人

Man

will

conquer

nature.

26.

chick,

chicken

二者均可指小雞，chicken

還可以當(dāng)雞肉

The

chicken

is

delicious.

27.

telegram,

telegraph

當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí)，telegram

指具體的，telegraph

指抽象的

a

telegram,

by

telegraph

28.

trip,

journey,

travel,

voyage

travel

是最常用的，trip

指短期的旅途，journey

指稍長(zhǎng)的旅途，voyage

指海上航行

a

three-day

trip

29.

sport,

game

sport

多指戶外的游戲或娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等；game

指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套

規(guī)則

His

favorite

sport

is

swimming.

30.

price,

prize

price

價(jià)格，prize

獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金

win

the

first

prize

The

price

is

high/low.

31.

a

number

of,

the

number

of

a

number

of

許多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the

number

of

…

的數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The

number

of

students

is

increasing.

32.

in

front

of,

in

the

front

of

in

front

of

范圍外的前面，in

the

front

of

范圍內(nèi)的前面

In

the

front

of

the

room

sits

a

boy.

33.

of

the

day,

of

a

day

of

the

day

每一天的，當(dāng)時(shí)的，當(dāng)代的，of

a

day

暫時(shí)的，不長(zhǎng)久的

a

famous

scientist

of

the

day

34.

three

of

us,

the

three

of

us

three

of

us

我們（不止三個(gè)）中的三個(gè)，the

three

of

us

我們?nèi)齻€(gè)（就三個(gè)人）The

three

of

us

---

Tom,

Jack

and

I

went

to

the

cinema.

35.

by

bus,

on

the

bus

by

bus

表手段，方式，不用冠詞，on

the

bus

表范圍

They

went

there

by

bus.

36.

for

a

moment,

for

the

moment

for

a

moment

片刻，一會(huì)兒，for

the

moment

暫時(shí)，一時(shí)

Thinking

for

a

moment,

he

agreed.

37.

next

year,

the

next

year

next

year

明年，將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，the

next

year

第二年，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

He

said

he

would

go

abroad

the

next

year.

38.

more

than

a

year,

more

than

one

year

more

than

a

year

一年多，more

than

one

year

超過(guò)一年（兩年或三年等）

39.

take

advice,

take

the(one's)

advice

take

advice

征求意見，take

the

advice

接受忠告

He

refused

to

take

the

advice

and

failed

again.

40.

take

air,

take

the

air

take

air

傳播，走漏，take

the

air

到戶外去，散步

We

take

the

air

every

day.

41.

in

a

word,

in

words

in

a

word

總之，一句話，

in

words

口頭上

In

a

word,

you

are

right.

42.

in

place

of,

in

the

place

of

in

place

of

代替，in

the

place

of

在…地方

A

new

building

is

built

in

the

place

of

the

old

one.

43.

in

secret,

in

the

secret

in

secret

秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語(yǔ)；in

the

secret

知道內(nèi)情，知道秘密，

一般用作表語(yǔ)

My

mother

was

in

the

secret

from

the

beginning.

44.

a

girl,

one

girl

a

girl

可泛指所有女孩,

one

girl

一個(gè)女孩

Can

one

girl

carry

such

a

big

box?

45.

take

a

chair,

take

the

chair

take

a

chair

相當(dāng)于

sit

down

坐下，take

the

chair

開始開會(huì)

46.

go

to

sea,

by

sea,

by

the

sea

50.

in

charge

of,

in

the

charge

of

in

charge

of

管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料，

in

the

charge

of

由……照料

He

is

in

charge

of

the

matter.

The

matter

is

in

the

charge

of

her.

51.

in

class,

in

the

class

in

class

在課上，in

the

class

在班級(jí)里

He

is

the

best

student

in

the

class.

52.

on

fire,

on

the

fire

on

fire

著火,

on

the

fire

在火上

Put

the

food

on

the

fire.

The

house

is

on

fire.

53.

out

of

question,

out

of

the

question

out

of

question

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的，out

of

the

question

不可能的

54.

a

second,

the

second

a

second

又一，再一，the

second

第……

He

won

the

second

prize.

55.

by

day,

by

the

day

by

day

白天，by

the

day

按天計(jì)算

The

workers

are

paid

by

the

day.

56.

the

people,

a

people

the

people

指人，a

people

指民族

The

Chinese

is

a

peace-loving

people.

57.

it,

one

it

同一物體，one

同類不同一

I

lost

my

pen.

I

have

to

buy

a

new

one.

58.

that,

this

that

指代上文所提到的，this

導(dǎo)出下文所要說(shuō)的

I

was

ill.

That's

why

….

59.

none,

nothing,

no

one

none

強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少，nothing,

no

one

強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒(méi)有，nothing

指物，no

one

指人

---

How

many

…/

How

much

…?

---

None.

60.

anyone,

any

one

anyone

指人，不能接

of，any

one

指人物均可，可接

of

any

one

of

you

61.

who,

what

who

指姓名或關(guān)系，what

指職業(yè)或地位

What

is

your

dad?

He

is

a

teacher.

62.

what,

which

what

的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無(wú)限制的，which

在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇

Which

do

you

prefer,

bananas

or

apples?

63.

other,

another

other

后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，another

后接名詞單數(shù)

other

students,

another

student

64.

not

a

little,

not

a

bit

not

a

little

非常，not

a

bit

一點(diǎn)也不

I'm

not

a

bit

tired.

我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。

65.

many,

much,

a

lot

of

many

和可數(shù)名詞連用，much

和不可數(shù)名詞連用，a

lot

of

可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句

I

haven't

many

books.

66.

much

more

…

than,

many

more

…

than

much

more

…

than

后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，many

more

…

than

后接可數(shù)名詞

many

more

people,

much

more

water,

much

more

beautiful

67.

no,

not

no

=

not

a/any

no

friend

=

not

a/any

friend

no

water

=

not

any

water

68.

no

more

than,

not

more

than

no

more

than

相當(dāng)于

only，僅僅，只有，not

more

than

至多，不超過(guò)

69.

majority,

most

majority

只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，most

可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可

the

majority

of

people

70.

by

oneself,

for

oneself,

to

oneself,

of

oneself

by

oneself

單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的，for

oneself

為自己，to

oneself

供自己用的，of

oneself

自行的，

自動(dòng)的

The

door

opened

of

itself.

71.

at

all,

after

all

at

all

根本，全然,

after

all

到底，畢竟

After

all

he

is

a

child.

72.

tall,

high

tall

常指人或動(dòng)物，high

常指物體

He

is

tall.

73.

fast,

quickly

fast

側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn)，quickly

側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快

run

fast,

answer

the

question

quickly

74.

high,

highly

high

具體的高，highly

抽象的高，高度的

think

highly

of

75.

healthy,

healthful

healthy

健康的，健壯的，healthful

有益于健康的

healthful

exercise

76.

sleeping,

asleep,

sleepy

sleeping

正在睡覺，asleep

睡著，熟睡，只能做表語(yǔ)，sleepy

困的，有睡意的

a

sleeping

baby

The

baby

is

asleep.

I'm

sleepy.

77.

gold,

golden

gold

指真金制品，golden

指金色的，但金魚用

gold

fish,

a

gold

ring

78.

most,

mostly

most

用于表感受的肯定句中，相當(dāng)于

very，當(dāng)大部分，大多數(shù)解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞，

mostly

大部分，是副詞

most

people,

the

people

are

mostly

…

79.

just,

very

just

表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，very

表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞，用作定語(yǔ)

the

very

man,

just

the

man

80.

wide,

broad

wide

側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離，broad

側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broad

shoulders

81.

real,

true

real

真的，真實(shí)的，指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的，true

真的，真正的，指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合

real

gold,

a

true

story

82.

respectful,

respectable

respectful

尊敬，有禮貌，respectable

可敬的，值得尊敬的

be

respectful

to

the

aged

83.

outwards,

outward

二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，outward

還可用作形容詞

an

outward

voyage

84.

pleasant,

pleased,

pleasing

pleasant

常用作定語(yǔ)，pleased,

pleasing

常用作表語(yǔ)，pleased

主語(yǔ)常為人，

pleasing

主語(yǔ)常為物

a

pleasant

trip

The

trip

is

pleasing.

85.

understanding,

understandable

understanding

明白事理的，能體諒的，understandable

可理解的，能夠懂的

an

understanding

girl,

an

understandable

mistake

86.

close,

closely

close

接近，靠近，closely

緊緊地，緊密地

closely

connected,

stand

close

87.

ill,

sick

ill

做表語(yǔ)，sick

定，表均可

a

sick

boy

88.

good,

well

good

形容詞，well

副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞

He

is

well

again.

89.

quiet,

silent,

still

quiet

安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，silent

不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動(dòng)，still

完全不動(dòng)，完全無(wú)聲響

He

stand

there

still.

他站在那兒，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，也不說(shuō)話。

90.

hard,

hardly

hard

努力，hardly

幾乎不

work

hard,

I

can

hardly

believe

it.

91.

able,

capable

able

與不定式

to

do

連用，capable

與

of

連用

He

is

capable

of

doing

…

92.

almost,

nearly

二者均為“幾乎,差不多”和否定詞連用用

almost

almost

nobody

93.

late,

lately

late

遲，晚，lately

最近，近來(lái)

I

haven't

seen

him

lately.

94.

living,

alive,

live,

lively

living,

alive,

live

均為活著的，living

定表均可，alive

定表均可，定語(yǔ)后置，live

只能做

定語(yǔ)，lively

意為活波的

all

the

living

people

=

all

the

people

alive

95.

excited,

exciting

excited

使人興奮的，exciting

令人興奮的

I'm

excited.

The

news

is

exciting.

96.

deep,

deeply

deep

具體的深，deeply

抽象的深，深深地

deeply

moved,

dig

deep

97.

aloud,

loud

aloud

出聲地，loud

大聲地

read

aloud

(出聲地讀)

98.

worth,

worthy

二者均為值得，worth

后接

doing，worthy

后接

to

be

done126.

care

about,

care

for

care

about

關(guān)心，計(jì)較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care

for

關(guān)心，照料，喜歡，愿意

He

doesn't

care

about

his

clothes.

I

don't

care

for

movies.

127.

catch

a

cold,

have

a

cold

catch

a

cold

不能和表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用，而

have

a

cold

可以

She

has

had

a

cold

for

a

week.

128.

change

for,

change

into

change

for

調(diào)換成，change

into

變成

Change

the

shirt

for

a

bigger

one.

Water

changes

into

ice.

129.

continue,

last

二者均為持續(xù)，continue

主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)均可，last

只能用主動(dòng)

The

war

continued/lasted

five

years.

The

story

is

to

be

continued.

130.

feed,

raise

feed

喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng)

(to

give

food

to)，raise

飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育

(cause

to

grow,

bring

up

children)

raise

the

family

131.

go

for

a

doctor,

go

to

a

doctor

go

for

a

doctor

去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生，go

to

a

doctor

去看病

132.

notice,

observe,

catch

sight

of

notice

注意到，observe

觀察，仔細(xì)地看，catch

sight

of

突然看到

observe

the

stars

133.

insist

on,

stick

to

insist

on

堅(jiān)持要求，后常接

doing,

stick

to

堅(jiān)持,

后常接

sth.,

stick

to

the

plan

134.

look,

seem,

appear

look

指從外表上看，seem

指內(nèi)心的判斷，appear

指給人以表面的印象

appear

wise,

look

like

his

father

135.

gather,

collect

gather

把分散的東西集中到一起，collect

指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集

collect

stamps

136.

mean

to

do,

mean

doing

mean

to

do

打算，想要做某事，mean

doing

意思是，意味著

By

this

I

mean

giving

the

students

more

practice.

137.

die

from,

die

of

die

from

表示死于（槍）傷，虛弱，過(guò)度勞累，飲食過(guò)度等，die

of

表示死于疾病，饑餓，

寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素

die

of

hunger

and

cold

138.

pay

for,

pay

back,

pay

off

pay

for

為…付錢，pay

back

還錢，但不一定還清，pay

off

還清

pay

for

the

book,

pay

off

the

debt

139.

divide,

separate

divide

把一個(gè)整體分成幾部分，separate

把連在一起的個(gè)體分開

divide

the

apple,

separate

the

houses

140.

arrive,

get,

reach

arrive

不及物動(dòng)詞，后接

in

(大地點(diǎn))，at(小地點(diǎn))，get

不及物動(dòng)詞后接

to，reach

及物動(dòng)詞

arrive

in

Beijing,

get

to

Beijing,

reach

Beijing

141.

grow,

plant

grow

使某種植物在某地生長(zhǎng)著或使其發(fā)展下去，plant

移植，移栽已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)成秧苗的植物

plant

the

trees,

trees

are

growing

142.

manage,

try

manage

to

do

設(shè)法做成了某事，try

to

do

盡力去做某事但不一定成功

He

tried

to

pass

the

exam,

but

he

failed.

143.

choose,

select

choose

憑個(gè)人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇，select

有目的地仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地選擇

choose

the

best

answer

144.

build,

put

up,

set

up,

found

build

一般用語(yǔ)，建成，put

up

臨時(shí)搭建，set

up

建成（內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全），

found

國(guó)家或組織的建成

put

up

a

tent,

set

up

a

school

145.

be

familiar

to,

be

familiar

with

be

familiar

to

某物對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的，be

familiar

with

某人熟悉某物

The

book

is

familiar

to

me.

I'm

familiar

with

the

book.

146.

agree

with,

agree

to,

agree

on

agree

with

同意某人，agree

to

同意某事，agree

on

在……上達(dá)成一致意見，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)

agree

with