高一上定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案

高一上定語(yǔ)從句第一課時(shí)學(xué)案（張紹春）一．定語(yǔ)從句概述。先行詞：關(guān)系代詞：定語(yǔ)從句的位置：定語(yǔ)從句的含義和作用：二．關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)。Stepone文中句子重現(xiàn)。ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongsandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead..Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Steptwo歸納總結(jié)一：從以上例句的形式我們可以看出，例1，2是定語(yǔ)從句；例3—7是定語(yǔ)從句。which/who/that/whosehome在從句中作。定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)由決定。歸納總結(jié)二：認(rèn)真分析文中出現(xiàn)的定語(yǔ)從句，歸納關(guān)系代詞的作用修飾功能在從句中的作用修飾人修飾物修飾人或物主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)三．模仿例句3-7翻譯下列句子。我昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)丟失了。喜歡游泳的那個(gè)男孩是我的朋友。我們住在門(mén)開(kāi)著的那個(gè)房間。四．定語(yǔ)從句實(shí)踐：playagame.Getintogroupsandmakeupsentencesaccordingtotheexample.Takingturnstocompletethesentenceswiththat,which,whoorwhose.EXAPLE:theboyboughtabicycle.S1:theboyboughtabicyclethat/whichwasstolenfromhisneighbour.S2:theboywho/thatiswearingaredjacketboughtabicycle.S3:theboywhoseglasseswerebrokenboughtabicycle.Repeatthegameusingthesentences:TheboylikesthestorybookThemanboughtthehouse.Thesurvivorsweredugoutbythesoldiers.Thenationwasshockedatthenews.備注：Who/whom/that,which/that,whose+n在從句中做賓語(yǔ)。Theboywhom/who/thatwejustsawinthelibraryisthemonitorofClassThree.Marydidn’tfindthebookwhich/thatshelostyesterday.Theoldmanwho/whom/thatIoftentakecareofis65yearsold.HeisthemanwhoseumbrellaIborrowedyesterday.ThetreewhoseleavesIpickedisverytall.歸納總結(jié):Who/whom/that,which/that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)也可以省略。還原到從句中。只能使用that的情況。Newtonwasoneofthegreatestscientiststhateverlived.Heisthefirstmanthatcomestotheparty.Shecouldn’tunderstandanything(that)theyhadtoldher.Weareimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwevisitedthere.高一上定語(yǔ)從句第一課時(shí)練習(xí)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空Heprefersthevegetables_____arefromhisparents’farm.You’dbetternotdrinkwater_____hasnotbeenboiled.3.Youhavedoneall_____yourparentswantedyoutodo.4.Pleaseletmeknowwhetherthereisanything_____Icandoforyou.5.Attheparty,theoldschoolfriendstalkedofthethingsandpersons_____theycouldrememberintheschool.6.Thelastfilm_____Isawin1999wasMyFatherandMyMother.7.Heistheveryperson_____we’vebeenlookingfor.8.Iwon'tmakefriendswiththose_____oftentelllies.9.Theunsmilingwoman_____Imetatthedinnerpartywasoneofmywife’sfriends.10.Themostinterestingbook____I'veeverreadistheHistoryoftheTime.用定語(yǔ)從句合并以下各句Wheatisaplant.ItisplantedinthenorthofChina.Youwenttoseeamoviewithagirllastnight.Whoisthegirl?Youlostadictionaryintheschoollibrarylastweek.Haveyoufoundit?Isawtheshortoldmaninthemeetingroomthismorning.Nowwhereishe?Thegreatmanoncelivedinthathouse.Canyoushowmearoundthehouse?Aladycametoourshoptobuyawoolendress.Areyouthelady?Youoftentalkofyourprofessor.Isthatoldmantheprofessor?Iwillalwaysrememberthedays.Ispentthosedaysinthatbeautifulcitywithmyhusband.Thatisthecollege.Ivisitedthatcollegetwomonthsago.SanFranciscoisafamouscity.Greatearthquakeoftenshookthatcity.單句改錯(cuò)(每句一錯(cuò))Isthisthehorsethatyouspentfivehoursdrawingityesterday? _____Thosewhohasfinishedtheexercisesmayleavetheclassroomnow. _____Childreneatalotofsweetsorchocolateoftenhavebadteeth. _____MrGreenisalwaysworkinghardshouldgetarise. _____Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentsthathavebeenabroad. _____6.Icareaboutnothingwhichisgoingonthere. _____IV.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和關(guān)系代詞填空1.Thisisthehouse_________Iwasbornonarainyevening.2.Isthegirlyourfriend_________youshookhandsjustnow?3．Theyoungshouldneverforgettheday_______theCommunistPartyofChinawasfounded.4.Thepen_________Iwrotetheletterjustnowisgone.5.Thereisaverybigtreeinthevillage________thevillagersoftenhavemeetingsinsummer.6.Ican'tfindthegoldring___________Ispent100dollars.V易錯(cuò)題辨析GroupAthey/which/who/whom/them①M(fèi)rLihasthreedaughters,noneof__________isanengineer．②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof__________isadancer．③MrLihasthreedaughters;___________aredoctors．GroupBwhich/that/as/when/①I(mǎi)tisonthemorningofMay1st_________ImetLiangWeiattheairport．②Itisthefactory_________MrWangworks．定語(yǔ)從句典型錯(cuò)誤例析1.我給他看了我上周在杭州的照片[誤]IshowedhimthephotosItooktheminHangzhoulastweek.[正]IshowedhimthephotosItookinHangzhoulastweek.[析]關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既代替先行詞，又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。例句為省略了關(guān)系代詞（that/which）的定語(yǔ)從句，that/which指代thephotos，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)took的賓語(yǔ)，故them多余，應(yīng)去掉。2.那個(gè)正在修理汽車(chē)的人是我的叔叔。[誤]Themanismendingthecarismyuncle.[正]Themanwho/thatismendingthecarismyuncle.[析]關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，只有作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)才能省略that。本句還可以譯為T(mén)hemanmendingthecarismyuncle.（-ing形式短語(yǔ)mendingthecar作theman的后置定語(yǔ)。）3.這只風(fēng)箏是你父親昨天為你扎的嗎？[誤Isthis]kiteyourfathermadeforyouyesterday?[正]Isthiskitetheone(that)yourfathermadeforyouyesterday?[析]若把this看作kite的修飾語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)thiskite為主句的主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)我們可以看出主句中缺少表語(yǔ)，即定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，所以應(yīng)該加上代詞theone。如果我們把this看作代詞，作句子的主語(yǔ)，那么kite應(yīng)該為句子的表語(yǔ)，則可以看出先行詞kite前缺少定冠詞the。故本句還可改為：Isthisthekite(that/which)yourfathermadeforyouyesterday?4.她告訴我的就這些。[誤]Thisisallwhichshetoldme.[正]Thisisall(that)shetoldme.[析]當(dāng)先行詞為all,none,one,any,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等或先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。另外，本句還可以譯為T(mén)hisiswhatshetoldme.不過(guò)此時(shí)what引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句，而不是定語(yǔ)從句。5.這是我們明天要討論的問(wèn)題。[誤]Thisistheproblemaboutthatwe’lltalktomorrow.[正]Thisistheproblemaboutwhichwe’lltalktomorrow.[正]Thisistheproblem(that/which)we’lltalkabouttomorrow.[析]“介詞+關(guān)系代詞}引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom；指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which。另外，有些固定短語(yǔ)如lookafter,listento等，一般也不能將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前。6.從這兒可以看到屋頂?shù)哪谴苯ㄖ锸擎?zhèn)里最大的超市。[誤]Thebuilding,whichroofcanbeseenhere,isthebiggestsupermarketintown.[正]Thebuilding,whoseroofcanbeseenhere,isthebiggestsupermarketintown.[析]分析句意可知，building和roof之間存在所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用whose，whose在引導(dǎo)從句定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)既可指人又可指物，通常可與ofwhich互換使用，因此本句還可以表示為：Thebuilding,theroofofwhich（ofwhichtheroof）canbeseenhere,isthebiggestsupermarketintown.7.人沒(méi)有空氣就不能生存，這是很自然的。[誤]Whichisverynatural,mancan’tlivewithoutair.[正]Mancan’tlivewithoutair,which/asisverynatural.[正]Asisverynatural,mancan’tlivewithoutair.[析]which/as都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。但which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后，而as引導(dǎo)的從句位置比較靈活，可以位于句首，句中或句末。8.他是今天早晨遲到的學(xué)生之一。[誤]Hewasoneofthestudentswhowaslatethismorning.[正]Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.[析]在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)；在“theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是one，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。如：SheistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohaseverbeentoBeijing.她是我們班唯一去過(guò)北京的學(xué)生。9.我還記得我在北京度過(guò)的日子。[誤]IstillrememberthedayswhenIspentinBeijing.[正]Istillrememberthedays(which/that)IspentinBeijing.[析]定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選擇關(guān)鍵詞是看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么樣的成分，或者說(shuō)定語(yǔ)從句中缺少什么成分。如果從句缺少主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，則引導(dǎo)詞通常為which,that,who,whom,as;如果缺少定語(yǔ)則用關(guān)系代詞whose;如果缺少狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞when,where,why.分析例句的成分可以知道，從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。若把例句變?yōu)椋篒stillrememberthedays__IenjoyedmyselfinBeijing.則定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故此時(shí)應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。10.昨晚送你回家的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？[誤]Whoisthemanwhosentyouhomelastnight?[正]Whoisthemanthatsentyouhomelastnight?[析]當(dāng)主句為含有who/which的疑問(wèn)句，關(guān)系代詞用that，而不用who或which。如:Whichisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?哪本書(shū)是你昨天買(mǎi)的？11.他們談了許多他們所知道的人和事。[誤]Theytalkedaboutalotofthingsandpersonswhat/who/whichtheyknew.[正]Theytalkedaboutalotofthingsandpersonsthattheyknew.[析]先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)應(yīng)該用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。What不可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。12.他們昨晚看了一部影片，影片講述的是關(guān)于美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的故事。[誤]Theysawafilmlastnight,thattellsabouttheAmericanCivilWar.[正]Theysawafilmlastnight,whichtellsabouttheAmericanCivilWar.[析]that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。13.我的家鄉(xiāng)已不再是十年前的樣子。[誤]Myhometownisnolongerthetownwhichitusedtobetenyearsago.[正]Myhometownisnolongerthetown(that)itusedtobetenyearsago.[析]當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞一般只能用that。另外，先行詞是therebe中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞也常用that，口語(yǔ)中這兩中情況的關(guān)系代詞that也可以省略。如：Thereisapark(that)weoftenvisitonSundays.高一上定語(yǔ)從句第二課時(shí)學(xué)案：介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句一、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)習(xí)：whom、介賓Heisthemanwho/whom/thatwegetonwellwith.Heisthemanwithwhomwegetonwell.Thisisthehousewhich/thatIlivedin.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlived.二、介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句ThesubjectinwhichI'mmostinterestedisEnglish.Wecanseethemethodbywhichthecomputerworks.Istillrememberthetimewhen(=atwhich)Ifirstbecameahighschoolstudent.TherecanbefewstreetsinLondonwhere(=atwhich/inwhich)youcan’tbuybooks.Thatisthereasonwhy（=forwhich）heisleavingsoearly.歸納一：when,where,why=.但反之則不一定。關(guān)系副詞有。當(dāng)我們選擇關(guān)系副詞時(shí)，先行詞一定是。(P91whose+n=the+n+ofwhom/which)ThisistheplacewhereIspentmychildhood.Thisistheplacewhichwevisitedlastsummer.Thereasonwhichhegaveuswashardtoaccept.Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathemissedthefirstbus.歸納二：即使先行詞相同，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇與先行詞在主句中的位置無(wú)關(guān)，而是看關(guān)系詞在擔(dān)任什么成分。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，是看定語(yǔ)從句中差還是+關(guān)系代詞。三、介詞+whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句ThepersonwithwhomItalkedwasagoodfriendofmine.ThescientistfromwhomIlearnedalotneverlostheartwhenhewasintrouble.四、介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：介詞的選擇Thisdependsonthepurposeforwhichthetaskisdone.Thespeedatwhichthemachineworksisshownonthemetre(儀表).Thesteelofwhichtheshipismadeisveryexpensive.HeistellingusastoryofLeiFeng,ofwhomeveryoneisproud.歸納：在介詞+關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，介詞的選擇有可能和有關(guān)，也有可能和定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞等有關(guān)，因此，我們要根據(jù)先行詞或從句的意義選擇使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。五、文中句子分析。P34六、playagame.P37.備注：n+ofwhich/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)1簡(jiǎn)單介詞+關(guān)系代詞知識(shí)歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只能用whom,指物時(shí)只能用which；介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定；或者以先行詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定；或者以先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用和含義而定，并且含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能拆開(kāi)，介詞仍然放在動(dòng)詞之后。高考考例：1.(2004全國(guó)卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：關(guān)系代詞which指代thejourney,定語(yǔ)從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立的句子是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故答案選A。2.(2004全國(guó)卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：本句主句部分應(yīng)是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.從句補(bǔ)全為獨(dú)立的句子是:Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案選C。3.(2004上海卷)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom解析：先行詞為someone,被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talkwith的賓語(yǔ)，介詞with可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，identify...as...意為“把……當(dāng)作……”，故答案選D?？键c(diǎn)2復(fù)雜介詞+關(guān)系代詞知識(shí)歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whom,whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜介詞有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：①Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhichwasalargegarden.②IsthereacertaintestbymeansofwhichtheNo.1willbedecided?考點(diǎn)3簡(jiǎn)單介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞知識(shí)歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whose。介詞的選擇取決于關(guān)系代詞后的名詞及整個(gè)句子的含義。高考考例：(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich解析：介詞by表示時(shí)間的意思是“到那時(shí)為止”。這句話(huà)的意思是“在辦公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那時(shí)許多人都已經(jīng)回家了”。故答案選D。Thisisthebossinwhosecompanyhiseldersisterisworking.考點(diǎn)4the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞知識(shí)歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系,口語(yǔ)中常用“whose+名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“ofwhichthe+名詞”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose解析：答案選B。本題就是一個(gè)考查the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)典型例子。這里thepriceofwhich指代thepriceofthevase,答案也可以是whoseprice?？键c(diǎn)5表示部分的詞語(yǔ)＋of＋關(guān)系代詞知識(shí)歸納：此時(shí)，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom,指事物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：不定代詞all,both,none,neither,either,some,any；數(shù)詞(含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù))；數(shù)詞+名詞；the+最高級(jí)/比較級(jí)；以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter等。高考考例：1.(2004湖北卷)Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich解析：答案為D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B選項(xiàng)缺少一個(gè)連詞。2.(2004遼寧卷)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat解析：答案為A。80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes。本題意為：這家工廠每年生產(chǎn)的50萬(wàn)雙鞋子有80%都是銷(xiāo)往國(guó)外的。練習(xí)題I.填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞答案：1．whose2.who3.as4.which5.when6.why7.where8.when9.that10.whom答案：1．whose2.who3.as4.which5.when6.why7.where8.when9.that10.whom1．Pleasepassmethenotebook____coverisyellow．2．LiHuawasoneofthegirls____havethechancetogoabroad.3．HemustbeformAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin．4．Air,___webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime．5．1949wastheyear____theNewChinawasborn．6．Idon'tknowthereason____shelooksunhappytoday．7．Thisisthevillage_____myfatherworkedthreeyearsago．8．Istillremembertheday____theoldscientisttookustothelabforthefirsttime．9．Theletter______Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommysister．10．Thewoman_____yousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.II.合并各組句子II.合并各組句子1．Thefactoryisasmallone.Thefactorystandsneartheriver．II.合并各組句子1．Thefactoryisasmallone.Thefactorystandsneartheriver．2．Haveyouansweredtheletter?Yougotthatlettertwoweeksago．3．I'llneverforgettheday.OnthatdayIjoinedtheLeague.4.Wearenotallowedtodoso．Tellmethereason.5．Theboystudentisveryyoung.Hewonthegame.6．Thetownhasbecomeafamouscity．Hegrewupinthetown．7．IspendmychildhoodinSuzhou．IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIleft．8．HeisleavingforWuhantomeethisdaughter．Hehasnotseenthegirlforyears．9．Doyouknowtheman?Hissonisafamousscientist．10．Myuncleboughtthebicyclelastweek．Thebicyclehasbeenstolen.答案：1．Thefactorywhichisasmallonestandsneartheriver．2．Haveyouansweredtheletterthatyoureceivedtwoweeksago?3．I'llneverforget