專題05 信息還原-2023-2024學(xué)年譯林版八年級英語下學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練

2023-2024學(xué)年八年級英語下學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練專題05信息還原(A)FormanyChinesefamilies,riceisanimportantpartofalmosteverymeal．Wheredoesricecomefrom?1._______Chinahadalargepercentageoftheworld’spopulation,butonlyasmallpercentageofitsfarmland,sofoodwasabigprobleminChinainthepast．Inthe1960s,itwashardtoplantricebecauseofseveralnaturaldisasters．2._______Yuantaughtfarmingatschoolatthattimeandhewasreallysadtoseethis．“3._______”hethought．Hedecidedtoworkonakindofhybridricebecauseitcanfeedmorepeople.Atthattime,otherscientistshardlybelievedhybridricehadmuchimportance．ButYuanandhisteamworkedoniteveryday．4._______Atlast,in1973,theygrewanewtypeofhybridrice．Farmerscangrowitinmanydifferentkindsoffarmlandandeveninbadweather.5.________Peoplewon’thavetostayhungryanymore.YuansolvedthefoodprobleminChina．HeistheprideofusChinese.A.Millionsofpeoplediedbecausetheyhadnofood.B.Hesucceededininventinganewtypeofwhichwasbetter.C.WeshouldthankYuanLongpingandhisteam.D.Yuanalwaysthoughtofhimselfasafarmer.E.Withthenewtype,about70,000,000peoplecouldhavefoodeveryyear!F.HowcanIhelpthemhaveenoughfood?G.Theytookeverygoodcareoftheirrice.(B)Imaginepioneerstravelingwestinthe1800s．Inthosedays,itwashardtofindrunningwaterandshopswheretobuythings．Astimewentby,mostpioneershadtomaketheirhomesnearariversothattheycouldgetwatereasily.Howdidrivershelppeopleinthepast?Backinthepioneerdays,peoplegrewtheirownfood,caughttheirownfish,andcollectedtheirownwater．__1__Peoplealsousedriversasroads,travelingonboats．Tradersshippedgoods(貨物)topeoplefromotherareas.__2__Whenbuildingmanyfactoriesrightnexttoriversforthewater’spowertomakemachineswork,somepeoplechoosetolivenearariverforworking．Theyusetherivertoshiplargegoods,andsomeofthemworkatthesefactorieswherepowerfactoriesprovideelectricitytohomesandbusinesses．__3__Whowouldn’twanttolivenearariver?Somepeoplearenervousaboutlivingnearriversbecauseriverscancausefloods(洪水)．Everyonceinawhile,floodwatersrisehigherthanahouse,ruining(泡壞)manythingsinthehouse．__4__Suchwastecauseswatertosmellbadandpollutesthecrops(莊稼)weeat．Waterandcropsinpollutedareascanmakepeopleverysick.Howdopeopledecidewheretolive?__5__Riverscanprovidejobsandfunactivitiesinabeautifulplace．However,thoselivingbyriversshouldbewillingtoacceptpossibleproblemsaswell.A．Whydidpeoplewanttolivenearariver?B．Whydopeoplelivenearriversnow?C．Peopleshouldthinkoverthepossiblerisksbeforedecidingwheretolive.D．Stayingclosetoariverwaseasytogetwaterforliving．E．Somefactoriesstopwastewaterfromrunningintorivers.F．Somefactoriesputtheirwasteintorivers.G．Peoplewhocarrygoodsontoshipsliveneartheriver,too.(C)WinstonChurchilloncesaid,“Wemakealivingbywhatweget,butwemakealifebywhatwegive.”Thesearecertainlywordsthatmillionsofvolunteersaroundtheworldcouldagreewith.IntheUS,AprilisNationalVolunteerMonth,topraiseandthankvolunteerswholendtheirtime,talent,andsupporttowhattheycareabout.__1__Peoplewhovolunteerspendtheirtimedoingthingstheyfeelstronglyabout．Forexample,animalloversmayvolunteeratananimalcentretohelpimprovethetreatmentofanimals.Volunteeringallowsvolunteerstomeetnewpeople,tryoutnewskillsandexplorecareerchoices．__2__TakeAndrewMakhoul,astudentattheUniversityofPennsylvania,asanexample．Andrewdidn’tspendhislastspringbreakrelaxing．Instead,the19-year-oldboydecidedtodosomethingforpeoplewhowerelessluckythanhimself．Hetravelledtoanorphanage(孤兒院)inGuatemalainCentralAmerica．__3__Anditdependsonvolunteerstostayopen.Andrewdoesn’tspeakmuchSpanish,buthefoundcommunicationwasn’taproblem,“Youcommunicatedwithlove，”accordingtoanarticleonhisuniversity’swebsite．Andwhathegaveout,hegotback,“__4__”Andrew’sfirsttimeasavolunteeronlylastedaweek,butbytheendofthatweek,heknewhe’dbebacksoon—becausehesawloveandhope.USauthorSherryAndersononcewrote,“__5__”Andthisisperhapswhyvolunteersallaroundtheworldkeepdoingwhattheydo—theirworkis“priceless”．A．It’sachanceforpoorchildrentogetbettercareandsupport.B．Lifewillbedifficult,butIhavetheconfidencetoliveahappy,fulllife.C．Foryoungadults,valuablelessonsmayalsobelearnedthroughvolunteering.D．Volunteersdon’tgetpaid,notbecausethey’reworthless,butbecausethey’repriceless.E．Itisinoneofthepoorestpartsofthecountry.F．Youcouldseelovewhenyoulookedintheireyes.G．Volunteeringmeanschoosingtoworkwithoutbeingpaid.（D）Wenevergetourchildhoodbackoncewe'readults!Forteenagers,lifeisnotaplayground,it’sjungle(叢林)．1It'simportanttolearntheruleswillhelpthemtoreachtheirgoalsandlivesuccessfullife．Followthestepsbelow,andyoucanachieveasuccessfulteenagelife.Dobestinschool．2Nomatterhowboringitisnow,educationwillhelpyoubeproductivememberinsociety．Workhardforexcellenceinschool．Doingsowillhelpyougetintoabetteruniversity,whichwillenableyoutogetagreatjobinthefuture.Drawyourfuture．Lifeisfullofamazingthingstodoandlearnabout．Startfromonesinglestepreachyourgoal．Startthinkingaboutcareersyouwouldliketobein,andmakeagoodchoicebasedyourinterestsandstrengths．34Neverhangoutwithsomeonewhodoesn'tmakeyoufeelcomfortable．Bewithpeoplewhomakeyouhappy,andgetridoftheoneswhodon't．Createagroupofsupportiveandlovingfriendsthatcanhelpyousucceedinlifeandliveyourdreams.Beproactive(積極主動)．Beingproactiveisthekeytounlockingtheotherhabits．Proactivepeopleunderstandthattheyshoulddowhattheycantogettheirownhappiness．5A．Dowhatyoulove.B．Chooseyourfriendswisely.C．Schoolsetsyouontherighttrack!D．Thiscouldbeyourjobfortherestofyourlife!E．Yougettheopportunitytoenjoylifeonlyonce.F．Theydon'tblameothersfortheirownactionsorfeelings.G．Thelifeofateenagerisfullofdifficultiesandlife-changingdecisions.（E）KurtVonnegutwasanAmericanwriterwholivedfrom1922to2007．Hisworkuseddarkcomedy,aswellasfeaturesofsciencefiction,todiscusstheproblemsoflifeinthe20thcentury．33Don'twasteyourreaders'time34Evenashortstorycantakeseveralhourstofinishifyou'reaslowreader．Don'tmakeyourreadersfeeltheywouldratherdosomethingbetterwiththeirtime.EverycharactershouldwantsomethingThecharactersinyourstoryshouldwantthings．35Thinkaboutyourownlife:everythingyoudoisbecauseofsomethingyouwant．Sometimesthesethingsarebig,butmostofthetimethey'resmallthings．36Awritershouldn'ttrytowriteforeverypersonwhomightreadtheirwork．Instead,imagineonepersonandthinkaboutwhatyourwritingcanachieveforthem．Beforeyouputyourpenonthepaper,trytothink,"WhoamIwritingthisfor?"BreaktherulesPerhapsthemostimportantadviceVonneguthasisthatgoodwritersdon'talwaysfollowtherules．Iftheydid,mostwritingwouldbeveryboring．37Youneverknow—itmightjustwork!A．WriteforonepersonB．ImagineyourreadersC．Readingsomethingcantakealongtime.D．Iftheydon't,thentheirstorycannotmoveforward.E．HeisbestknownforhisnovelSlaughterhouse-Five.F．HerearesometipsVonnegutsharedwithnewwriters.G．Sodon'tbeafraidtotrysomethingnewinyourwriting.（F）Carsmakeourlivesmucheasier．Buttheycanalsobeaproblem,especiallyfossilfuel(化石燃料)cars．____33____Toimprovetheenvironment,manycountriesaredevelopingelectricvehicles(EVs,電動車)．____34____Chinahascreatedtheworld’slargestEVmarket,accordingtotheWallStreetJournal．In2021,over30percentoftheEVssoldworldwideweresoldinChina,morethantwiceasmanyasthenumbersoldintheUnitedStates．____35____Chineseautocompanies,includingBYDandBAIC,havebeenamongthetopintheworldinEVsales.“Charging(充電)anelectricearischeaperthanfillingupafossilfuelcarwithgas,”saidWuHao,whoboughtanelectriccarfromBAICthisyear．____36____Itcanbehardtofindchargingstationsandthecarscan’tgofarbeforeneedingtoberecharged.Someoftheseproblemsarebeingsolved．____37____Therearemorethan2.6millionchargingstationsintotal.DevelopingEVsisoneofmanyeffortsChinahasmadetoprotecttheenvironment．“AsChinagoes,sowilltheworld’sautoindustry,"theWallStreetJournalsaid.A．ChinesedriversarealreadybigfansofEVs.B．Thereisalwaystoomuchtrafficontheroad.C．However,therearestillsomeproblems.D．Amongthem,Chinaistakingaleadingrole.E．Peoplecannotonlygogreenbutalsosavemoney.F．NowChinahastheworld’slargestEVchargingnetwork.G．Theyhavebecomeamajorcauseofairpollution.（G）InsunnyCalifornia,CraigRogerswassittingonhissurfboard,scanningthedistanceforhisnextwave．31Helookeddownandwasscaredtoseeagreatwhitesharkbitingthefrontofhisboard．“Icouldhavetoucheditseyewithmyhand,”saysRogers．Thesharkhadsurfacedsoquietlythathedidn’thearathing．Inhishorrorandconfusion(慌亂),hewavedhisarmsandaccidentallycuttwoofhisfingersontheshark’steeth．32Then,althoughRogersbeinginthewaterwithbloodflowingfromhisfingers,thefive-meter-longsharksimplyswamaway.33Ofthese,one-thirdaresaidtobegreatwhiteattacks．Greatwhitesareoftendescribedas“man-eaters”—creaturesthathuntandkillhumans—butthisisfactuallyincorrect．34Infact,apersonhasagreaterchanceofbeingkilledbylightningthanbyagreatwhite．Oneofthemostcommonexplanationsforgreatwhiteattacksisthatgreatwhitesdon’tseewell．Itisthoughtthattheyoftenmistakeapersonforasealorasealion—averyattractivesnack．Someothersharkresearchersbelievethatgreatwhites“attack”becausetheyareactuallycuriousanimalsthatliketostudythings．Theybelievethatit’spossiblegreatwhitesusetheirbitenotjusttokillandeat,butalsotogatherinformation．35EventhoughsuchexperiencesareunluckyforpeoplelikeCraigRogers,perhapswhensharksbitesurfboards,otherobjects,orevenpeople,theyarejusttryingtolearnwhattheyare.A．Suddenly,theboardstoppedmoving.B．Greatwhitesseldomkilltheirhumanvictims.C．Morethan100sharkattackshappenworldwideeachyear.D．Hegotofftheoppositesideofhissurfboard,intothewater.E．Hemanagedtobalancehimselfontheboardforquiteamoment.F．Anotherexplanationfortheattackscomesfromsharks’competitivenature.G．Accordingtothisidea,whenagreatwhiterealizeswhatitisbiting,itsimplyletsgo.（H）LiMeixi,12,feelsworriedaboutherlooks-notherface,butherclothes．Whensheseesfashionablepeopleonthestreet,shetriestokeepawayfromthem．"33"saidLi,from