高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí)第1部分Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars課件新人教版必修

必修三教材復(fù)習(xí)篇Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars欄目導(dǎo)航02基礎(chǔ)自主梳理03核心考點(diǎn)探究01晨背話題寫作01晨背話題寫作[話題單詞]1．orbitn． 軌道2．a(chǎn)stronautn． 航天員3．phenomenonn． 現(xiàn)象4．technologyn． 技術(shù)5．a(chǎn)stronomyn． 天文學(xué)6．spacewalkn． 太空行走7．explorevt. 探險；考察8．launchvt. 發(fā)射9．a(chǎn)dvancedadj. 先進(jìn)的10．spacecraftn． 宇宙飛船11．a(chǎn)utomaticadj. 自動的，機(jī)械的12．scientificadj. 科學(xué)的13．revolutionn． 革命14．progressn．/vi. 前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展15．significancen． 意義；重要性[話題短語]1．solaractivity太陽活動2．launchasatellite發(fā)射衛(wèi)星3．mannedspaceship/spacecraft載人宇宙飛船4．playanimportantpartin在……中起重要作用5．a(chǎn)spacetravel太空之旅6．a(chǎn)blackhole黑洞7．a(chǎn)tahigherlevel較高水平8．sendupanunmannedspaceship發(fā)射無人飛船[話題佳句]1．Scienceandtechnologyareaprimaryproductiveforce.科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力。2．Thenewtechnologyhasbeenmorewidelyadopted.這項新技術(shù)得到了更加廣泛的采用。3．Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently.It'salmostthreetimesaslargeasEarth，andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.據(jù)報道，最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆行星，它幾乎是地球的三倍大，人類有望能在上面生活。4．It'samazingthatChinabecamethethirdcountrythatlaunchedamannedspacecraft.中國成為第三個發(fā)送載人宇宙飛船的國家，真是驚人。5．Withspacetechnologydevelopingsorapidly，wearesuretomakeavisittothemoonsomeday.隨著太空技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，我們一定會在將來某一天奔赴月球。[佳作背誦]隨著科技的發(fā)展，人類對外層空間的探索越來越深入。你們班據(jù)此展開了一次討論，請根據(jù)表格中的內(nèi)容寫一篇短文，并談?wù)勀愕挠^點(diǎn)和想法。支持(多數(shù)學(xué)生)1.探索太空是中國人一直以來的夢想；2．有助于未來中國參與國際競爭。反對(部分學(xué)生)1.探索太空需要大量的金錢，增加國家的負(fù)擔(dān)；2．中國是一個發(fā)展中國家，應(yīng)努力解決其他社會問題。你的觀點(diǎn)和感想…………………識記·思考·運(yùn)用

02基礎(chǔ)自主梳理1．核心單詞①________________

n．大氣層；氣氛②___________

vi.&vt.碰撞；墜落③____________

adj.溫和的；文雅的④___________

vt.&vi.使浮動；使漂浮n.漂浮物⑤____________

vt.&vi.使迷惑；使為難n.謎；難題⑥___________

vi.生存；存在existencen．存在；生存atmospherecrashgentlefloatpuzzleexist

⑦_(dá)____________

adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→______________

n．暴力⑧_____________

adj.有害的→__________

n．&vt.傷害，損害⑨_____________

n．氣候⑩__________

n．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力violent

violence

harmful

harm

climate

pull

2．閱讀單詞①unlikeprep.____________________②oxygenn.__________③carbonn._______④massn._________________________________⑤multiplyvi.&vt.__________⑥gravityn._____________⑦fundamentaladj.___________________→fundamentn.___________與……不同；不像氧(氣)碳質(zhì)量；團(tuán)；塊；大量；(復(fù))群眾乘；增加萬有引力；重力基本的；基礎(chǔ)的基礎(chǔ)，根本⑧religionn._____________religiousadj._________⑨biologyn._________biologistn.__________biologicaladj.__________⑩physicistn.__________physicsn._________?extinctadj._____________extinctionn.________宗教；宗教信仰宗教的生物學(xué)生物學(xué)家生物學(xué)的物理學(xué)家物理學(xué)滅絕的；絕種的滅絕?_______________

n．地球儀；地球→________________

adj.全球性的；全世界的?_________________

vt.用盡；耗盡；使筋疲力盡→___________________

adj.精疲力盡的?________________

n．系統(tǒng)；體系；制度→____________________

adj.系統(tǒng)的；有規(guī)則的?________________

n．學(xué)說；理論→_____________________

adj.理論上的globeglobalexhaustexhaustedsystemsystematictheorytheoretical用上面所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．HarvardUniversitytakesinanyoutstandingstudentregardlessof______________(religious)，colourorbackground.2．Water____________(exist)inthreeforms.whichareliquid，gasandsolid.3．Someexpertsthinkreadingisthe_________________(fundament)skilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.4．Fruitjuicecanbe_____________(harm)tochildren'steeth.5．Thereisalotofrubbish______________(float)onthesurfaceoftheriver. 6．Whatmakesme_____________(puzzle)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.religion

exists

fundamental

harmful

floating

puzzled

7．Manypeopleareworriedaboutthefactsabout____________(globe)warming.8．Shegotinterestedinplantsanddecidedtobea_______________(biology)．9．Thevolcanoerupted_______________(violent)，yetthevillageatthefootofitsurvived.10．Themantookthelittleboy____________(gentle)inhishandandputhimupintothetree.global

biologist

violently

gently

1．“推、拉”家族①pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力②drawvt.&vi.拖，拉③dragvt.&n.拖，拉，拽④pushv．&n.推，推動(力)2．“碰、撞”家族①hitv．碰撞，打擊②crashv．碰撞；墜落③bumpn．&v.撞；碰撞(聲)④collidev．碰撞；相撞⑤collisionn．撞擊；碰撞⑥r(nóng)uninto撞上⑦knockinto撞上⑧knocktogether相撞3．后綴-ist必備名詞薈萃①archaeologist考古學(xué)家②biologist生物學(xué)家③chemist化學(xué)家④physicist物理學(xué)家⑤psychologist心理學(xué)家⑥specialist專家⑦sociologist社會學(xué)家⑧scientist科學(xué)家⑨t(yī)ypist打字員⑩tourist旅游者，游客4．與“太空”有關(guān)的單詞集錦astronomern．天文學(xué)家astronomyn．天文學(xué)astronautn．宇航員satelliten．衛(wèi)星orbitn．軌道universen．宇宙gravityn．萬有引力planetn．行星spaceshipn．宇宙飛船atmospheren．大氣層1．動詞＋介詞/副詞①cheer________

感到高興；感到振奮②depend________

依靠；取決于③break_________

突發(fā)；爆發(fā)④block_________

擋住(光線)⑤prevent...__________

阻止；制止⑥watch_________

小心，注意up

……………識記·思考·運(yùn)用

on

out

out

from

out

2．動詞＋名詞(＋介詞)①_________eggs下蛋②__________birthto產(chǎn)生；分娩③getthehang________

熟悉；掌握；理解3．其他形式①now__________既然②________time及時；終于lay

give

of

that

in

watchingoutfor

preventedfrom

Nowthat

intime

brokeout

cheepup

1．“動詞＋from”短語一覽①keep/stop/prevent...from阻止；制止②separate...from把……和……分離開③differfrom與……不同④sufferfrom受……苦⑤hearfrom收到……的來信⑥prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.⑦bansb.fromdoingsth.⑧forbidsb.fromdoingsth.2．表達(dá)“小心；當(dāng)心”的高頻短語薈萃①watchout(for)小心；當(dāng)心②lookout當(dāng)心③takecare小心④becareful小心背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫1.Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。動詞＋it＋adj./n.(賓補(bǔ))＋todo。他的決定使我們在今天下午四點(diǎn)以前完成工作成為可能。Hisdecision______________________________________byfouro'clockthisafternoon.madeitpossibleforusto

finishthework

背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫2.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)，因而我摔倒了。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級＋as＋其他。杰茜卡付出的時間和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信她這次能成功。Jessicadevoted____________________________________shedidbefore，soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.threetimesasmuchtime

andenergyas

背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫3.“Oh，dear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大聲說，“既然重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了?！眓owthat“既然；由于”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，有時that可以省略。既然大家都到齊了，我們可以開始開會了。__________________________，wecanbeginthemeeting.4.Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。

過去分詞作狀語，說明主語的情況。長途旅行之后，我們?nèi)嘶氐搅思遥逐I又累。Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofuswentbackhome，__________________.Nowthateverybodyishere

hungryandtired

ExploreMKIIMKII，aplanetbillionsofkilometersaway，is1._________originoflifeinmanyreligions.Physicists2._________________(prove)thetheorythatitsgentleclimateandthepullofitsgravityaresimilartotheearth's.Andastronomershavefoundthatoxygenatomsandcarbondioxide,3.___________arefundamentaltolife，existinitsatmospherethroughsatellites.4._____________(cheer)upbythisnews，biologists，intheirturn，begantodosomeresearchtoremovepeople'spuzzles.Nowthattherearesome5______________(suit)conditions，doeslifereallyexistonthisglobe?Dotheymultiplybylayingeggs6.________givingbirthtobabies?the

………………3500詞匯語境篇——先練后背，事半功倍

haveproved

which

Cheered

suitable

or

that

younger

reactions

but

harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的(教材原句)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。03核心考點(diǎn)探究拓展詞：harmn．&vt.傷害；損害harmlessadj.無害的；無辜的(1)beharmfulto對……有害(2)doharmtosb.＝dosb.harm傷害某人causeharmtosb.傷害某人meannoharmto...對……沒有惡意Thereisnoharmindoing...做……無害處。(1)ToomuchTV-watchingcan__________(harmful)children'sabilitytolearn.看電視過多會影響孩子的學(xué)習(xí)能力。(2)單句語法填空①Itneveroccurredtohimthathiscarelessnesscoulddosuchgreatharm________himself.②Theymaynotbeabletohelpbutthere'snoharmin____________(ask)them.③Ifusedimproperly，themedicinewillbe_____________(harm)toyou.harm

to

asking

harmful

harm

harmful

no

existvi.存在，在于(教材原句)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.他們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。拓展詞：existencen．存在；生存existingadj.(僅用于名詞前)目前的，現(xiàn)存的(1)existon靠……為生existin存在于……中Thereexists/existed...某地有……；存在……(2)comeintoexistence產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在inexistence存在(1)exist只用作不可數(shù)名詞，因此沒有被動語態(tài)，且通常不用于進(jìn)行時。(2)Thereexist...表示“存在……”“有……”，there不要換成it。[要點(diǎn)釋疑]therehaveexisted

existed

cameintoexistence

toexist

existence

existing

exist

puzzlen．謎；難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難(教材原句)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球生命如何起源是科學(xué)家們覺得很難解決的最大的難題之一。拓展詞：puzzledadj.困惑的；感到迷惑的puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的(1)puzzleover/about苦思冥想；絞盡腦汁(2)beinapuzzle(about)(對……)不知如何是好(3)bepuzzledabout對……迷惑不解(1)Therewasa_____________lookonherfacebecausea______________problem_____________her.(puzzle)她臉上有迷惑不解的神情，因?yàn)橛袀€令人費(fèi)解的問題使她困惑。(2)語境活用Her_____________(puzzle)lookshowedthatshewas_____________，itwasreally_______puzzlebecauseitwas______________(puzzle)thathewouldratherthrowawaythefoodthangiveittothoseinneed.Whathesaidaswellaswhathedid_____________(puzzle)allthepeoplepresent.她的困惑的表情表明她對他說的話感到迷惑。這的確是個謎，因?yàn)樗麑幙砂涯切┦澄锶拥粢膊唤o那些急需的人的做法令人困惑。他所說的和他所做的讓在場的人感到困惑。puzzled

puzzling

puzzled

puzzled

puzzled

a

puzzling

puzzled

pulln．&vt.(拉)力；拖；牽引力(教材原句)Astherocketroseintotheair，Wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.隨著火箭升入空中，由于我們在努力掙脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。pullaway(車輛等)駛離；開走pullin(車輛等)進(jìn)站；靠停pulldown拆除pullout拔出；駛出；拉出，拿出pullthrough恢復(fù)健康pullup(使)停車(1)Hepulled_________amobilephoneandmadeacall.他掏出手機(jī)打了個電話。(2)ThetrafficlightswentgreenandIpulled__________.交通燈變綠，我開車離開。(3)用pull相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thepolicemansignalledthedriverto_______________hiscarsothathecouldcheckhislicence.②Whenallpassengerswereonboard，thetrain________________ofthestation.③Herfamilywonderedifshecould__________________aftertheoperation.④Theearthquake_________________mostofthebuildingsinthecity.⑤TheexpressfromBeijing_______________ontime.out

away

pullover

pulledout

pullthrough

pulleddown

pulledin

intime及時；終于；遲早(教材原句)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervapourandothergases.它們最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮?dú)狻⑺魵夂推渌喾N氣體。intime(for/todo)及時ontime準(zhǔn)時；按時innotime立即，馬上atnotime決不(置于句首時，句子部分倒裝)atatime一次atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度attimes有時takeone'stime別著急；慢慢來killtime消磨時間(1)Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”O(jiān)ureffortswillpayoff_____________.常言道，“有志者事竟成”，我們的努力遲早會有所回報。(2)用time的相關(guān)短語填空①________________didIfeeltheywerebeingunreasonable.②Thecarcametoastopjust_____________topreventanaccident.③You'dbetterdoonething_______________，sothatyoucanconcentrateonit.④_________________，thatkindofthingwouldhavemademereallyangry.⑤We'lldoupyourcar________________atall.intime

Atnotime

intime

atatime

Atonetime

innotime

soonerorlater

(2)turnin上交；上繳turnover反復(fù)考慮；翻身；翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交turndown關(guān)??；調(diào)低；拒絕turnout生產(chǎn)；制造；培養(yǎng)出；結(jié)果是……；證明是……(1)Unexpectedlytheweatherturned_________prettynicethatday.出乎意料的是，那天天氣特別好。(2)Shekeptturning__________theeventsofthedayinhermind.她腦子里不斷琢磨當(dāng)天發(fā)生的事。(3)用taketurns/byturns/inturn的適當(dāng)形式填空。①Theyoungparentshadto________________tolookaftertheirsickbaby.②Thechangeoftheclimatemakestheearthwarmer._____________，thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate，too.③Idecidedtodividethisclassintothreegroupstogivethemlessons______________.out

over

taketurns

Inturn

byturns

(1)WheneverIencounterdifficulties，shewillencouragemeandhelpme______________.每當(dāng)我遇到困難時，她總是鼓勵我，幫我振作起來。cheerup

(2)語境活用The______________(cheer)newsmadethe_______________(cheer)boy______________(cheer)，whichmadehisparentscheer________，too.這個令人鼓舞的消息使得這個不愉快的小男孩高興起來，他的父母也感到很高興。cheering

cheerless

cheerful

up

Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命得以發(fā)展了。當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語是不定式短語或從句時，多用it作形式賓語，而把不定式短語或從句后置，即make＋it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語＋不定式短語或從句。find，feel，think，leave等動詞也有這樣的用法。(1)Thesungivesofflightandheat，which_________________________________forplantstogrow.太陽發(fā)出光和熱，這使得植物生長成為可能。(it指代不定式)makesitpossible/makingitpossible

(2)單句語法填空①Peopleinthewestmakeitaruleto