化工原理（1）（全英文）智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年山東科技大學(xué)

化工原理（1）（全英文）智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年山東科技大學(xué)WhentheheattransferQandtotalheattransfercoefficientKoftheheatexchangerareconstant,thecountercurrentoperationisadopted,andtherequiredheattransferareaoftheheatexchangerissmall.當(dāng)換熱器的傳熱量Q及總傳熱系數(shù)K一定時(shí)，采用逆流操作，所需的換熱器傳熱面積較小。（）

答案:對Heattransferratereferstotheamountofheatthatpassesthroughaunitheattransferareaperunittime.傳熱速率是指在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)通過單位傳熱面積的熱量。（）

答案:對Forsolidparticlestobeseparatedfromthefluidinthesettler,thetimerequiredfortheparticlestosettlemustbegreaterthantheresidencetimeoftheparticlesinthesettler.要使固體顆粒在沉降器內(nèi)從流體中分離出來，顆粒沉降所需要的時(shí)間必須大于顆粒在器內(nèi)的停留時(shí)間。（）

答案:錯(cuò)Therearetwotypicalfiltrationmodes:constant-pressurefiltrationandconstant-velocityfiltration.過濾操作有恒壓過濾和恒速過濾兩種典型方式。（）

答案:對Inashell-and-tubeheatexchangerwithabaffle,therelativeflowdirectionsofthetwofluidsarecross-flow.在帶有折流擋板的管殼式換熱器中，兩流體的相對流向?yàn)殄e(cuò)流。（）

答案:錯(cuò)Fourier'slawisthebasiclawtodescribethermalconvection.傅立葉定律為描述熱對流的基本定律。（）

答案:錯(cuò)Gravitational

settlingvelocityisconstant,butcentrifugalsettlingvelocityisnot.

重力沉降速度是定值，然而離心沉降速度不是。（）

答案:對TheworkingpointofthecentrifugalpumpistheintersectionofthecharacteristiccurveofthepumpH-QandthecharacteristiccurveofthepipelineHe-Qe.離心泵的工作點(diǎn)是泵的特性曲線H-Q與其所在的管路特性曲線He-Qe的交點(diǎn)。（）

答案:對Viscosityofafluiddecreaseswithtemperature.流體的粘度隨溫度上升而下降。（）

答案:錯(cuò)Theproductivityofevaporatorreferstothewatercomponentevaporatedperunitheattransferareaperunittime;Capacityofevaporatorreferstotheamountofwaterevaporatedperunittime.蒸發(fā)器的生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)度是指單位傳熱面積上單位時(shí)間內(nèi)所蒸發(fā)的水分量；蒸發(fā)器的生產(chǎn)能力是指單位時(shí)間內(nèi)蒸發(fā)的水分量。（）

答案:對Whichunitoperationbelongstomomentumtransfer？哪個(gè)單元操作屬于動(dòng)量傳遞?()

答案:Transportationoffluids流體輸送###Filtration過濾Methodsofregulatingreciprocatingpumpflowinclude_____.往復(fù)泵的流量調(diào)節(jié)方法包括_____.

()

答案:Changethepistonstroke改變活塞沖程###Numberofreciprocationsofthepiston活塞往復(fù)次數(shù)###Bypassregulation旁路調(diào)節(jié)Theenergylossinthecentrifugalpumpincludes_____.離心泵內(nèi)能量損失包括_____.()

答案:Mechanicalloss機(jī)械損失###Volumeloss容積損失###Hydraulicloss水力損失WhichofthefollowingexpressionsareNOTright?以下說法是錯(cuò)誤的?()

答案:ThefiltrationrateisproportionaltoA(filtrationarea)過濾速率與A(過濾面積)成正比###Thefiltrationrateisproportionaltothefiltratevolume過濾速率與濾液體積成正比###Thefiltrationrateisinverselyproportionaltotheresistanceofthepresscloth過濾速率與濾布阻力成反比

答案:56.8mVacuumgaugescanbeusedtomeasuretheabsolutepressurethatis(

).真空表可以用于測量什么范圍的絕對壓強(qiáng)？（）

答案:lessthantheexternalatmosphericpressure小于外界大氣壓Sphericalparticlesettlingbygravityinastationaryfluidshouldmake________.球形顆粒在靜止流體中作重力沉降，經(jīng)歷______階段。()

答案:Uniformmovementfollowedbyacceleratedmovement加速和等速運(yùn)動(dòng)Whendiscussingtheseparationperformanceofcycloneseparators,thecriticalparticlesizerefersto______.討論旋風(fēng)分離器分離性能時(shí)，臨界粒徑這一術(shù)語是指_____。()

答案:Thediameterofthesmallestparticlethatcanbecompletelyseparatedbyacycloneseparator旋風(fēng)分離器能夠全部分離出來的最小顆粒的直徑Theboilingpointis______thesolutionintheevaporationchamber.蒸發(fā)室內(nèi)溶液的沸點(diǎn)______二次蒸汽的溫度。（）

答案:Higherthan高于Twokindsofparticleswiththeparticlesizeof16μmand8μmsettleinthesamecycloneseparatorandsettleinthestagnantflowarea,thentheratioofcentrifugalsettlingvelocityofthetwokindsofparticlesis_____.粒徑分別為16微米和8微米的兩種顆粒在同一旋風(fēng)分離器中沉降，沉降在滯流區(qū)，則兩種顆粒的離心沉降速度之比為_____。（）

答案:4ThedrivingforceforFilterationisgenerallyreferredto_______.過濾推動(dòng)力一般是指_______。()

答案:Thepressuredifferencebetweenbothsidesofthefilterlayerformedbythefiltermediumandthefiltercake過濾介質(zhì)與濾餅構(gòu)成的過濾層兩邊的壓差I(lǐng)nfluidmechanics,thecontinuityequationisobtainedfrom_____,andmustbesatisfiedby_____.流體力學(xué)中的連續(xù)性方程可由_____原理推導(dǎo)出，且須為_____所遵循。()

答案:conservationofmass;gasesandliquids質(zhì)量守恒；氣體與液體Reciprocatingpumpfor_____.往復(fù)泵適用于_____.()

答案:Smallerflowrate,Higherpressurehead流量較小，壓頭較高的場合Theworkingpointofthecentrifugalpumpis_____.離心泵的工作點(diǎn)是指_____.()

答案:Theintersectionpointofpumpcharacteristiccurveandpipelinecharacteristiccurve泵的特性曲線與管路特性曲線的交點(diǎn)Asshowninthefigurebelow,undernormalpressure,theverticaldistancezbetweenthetanksurfacefilledwith100°Сwaterandthepumpinletis_____.Itisknownthattheallowablevacuumofthepump[Hs]=5m,andtheresistancelossofthesuctionlineis2mH2O.如下圖所示，常壓下，內(nèi)盛100oС水的槽面距泵入口垂直距離z為_____。已知泵允許吸上真空度[Hs]＝5m，吸入管線阻力損失2mH2O。()

答案:＞7m

答案:0.079m3/sThepurposeofusingmulti-effectevaporationistoimprove_________.采用多效蒸發(fā)的目的是為了提高_(dá)________。（）

答案:Theeconomyofheatingsteam加熱蒸汽經(jīng)濟(jì)程度Pressurecalculatedbasedonabsolutezeropressureiscalled.以絕對零壓作為起點(diǎn)計(jì)算的壓強(qiáng)，稱為。（）

答案:Absolutepressure絕對壓強(qiáng)TherelationshipbetweentheshaftpowerNandvolumetricflowrateQofacentrifugalpumpis(

).離心泵的軸功率N與流量Q的關(guān)系為（

）.()

答案:WhenQgoesup,Ngoesup

Q增大，N增大Fanningfrictionfactorisratioof_____.范寧摩擦因數(shù)是_____之比。()

答案:shearstressatwalltovelocityhead管壁處切應(yīng)力與動(dòng)壓頭Intheliquid-solidseparationprocess,thetemperatureoftheliquidmustbe______toincreasethesedimentationvelocity在液固分離過程，為了增大沉降速度，必須使液體的溫度_______。（）

答案:Increased升高WhichofthefollowingstatementsonheadlossesisFALSE?下列哪種關(guān)于壓頭損失的說法是錯(cuò)誤的。()

答案:Minorlossisproportionaltovelocityheadandratiooflengthtodiameter.局部損失與動(dòng)壓頭和管道長徑比成正比。Theheadofacentrifugalpumpis_____.離心泵的揚(yáng)程是指_____.()

答案:Theeffectiveenergyprovidedbyapumpperunitweightofliquid泵對單位重量液體提供的有效能量Thepumpefficiencyηcharacterizesthefractionofenergybeingtransferredtotheliquid.Foracentrifugalpump,dependenceofηon

thevolumetricflowrateQis_____.泵效率反映了被分配給液體的能量占比，離心泵的效率η與流量Q的關(guān)系為_____.()

答案:WhenQincreases,ηincreasesfirstandthendecreasesQ增大，η先增大后減小Foracentrifugalpump,ifthefluiddensityisincreasedby1.2times,thenatthesameflowrate,theheadincreasesby_____times,thepowerincreasesby_____times._對某一離心泵，若輸送的流體密度增大1.2倍，則在相同流量下，揚(yáng)程增大倍數(shù)為____倍，功率增大倍數(shù)為____倍。()

答案:1,1.2Intheconstantpressurefiltration,thefiltercakeisincompressibleandthemediumresistancecanbeignored.Iftheoperatingpressuredifferenceincreasesby1times,thefiltrationrateincreasedto______.恒壓過濾時(shí)，如濾餅不可壓縮，介質(zhì)阻力可忽略，當(dāng)操作壓差增加1倍，則過濾速率為原來的_______。（）

答案:2Theparticlesizeofacertainparticlesettlesinthedust-settlingchamber.Iftheheightofthechamberdoubles,itsproductivitywillbe_______.某粒徑的顆粒在降塵室中沉降，若降塵室的高度增加一倍，則該降塵室的生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)度將_______。（）。

答案:不變InvariantTheunitofthermalconductivitycoefficientis,theunitofconvectiveheattransfercoefficientis,andtheunitoftotalheattransfercoefficientis.導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的單位為，對流傳熱系數(shù)的單位為，總傳熱系數(shù)的單位為。(A)(C)()

答案:W/(m2·℃)Themainwaytoimprovetheproductivityofevaporatoristoincrease_______.提高蒸發(fā)器生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)度的主要途徑是增大_______。（）

答案:Heattransfercoefficient傳熱系數(shù)Intheevaporationoperation,ifthesolutionisboiledandevaporatedunder________,theboilingpointofthesolutioncanbereducedandtheeffectivetemperaturedifferenceoftheevaporatorcanbeincreased.在蒸發(fā)操作中，若使溶液在_______下沸騰蒸發(fā)，可降低溶液沸點(diǎn)而增大蒸發(fā)器的有效溫度差。（）

答案:Reducedpressure減壓Thevaporfromasolutioninanevaporationoperation,oftencalled________.蒸發(fā)操作中，從溶液中汽化出來的蒸汽，常稱為_______。（）

答案:Secondarysteam二次蒸汽Iftheheattransfersurfaceareaofthesingle-effectevaporatorisequaltotheheattransfersurfaceareaofthesingle-effectevaporator,andthesameamountofwaterisevaporated,theproductivityofthemulti-effectisNtimesthatofthesingle-effect.若單效蒸發(fā)器的傳熱表面積與多效中單臺的傳熱表面積相等，對蒸發(fā)同樣多的水分，則多效的生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)度為單效的n倍。（）

答案:錯(cuò)Themaincausesoftemperaturedifferencelossinevaporationoperationare_____.蒸發(fā)操作中，造成溫度差損失的主要原因有______。（）

答案:Pipelinefluidresistance管道流體阻力導(dǎo)致###Thestaticpressureofliquidcolumn液柱靜壓強(qiáng)引起###Thepresenceofasolutelowersthevaporpressureandraisestheboilingpoint溶質(zhì)的存在使蒸氣壓下降，沸點(diǎn)升高Intheevaporationoperation,increasedboilingpointofthesolutionisrelatedto________.在蒸發(fā)操作中，溶液的沸點(diǎn)升高，_______。（）

答案:Thesolutiontype,concentration,andpressure與溶液類別、濃度及壓強(qiáng)都有關(guān)Generallyspeaking,themainwaytoreducetheevaporatorheattransfersurfaceareaisto_______.一般來說，減少蒸發(fā)器傳熱表面積的主要途徑是_______。（）

答案:Increasethetotalheattransfercoefficient增大總傳熱系數(shù)Themaximumparticlediameterthatcanbecompletelyseparatedbycycloneseparatoriscalledthecriticalparticlediameter.通過旋風(fēng)分離器能夠完全分離出來的最大顆粒直徑，稱臨界顆粒直徑。（）

答案:錯(cuò)Indust-settlingchamber,thesettlingvelocityofdustisNOTrelatedto_____.在降塵室中，塵粒的沉降速度與_______無關(guān)。（）

答案:Particleshape顆粒的形狀###Geometricdimensionsofparticles顆粒的幾何尺寸###Thedensityofparticlesandfluids顆粒與流體的密度Thefreesettlingvelocityofasmallsteelballwithadensityof7800kg/minaliquidwitharelativedensityof1.2is1/4000ofthatinwaterat20℃,thentheviscosityofthesolutionis____(letthesettlingareabelaminarflow).一密度為7800kg/m的小鋼球在相對密度為1.2的某液體中的自由沉降速度為在20℃水中沉降速度的1/4000，則此溶液的粘度為______（設(shè)沉降區(qū)為層流）。（）

答案:3382mPa·sCharacteristicsofdust-settlingchamberare_____.降塵室的特點(diǎn)是______。（）

答案:Simplestructure,smallfluidresistance,butlargevolume,lowseparationefficiency結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，流體阻力小，但體積龐大，分離效率低Theproductivityofdust-settlingchamberdependson_____.降塵室的生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)度取決于_______。()

答案:Settlingareaandsettlingvelocityofthesmallestparticlethatcanbe100%removed沉降面積和能100%除去的最小顆粒的沉降速度Wheneverthereisatemperaturedifference,heatmustbetransferredfromthehightemperaturetothelowtemperature.凡是有溫度差存在時(shí)，熱就必然從高溫處傳遞到低溫處。（）

答案:對Themainpurposeofsettingbaffleinshellofshellheatexchangeristoincreasetheconvectiveheattransfercoefficient.在管殼式換熱器的殼程設(shè)置折流擋板主要目的是為了增加殼程的對流傳熱系數(shù)。（）

答案:對Thecorrectdescriptionofradiativeheattransferis.關(guān)于輻射傳熱的描述，正確的是。()

答案:Thermalradiationreferstotheradiationofelectromagneticwavescausedbythermalcauses熱輻射是指因熱的原因引起的電磁波的輻射###Thermalraysconsistmainlyofvisibleandinfraredlight熱射線主要由可見光線和紅外光線組成Intheone-dimensionalsteady-stateheatconductionprocessofthecylinderwall,whichoneinthefollowingstatementistrue？在圓筒壁的一維穩(wěn)態(tài)熱傳導(dǎo)過程中，下列說法正確的是.()

答案:Thetemperaturedifferenceonbothsidesofeachwallisproportionaltoitsthickness各層壁面兩側(cè)的溫差與其厚度成正比###Thetemperaturedifferenceonbothsidesofeachlayerwallisproportionaltoitslogarithmicmeandiameter各層壁面兩側(cè)的溫差與其對數(shù)平均直徑成正比Thecoldandhotfluidsarecounter-currentheatexchangersinthecasingheatexchangers.Theinletandoutlettemperaturesofhotfluidare100℃and60℃,andtheinletandoutlettemperaturesofcoldfluidare20℃and50℃,thentheaverageheattransfertemperaturedifferenceis.冷、熱流體在套管換熱器內(nèi)進(jìn)行逆流換熱。熱流體的進(jìn)、出口溫度為100℃何60℃，冷流體的進(jìn)出口溫度為20℃和50℃，則平均傳熱溫差為。()

答案:44.9℃Wenormallyprefergascompressiontobe_____,sothatitcanbedonemoreeasily.從簡易可操作性出發(fā)，我們通常希望希望氣體壓縮過程是_____。()

答案:isothermal恒溫的Increasingthetotalpowerofacentrifugalpumpwillmostlikelycausethedevelopedheadto_____.增大離心泵的總功率最有可能導(dǎo)致泵壓頭_____.()

答案:decrease下降Whichofthefollowingdevicesneedspriming?下列哪種設(shè)備在使用前須灌泵()

答案:Volutepump螺旋泵WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutflowmetersisFALSE?以下關(guān)于流量計(jì)的哪種說法是錯(cuò)誤的?()

答案:Inarotameter,thefloatreachesequilibriumwhendragforcebalancesitsgravity.在轉(zhuǎn)子流量計(jì)中，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子達(dá)到平衡態(tài)時(shí)，它所受的曳力與重力相平衡。Whichofthefollowingvalvesisanessentialpartofreciprocatingpumps?下列哪種閥門是容積泵的重要組成部分之一？()

答案:Checkvalve逆止閥Whichofthefollowingcorrectlylistsgas-movingdevicesinascendingorderintermsoftheirpower(ingeneral)?以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是按由小到大的順序?qū)怏w輸送設(shè)備的功率范圍加以排列的？()

答案:Fan＜Positive-displacementBlower＜Positive-displacementCompressor＜CentrifugalBlower＜CentrifugalCompressor風(fēng)機(jī)＜容積式鼓風(fēng)機(jī)＜容積式壓縮機(jī)＜離心式鼓風(fēng)機(jī)＜離心式壓縮機(jī)Aliquidflowisfirstdividedintothreeseparatepipeflowsandlatertheymergeintoasinglestreamagain.Inthisprocess,thetotalheadlossis_____.某股液流先分為三股，隨后又匯為一股。在此過程中，總壓頭損失為_____.()

答案:noneoftherest其他均不對Aliquidflowsfromapipeofdiameterintoapipeofdiameter.Theminorlosscoefficientis_____.某液體從直徑為D的管道流入直徑為2D的管道，其局部阻力系數(shù)K是_____.()

答案:9/16InaHagen-Poiseuilleflow,i.e.laminarpressure-drivenflowinacircularpipe,ifthepressuredropisdoubled,theaverageandmaximumvelocitieswill_____.在哈根-泊謖葉流中，當(dāng)壓降變?yōu)樵瓉淼膬杀稌r(shí)，流體的平均和最大速度會_____。()

答案:bothdouble均變?yōu)樵瓉?倍Afluidflowmaybelaminar,turbulentortransitional,dependingonits_____.流體流動(dòng)究竟是層流、過渡流還是湍流，取決于_____。()

答案:Reynoldsnumber雷諾數(shù)Boundarylayeroccursin_____.邊界層存在于_____。()

答案:laminar,transitionalandturbulentflows層流、湍流和過渡流中Thecontinuumhypothesisoffluidmechanicsassumesthatfluidcanbe_____.流體力學(xué)的連續(xù)性假設(shè)是說，流體可以_____。()

答案:dividedinfinitely被無限劃分Tosolveforthevelocitydistributionofaviscousflow,weshoulduse_____.對于黏性流體，欲求得其速度分布，應(yīng)該采用_____。()

答案:Navier-Stokesequation奈維-斯托克斯方程Thereadingofthevacuumgaugeindicatesthequantitythattheabsolutepressureofthemeasuredfluidislowerthantheatmosphericpressure,whichiscalled.真空表上的讀數(shù)表示被測流體的絕對壓強(qiáng)低于絕對壓強(qiáng)的讀數(shù)，稱為.（）。

答案:Vacuumdegree真空度Whentheabsolutepressureofthemeasuredfluidisgreaterthantheexternalatmosphe