新時(shí)代核心英語教程寫作1教學(xué)課件(U7)

oreurriculum新時(shí)代核心英語教程寫作1Sentenceexpansion—subordinationSentenceexpansion—subordination7UNITabsoluteconstruction獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)adjectiveclause形容詞從句adverbclause副詞從句adverbialclause狀語從句appositiveclause同位語從句attributiveclause定語從句complementaryclause補(bǔ)語從句danglingparticiple垂懸分詞gerund動(dòng)名詞KeyTermsinfinitive不定式nounclause名詞從句objectclause賓語從句participle分詞relativeadverb關(guān)系副詞relativepronoun關(guān)系代詞subjectclause主語從句subordinatingconjunction從屬連詞MainContentsExpandingsentenceswithsubordinationFunctionsofsubordinationMisuseofsubordinationTypesofsubordinationBalancebetweensubordinationandcoordinationDifficultPoints1.Understandthemeaningofsubordination.2.Learndifferenttypesofsubordination.TypesofsubordinationTypesofsubordinationTypesofsubordinationTherearemainlythreetypesofsubordination:thedependentclause,thephrase,andthesingleword.Generallyspeaking,anindependentclauseismoreemphaticthanadependentclause;adependentclauseismoreemphaticthanaphrase;andaphraseismoreemphaticthanasingleword.Dependentclause:TheBeltandRoad,whichistheshortenedformfor“theSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad,”isexpectedtoaccelerateeconomicgrowthacrosstheAsia-Pacificregion.TypesofsubordinationTherearemainlythreetypesofsubordination:thedependentclause,thephrase,andthesingleword.Generallyspeaking,anindependentclauseismoreemphaticthanadependentclause;adependentclauseismoreemphaticthanaphrase;andaphraseismoreemphaticthanasingleword.Phrase:TheBeltandRoad,theshortenedformfor“theSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad,”isexpectedtoaccelerateeconomicgrowthacrosstheAsia-Pacificregion.TypesofsubordinationTherearemainlythreetypesofsubordination:thedependentclause,thephrase,andthesingleword.Generallyspeaking,anindependentclauseismoreemphaticthanadependentclause;adependentclauseismoreemphaticthanaphrase;andaphraseismoreemphaticthanasingleword.Singleword:TheinnovativeBeltandRoadisexpectedtoaccelerateeconomicgrowthacrosstheAsia-Pacificregion.ThedependentclauseTheadverbialclauseAdverbialclausesaredependentclausesthatservethefunctionofadverbialsandstartwithsubordinatingconjunctionssuchasafter,before,until,when,sothat,andalthough.Anadverbialclauseusuallyoccursbeforeorafterthemainclause.WhenhewastoldthattheG20SummitwastobeheldinHangzhou,heimmediatelyappliedtobeavolunteer.Hedoesnotlikethefilmbecausehefindsitratherconfusing.ThedependentclauseTheadverbialclauseWhenanadverbialclausestartsasentence,itisusuallyfollowedbyacomma.Ifanewstormcomes,theroadwillbeclosed.ThedependentclauseTheadverbialclauseWhenanadverbialclausefollowsthemainclause,itcanbeseparatedwithacommaifitisnotessentialtothemeaningofthemainclause.Theroadisclosed(,)becauseanewstormiscoming.ThedependentclauseTheadverbialclauseSomecommonlyusedsubordinatingconjunctionsarelistedbelow:TypesExamplesTimeafter,until,since,as,when,whenever,whilePlacewhere,whereverConditionif,aslongas,providedthat,unless,onceReasonbecause,since,as,nowthatResultso,sothat,so…thatPurposesothat,inorderthat,lestManneras,asif,asthoughContrastwhile,whereasConcessionthough,although,evenif,eventhoughThedependentclauseTheadverbialclauseEllipticaladverbialclausesoftenbeginwithwhen,while,though,although,andsince.Completeclause:WhileIwasreading,Inoticedsomethingunusualintheroom.Ellipticalclause:Whilereading,Inoticedsomethingunusualintheroom.Completeclause:Althoughshewasinpoorhealth,shecontinuedtocarryoutherduties.Ellipticalclause:Althoughinpoorhealth,shecontinuedtocarryoutherduties.ThedependentclauseTheadjectiveclauseTheadjective(orattributive)clauseservesthefunctionofanadjectiveandisintroducedbyrelativepronounssuchaswho,which,thatorrelativeadverbssuchaswhen,where,andwhy.Hemovestothecity,wherejobsareeasiertofind.Themovie(which/that)yousawlastnightismyfavorite.ThedependentclauseTheadjectiveclauseThefollowingarethemainrelativepronounsandadverbsinEnglish:RelativepronounsthatwhowhosewhoeverwhomwhomeverwhichwhicheverRelativeadverbswherewhenwhyThedependentclauseTheadjectiveclauseWhenanadjectiveclauseisnon-restrictive,thatis,whentheclauseisnotessentialtothemeaningofthesentence,itshallbeseparatedfromthemainclausewithacomma.Non-restrictive:Hemovestothecity,wherejobsareeasiertofind.Restrictive:Hemovestothecitywherejobsareeasiertofind.ThedependentclauseThenounclauseAnounclausefunctionsasanounwithinasentence,sonounclausesincludesubjectclauses,objectclauses,complementaryclauses,andappositiveclauses.Objectclause:Hecouldn’timagine(that)thetruthofthewholematterwassocomplicated.Subjectclause:Thatshewillrefusetheofferseemsunlikely.Complementaryclause:MyplanisthatweflytoWashingtonbeforeFriday.Appositiveclause:Haveyouheardthenewsthatshehaswonthefirstprizeinthecontest?ThedependentclauseThenounclauseAccordingtowhatkindofintroductorywordsareused,nounclausescanmainlybeclassifiedintotwosubtypes:thoseintroducedbythedependentwordthatandthoseintroducedbywh-wordsandhow.Objectclause:Pleaseexplainwhythisisimpossible.Subjectclause:Whatisdonecannotbeundone.Complementaryclause:Thiscityisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Appositiveclause:Hecannotanswerthequestionwhyhehascomehere.ThedependentclauseThenounclauseWeshouldalwaysusethattointroduceanobjectclauseinwrittenlanguage,especiallywhentheverbandtheobjectclauseareseparatedbyaninterruption.Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.ThedependentclauseThenounclauseIftheverbofthemainclausehasmorethanoneobjectclause,theconjunctionthatshouldberepeatedbeforethesecondandthereforealltheotherobjectclauses.Iknowthathewaswrong,thathewasforcedtomakethismistake,andthathewassufferingfromself-accusation.ThephraseVerbalphrasesGerunds,infinitives,andparticiples,arenon-finiteverbsusedasnouns,adjectives,oradverbs.Likefiniteverbs,theymaytaketheirownobjects,complements,ormodifierstoformverbalphrases.Theinfinitive:Tomeetthechallengesofthemarket,thatcompanyadoptednewformsofmanagement.Thepastparticiple:Shockedbyterroristattacks,peopleinthisregionrosetodefendthemselves.ThephraseVerbalphrasesGerunds,infinitives,andparticiples,arenon-finiteverbsusedasnouns,adjectives,oradverbs.Likefiniteverbs,theymaytaketheirownobjects,complements,ormodifierstoformverbalphrases.Thepresentparticiple:Realizingtheimportanceoftraditionalculture,Chinaisnowworkingtoprotectherintangibleculturalheritage.Thegerund:Thetwopartieslookforwardtoestablishingfurthercooperation.ThephraseVerbalphrasesAlwaysavoiddanglingparticiplesorinfinitiveswhenwewriteverbalphrases.Rememberthatthelogicalsubjectoftheinfinitiveandtheparticipleisthesubjectofthesentence.Dangling:Tohaveagooddinner,ithastobepreparedforalongtime.Revised:Tohaveagooddinner,youhavetoprepareitforalongtime.Dangling:Walkingalongthebankofthelake,mymindwasfilledwithhappymemoriesofmychildhood.Revised:AsIwalkedalongthebankofthelake,mymindwasfilledwithhappymemoriesofmychildhood.ThephraseVerbalphrasesThesubjectofthegerundshouldalsobethesubjectofthesentence,unlessotherwisenoted.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Wouldyoumindhisopeningthewindow?ThephraseAppositivephrasesAnappositivephraseisusuallyanounoranounphrasethatrefersto,andhelpstoexplain,anothernoun.Itcancomebefore,within,orafterthemainclause.Before:Ahot-temperedman,fatherslappedmeonthefacewhenheheardthatIhadfailedintheNationalEntranceExamination.Within:Theninety-footstatuesofthreeConfederateleaders—JeffersonDavis,RobertE.Lee,andStonewallJackson—havebeencarvedinthefaceofStoneMountaininGeorgia.After:HaveyouwatchedthefilmTheFoundingofanArmy?ThephraseAppositivephrasesOccasionallyyoumayalsouseappositiveadjectivesratherthannounstoidentifyanoun.Thosechildren—selfish,deceitful,andcruel—wereevidenceoftheirparents’muddledsenseofvalues.ThephraseAbsolutephrasesTheabsoluteconstructionusuallyconsistsoftwoparts,anounorapronounjoinedwithaparticiple,alongwithanymodifyinginformation.Theabsolutephraseorabsoluteconstructioncancomebefore,within,oraftertheclauseitdependson.Before:Hisconfidencebroken,hedoubtedwhetherhecouldeveragainappearbeforetheaudience.Within:Theyoungman,handsfoldedunderhishead,waslyinginbedlisteningtoanewsong.After:OurcompanywillestablisheconomicpartnershipwithaUkrainiancompanynextmonth,theconditionbeingfavorable.ThephrasePrepositionalphrasesTheprepositionalphraseisoneofthemostfrequentlyusedtypesofsubordinateelements.Itusuallyfunctionsasanattributiveoranadverbialinasentence.Adverbial:Booksplayanirreplaceableroleinourlife,enlighteningourheartsandwideningourvision.Attributive:Childrenunder12yearsofagearenotallowedtoseethisfilm.Activity11.Morethan65millionpeopleintoday’sworldareforciblydisplaced.Therearesomanyviolentconflictsandnaturaldisasters.Morethan65millionpeopleintoday’sworldareforciblydisplacedbecausetherearesomanyviolentconflictsandnaturaldisasters/becauseofsomanyviolentconflictsandnaturaldisasters.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclauseorphrase.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.Activity12.In2015,overonemillionrefugeeshavemadetheirwaytotheEU.Refugeesaredisplacedpersonsandothermigrants.In2015,overonemillionrefugees—displacedpersonsandothermigrants—havemadetheirwaytotheEU.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclauseorphrase.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.Activity13.ManypeoplearriveintheEUafterdangerouslandorseajourneys.Alotofthesepeoplerequirebasichumanitarianassistancesuchasprovisionofcleanwater,healthcare,emergencyshelter,andlegalaid.ManypeoplearriveintheEUafterdangerouslandorseajourneys,alotofwhomrequirebasichumanitarianassistancesuchasprovisionofcleanwater,healthcare,emergencyshelterandlegalaid.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclauseorphrase.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.Activity14.TheEuropeanCommissionhastakenacomprehensiveapproachtotackletherefugeecrisis.TheEuropeanCommissionisdrawingonvarioustoolsandinstrumentsavailable.TheEuropeanCommissionhastakenacomprehensiveapproachtotackletherefugeecrisis,drawingonthevarioustoolsandinstrumentsavailable.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclauseorphrase.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.Activity15.AnemergencysupportfundingismadeavailabletoMemberStates.TheseMemberStates’ownresponsecapacitiesarealreadyoverwhelmedbyurgentandexceptionalcircumstances.AnemergencysupportfundingismadeavailabletoMemberStateswhoseownresponsecapacitiesarealreadyoverwhelmedbyurgentandexceptionalcircumstances.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclauseorphrase.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.FunctionsofsubordinationFunctionsofsubordinationFunctionsofsubordinationSubordinationdirectsreaders’attentiontotheideainthemainclausewhileatthesametimeusingtheideainthesubordinateclause(s)toprovidecontextandsupport.AssoonasIsawtheelephant,IknewthatIoughtnottoshootit.WhenIwasyoung,Iwasanaughtyboy.FunctionsofsubordinationSubordinationusuallycommunicatesrelationshipsamongideasmoreeffectivelythanagroupofseparatesentencesdoes.Comparethefollowingtwogroupsofsentences.Unclear:In1888,twocowboyshadtofightadangerousColoradosnowstorm.Theywerelookingforcattle.Theycametoacanyon.Theysawoutlinesofbuildingsthroughthesnow.Survivalthenseemedcertain.FunctionsofsubordinationSubordinationusuallycommunicatesrelationshipsamongideasmoreeffectivelythanagroupofseparatesentencesdoes.Comparethefollowingtwogroupsofsentences.Revised:In1888,twocowboyshadtofightadangerousColoradosnowstormwhiletheywerelookingforcattle.Whentheycametoacanyon,theysawoutlinesofbuildingsthroughthesnow.Survivalthenseemedcertain.FunctionsofsubordinationBesuretoselecttheappropriatesubordinatingconjunctiontoshowtheproperrelationbetweenthemainandsubordinateideas,andthechoiceofwhichideatosubordinatedependsonourintention.Time:While(shewasworking)onthefarm,shewroteherfirstnovel.Place:Wheretheroadforks,youwillfindaservicestation.Condition:Ifyouhadlistenedtohim,youwouldhavepassedTEM8.FunctionsofsubordinationBesuretoselecttheappropriatesubordinatingconjunctiontoshowtheproperrelationbetweenthemainandsubordinateideas,andthechoiceofwhichideatosubordinatedependsonourintention.Reason:Sinceyoumissedthedeadline,youwillhavetopayextrafees.Result:JohnsonfullyunderstandsChinasothathegotthejobofCEOoftheChineseDepartment.Purpose:ThechildrenarelearningclassicChinesesothattheycouldreadancientbooksandunderstandtraditionalculture.FunctionsofsubordinationBesuretoselecttheappropriatesubordinatingconjunctiontoshowtheproperrelationbetweenthemainandsubordinateideas,andthechoiceofwhichideatosubordinatedependsonourintention.Manner:Hebehavedsocalmlyasifnothinghadhappened.Contrast:ItwasmuchmorecomplicatedthanIbelieved.Concession:Althoughtheyfullyknewthedanger,theseworkerschosetostayatthenuclearpowerplantthreatenedbytheearthquake.Activity2Examplesentences:Iwilltakeoutthetrash.Iwillwalkthedog.Possibleanswers:A:IwilltakeoutthetrashafterIwalkthedog.B:IwillwalkthedogafterItakeoutthetrash.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclause.Thenreviseeachsentencesothatthesubordinateclausebecomesthemainclause.Payspecialattentiontohowthemeaningchangeswiththechangeoftherelationshipbetweenthesentences.Asampleisasfollows.Activity21.Blackbeardhasbeendeadforoverahundredyears.Hismoderncounterpartstyrannizetoday’sshippingcompanies.A:Blackbeard,whosemoderncounterpartstyrannizetoday’sshippingcompanies,hasbeendeadforoverahundredyears.B:ThemoderncounterpartsofBlackbeard,whohasbeendeadforoverahundredyears,tyrannizetoday’sshippingcompanies.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclause.Thenreviseeachsentencesothatthesubordinateclausebecomesthemainclause.Payspecialattentiontohowthemeaningchangeswiththechangeoftherelationshipbetweenthesentences.Asampleisasfollows.Activity22.Mr.Smithhasalotofteachingexperience.Hewillbejoiningusinthespring.A:Mr.Smith,whohasalotofteachingexperience,willbejoiningusinthespring.B:Mr.Smith,whowillbejoiningusinthespring,hasalotofteachingexperience.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclause.Thenreviseeachsentencesothatthesubordinateclausebecomesthemainclause.Payspecialattentiontohowthemeaningchangeswiththechangeoftherelationshipbetweenthesentences.Asampleisasfollows.Activity23.Ican’thelpadmiringtheman’scourage.Idonotapproveofhismethods.A:AlthoughIcan’thelpadmiringtheman’scourage,Idonotapproveofhismethods.B:AlthoughIdonotapproveofhismethods,Ican’thelpadmiringtheman’scourage.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclause.Thenreviseeachsentencesothatthesubordinateclausebecomesthemainclause.Payspecialattentiontohowthemeaningchangeswiththechangeoftherelationshipbetweenthesentences.Asampleisasfollows.Activity24.Jerrylosthistemper.Helosthisjob.A:WhenJerrylosthistemper,helosthisjob.B:WhenJerrylosthisjob,helosthistemper.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclause.Thenreviseeachsentencesothatthesubordinateclausebecomesthemainclause.Payspecialattentiontohowthemeaningchangeswiththechangeoftherelationshipbetweenthesentences.Asampleisasfollows.Activity25.Theraidersweresilentandstealthy.Noneoftheworkerseversawthem.A:Theraidersweresilentandstealthysothatnoneoftheworkerseversawthem.B:Becausetheraidersweresilentandstealthy,noneoftheworkerseversawthem.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclause.Thenreviseeachsentencesothatthesubordinateclausebecomesthemainclause.Payspecialattentiontohowthemeaningchangeswiththechangeoftherelationshipbetweenthesentences.Asampleisasfollows.Activity25.Theraidersweresilentandstealthy.Noneoftheworkerseversawthem.A:Theraiders,whomnoneoftheworkerseversaw,weresilentandstealthy.B:Noneoftheworkerseversawtheraiders,whoweresilentandstealthy.Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesbyconvertingoneofthesentencesintoasubordinateclause.Thenreviseeachsentencesothatthesubordinateclausebecomesthemainclause.Payspecialattentiontohowthemeaningchangeswiththechangeoftherelationshipbetweenthesentences.Asampleisasfollows.ExpandingsentenceswithsubordinationExpandingsentenceswithsubordinationExpandingsentenceswithsubordinationSubordinationisgenerallyusedtoshowthatonepartofasentenceissecondarytoanotherpart.Relativepronouns—suchaswho,that,what,andwhomever—usuallysignallessimportantelementsinasentence.Withoutrelativeclauses:Mycousinisanaccountant.Hehelpsmewithmanysuggestions.Thesesuggestionsallowmetotakeseveraldeductions.Thesedeductionsreducemyexpenseconsiderably.Withrelativeclauses:Mycousin,whoisanaccountant,helpsmewithmanysuggestionsthatallowmetotakeseveraldeductionsthatreducemyexpenseconsiderably.ExpandingsentenceswithsubordinationNotethattheplacementofasubordinatingconjunctioninrelationtotheclauseitintroducesmayaffectthemeaningofasentence.Shedidnoteatbecauseshewasangry.Shewasangrybecauseshedidnoteat.Whenthepolicearrived,thethievesranaway.Whenthethievesranaway,thepolicearrived.ExpandingsentenceswithsubordinationTomakeourexpressionnaturalandfocused,wecanconnectideasbyusingembeddingtechniques.Withoutembeddedelements:Shewassad.Shedidnotlookback.Shewenttowardtheseawall.Shewasoverwhelmedbyherburdenoffailureandsorrowandself-contempt.Withembeddedelements:Sadly,withoutlookingback,shewenttowardtheseawall,overwhelmedbyherburdenoffailureandsorrowandself-contempt.Combineeachgroupofsentencesintoonesentence,usingthetechniquesofexpandingyouhavelearnedinthissection.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.Activity31.HarvardUniversityisaprivateinstitution.Harvardwasfoundedin1636.HarvardislocatedinCambridge,Massachusetts.HarvardUniversity,aprivateinstitutionlocatedinCambridge,Massachusetts,wasfoundedin1636.Combineeachgroupofsentencesintoonesentence,usingthetechniquesofexpandingyouhavelearnedinthissection.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.Activity32.Harvardhasanextensivelibrarysystem.IthousestheoldestcollectionintheUnitedStates.Ithousesthelargestprivatecollectionintheworld.HarvardhasanextensivelibrarysystemwiththeoldestcollectionintheUnitedStatesandthelargestprivatecollectionintheworld.Combineeachgroupofsentencesintoonesentence,usingthetechniquesofexpandingyouhavelearnedinthissection.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.Activity33.FreshmenlivearoundtheHarvardYardatthecenterofthecampusforoneyear.Thentheyareplacedinoneofthe12undergraduatehouses.Theyaregoingtolivetherefortheremainingthreeyears.AfterlivingaroundtheHarvardYardatthecenterofthecampusforoneyear,freshmenareplacedinoneofthe12undergraduatehousesfortheremainingthreeyears.Combineeachgroupofsentencesintoonesentence,usingthetechniquesofexpandingyouhavelearnedinthissection.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.Activity34.Thereareseveralall-male“finalclubs.”Theclubsarenolongerrecognizedbytheuniversityasofficialstudentgroups.Theyserveassocialorganizationsforsomeundergraduatestudents.Theseveralall-male“finalclubs,”thoughnolongerrecognizedbytheuniversityasofficialstudentgroups,serveassocialorganizationsforsomeundergraduatestudents.Combineeachgroupofsentencesintoonesentence,usingthetechniquesofexpandingyouhavelearnedinthissection.Changethewordingwhennecessary.Theremaybemorethanonepossibility.Activity35.EightUSpresidentsgraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.OthernotablealumniincludeHenryDavidThoreau,HelenKeller,Yo-YoMaandTommyLeeJones.Harvardisrankingonthetopofthe2017editionofBestUniversitiesintheUnitedStates.WitheightUSpresidentsandothernotablealumnigraduatingfromHarvardCollege,includingHenryDavidThoreau,HelenKeller,Yo-yoMaandTommyLeeJones,Harvardisrankingontopofthe2017editionofBestUniversitiesintheUnitedStates.BalancebetweensubordinationandcoordinationBalancebetweensubordinationandcoordinationBalancebetweensubordinationandcoordinationMaturewritingsalwaysusesubordinationalongwithcoordinationtoconveyideaslogicallyandexpressively.Compound-complexsentences,forexample,combinecoordinationwithsubordination.AfterIreturnedtoschoolfollowingalongillness,themathteachergavemeamakeuptest,butthehistoryteachermademedrophercourse.Hisblueeyeswerelight,bright,andsparklingbehindhalf-moonedspectacles,andhisnosewasverylongandcrooked,asthoughithadbeenbrokenatleasttwice.BalancebetweensubordinationandcoordinationWeshouldvarysentencetypesinourwriting.Thatimprovesourabilitytoemphasizekeypoints.Asapaleoanthropologist—onewhostudiesthefossilsofhumanancestors—Iamsuperstitious.Manyofusarebecausetheworkwedodependsagreatdealonluck.Thefossilswestudyareextremelyrare,andquiteafewdistinguishedpaleoanthropologistshavegonealifetimewithoutfindingasingleone.Iamoneofthemorefortunate.BalancebetweensubordinationandcoordinationWeshouldvarysentencetypesinourwriting.Thatimprovesourabilitytoemphasizekeypoints.ThiswasonlymythirdyearinthefieldatHadar,andIhadalreadyfoundseveral.IknowIamlucky,andIdon’ttrytohideit.ThatiswhyIwrote“feelgood”inmydiary.WhenIgotupthatmorning,Ifeltitwasoneofthosedayswhenyoushouldpressyourluck.MisuseofsubordinationMisuseofsubordinationIllogicalsubordinationSubordinationisillogicalwhenthesubordinatingconjunctiondoesnotmakecleartherelationshipbetweenthemainandsubordinateclauses.Illogical:AsheisanAfricanAmerican,BarackHusseinObamawaselectedpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Revised:BarackHusseinObama,anAfricanAmerican,waselectedpresidentoftheUnitedStates.IllogicalsubordinationWecancorrectillogicalsubordinationbychangingthepositionofthesubordinatewordsorphrases.Illogical:Foreign-madegoodsarepopularwithAmericanconsumers,althoughtheirimportposesatleastashort-termthreattothelivelihoodofsomeAmericanworkers.Revised:Althoughforeign-madegoodsarepopularwithAmericanconsumers,theirimportposesatleastashort-termthreattothelivelihoodofsomeAmericanworkers.OveruseofsubordinationIfwehaveusedmorethantwosubordinatingconjunctionsorrelativepronounsinonesentence,weneedtocheckcarefullytoseeifourmeaningisclear.Overused:Anewtechniqueforeyesurgery,whichissupposedtocorrectnearsightedness,whichcouldbecorrectedonlybyglassespreviously,hasbeendeveloped,althoughmanydoctorsdonotapproveofitbecauseitcancreateunstableeyesight.however.OveruseofsubordinationIfwehaveusedmorethantwosubordinatingconjunctionsorrelativepr