中考一輪復(fù)習(xí)之賓語(yǔ)從句（教師版）

賓語(yǔ)從句精講精練賓語(yǔ)從句概念賓語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種，在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)之后的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句即句子作賓語(yǔ)，而不再是一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句分類動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句；形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句成分分析Rosesaidshewouldvisitussometimenextweek.露絲說她下星期某時(shí)會(huì)來看我們。主句從句(賓語(yǔ)從句)Couldyoutellmewhereheisfrom?你能告訴我他來自哪里嗎？主句從句(賓語(yǔ)從句)包含賓語(yǔ)從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句三要素考點(diǎn)1：引導(dǎo)詞的選用【1】陳述句的引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句在句中無詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成份，多數(shù)情況下可以省略。①IamgoingtomeetmynetfriendsinGuangzhou.Hesaid.→HesaidthathewasgoingtomeethisnetfriendsinGuangzhou.他說他將要在廣州見他的網(wǎng)友。②Iwillgotothecollegethenextyear.Hetoldme.→Hetoldthathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear.他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué).【2】一般疑問句的引導(dǎo)詞whether/if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但whether后可緊跟ornot；if/whether(是否)①Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithme?Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldliketoplaybasketballwithhim.他問我是否會(huì)和他去打籃球。②Isitafasttrainoraslowlyone?Iwantedtoknow.→Iwantedtoknowwhetheritwasafasttrainoraslowlyone.我想知道這是快車還是慢車。if,whether在賓語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別①介詞后一般不用if②whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.③避免歧異時(shí)，我們常用whether而不用if.④在不定式前只能用whether.Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下?！?】特殊疑問句的引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞。連接代詞:who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞在從句中主要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；what,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述。*Doyouknowwhohaswonthisgame?你知道誰(shuí)贏了這一局游戲嗎?*Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.我不知道你該依靠誰(shuí).*ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOknow.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.*Idon'tbelievewhateverhesaid.無論他說什么我都不信。*I'llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.請(qǐng)想要這票，我就把它給誰(shuí)。連接副詞：when,where,why,how等.連接副詞在從句中主要充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsureIwillpasstheexam.我確信我會(huì)通過考試.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在打擾你.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketshavebeensoldout.我發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的票都賣光了.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句用wh類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.考點(diǎn)2：語(yǔ)序(賓語(yǔ)從句中從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，即從句中的第1動(dòng)詞在主語(yǔ)之后）即：陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)（主+謂+連接詞+主+謂+其他成分）MaryknewthatTompassedthefinalexamlastweek.(主語(yǔ))(謂語(yǔ))(連接詞)(主語(yǔ))(謂語(yǔ))(賓語(yǔ))(其他成分)HeaskedJane:“Whydon’tyoue”?疑問語(yǔ)序(第1動(dòng)詞don’t在主語(yǔ)you之前)HeaskedJanewhyshedidn’telastnight.他問簡(jiǎn)恩為什么昨晚她不來。陳述語(yǔ)序(第1動(dòng)詞didn’t在主語(yǔ)you之后)特殊：引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變。Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.我想知道你怎么啦。Jackaskedmewhowouldgiveusthelecturethisafternoon.杰克問我誰(shuí)今天下午會(huì)給我們做報(bào)告。(who是引導(dǎo)詞，在賓語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞wouldgive的主語(yǔ)，本身己是陳述語(yǔ)序，不需再變。)習(xí)題：判斷下列句子哪些是正確語(yǔ)序？Idon’tknowwheresheis.()Idon’tknowwhereisshe.()Ican’tdecidewhenwillshee.()Ican’tdecidewhenshewille.()Doyouunderstandwhyshecries.()Doyouunderstandwhydoesshecry?()考點(diǎn)3：時(shí)態(tài)（主句從句在時(shí)態(tài)上要一致）(1)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))，從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)?！癑ohnspeakshighlyofyou.”Tomtellsme.→TomtellsmethatJohnspeakshighlyofme.湯姆告訴我約翰高度評(píng)價(jià)我。(主句用tells,是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句原時(shí)態(tài)是speaks,在這里還是用speaks)(2)主句是過去時(shí)(一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí))，從句只用過去某種相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)?！癢henshallwehavethemeeting?”Theboyasked.→Theboyaskedwhentheyshouldhavethemeeting.(主句用asked，是一般過去時(shí)，從句用相應(yīng)的某種過去時(shí)，這里shall→should)Hetoldmehewasgoodatplayingbasketball.(他和我說，他很擅長(zhǎng)打籃球。)Shesaidshewasworkingintheofficethattime.(她說她當(dāng)時(shí)正在辦公室工作。)(3)從句表示客觀真理或事實(shí)時(shí)，主句即使用過去時(shí)，從句仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Theteachertoldthestudents.→Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.老師告訴學(xué)生們地球繞著太陽(yáng)走。(主句用told為一般過去時(shí)，但從句中theearthgoesaroundthesun是客觀事實(shí)，所以時(shí)態(tài)還用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))Theearthmovesroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太陽(yáng)東升西落。Twoandtwomakesfour.二加二等于四。Theteachertolduslighttravelsfasterthansound.老師告訴我們光的速度比聲音快。（請(qǐng)注意賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)從句答題技巧(逐步排除法)1.先用語(yǔ)序判斷，再用時(shí)態(tài)求證，如有需要再用引導(dǎo)詞及意思去決定Everyonewantedtoknow_____yesterday.Couldyoutellus,Ann?Bybus.Itwastoofaraway.A.howoldareyouB.whereyouwillgoC.howyouwentthereD.whyyouwerelate先從語(yǔ)序判斷，把A給排除了，再用時(shí)態(tài)去求證，主句用wanted，是一般過去時(shí)，從句該用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，從這一點(diǎn)考慮，把B給排除了，用引導(dǎo)詞及意思判斷，她的答語(yǔ)是Bybus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。2.Couldyoutellme________?Justgostraight.It’sonyourright.A.wherethepostofficeisB.whereisthepostofficeC.wherethepostofficewasD.wherewasthepostoffice本題主要考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。我們可以從語(yǔ)序或者時(shí)態(tài)入手。從時(shí)態(tài)的角度來說，雖然主句couldyoutellme的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是could，但是could在此只是為了表達(dá)更加委婉的語(yǔ)氣，和一般過去時(shí)無關(guān)，而且從語(yǔ)意上講，很顯然問話人想知道現(xiàn)在郵局在哪兒，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)，在A、B兩項(xiàng)中選擇；再?gòu)恼Z(yǔ)序來看，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)序，符合的選項(xiàng)為A，故本題的正確答案為A。3.DoyouknowtheCapitalMuseum?NextMonday.A.whentheywillvisit B.whenwilltheyvisitC.whendidtheyvisit D.whentheyvisited本題主要考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。我們可以從語(yǔ)序或者時(shí)態(tài)入手。從語(yǔ)序方面來說，只有A、D兩項(xiàng)正確，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；由時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞nextMonday可以看出正確答案為A。課堂練習(xí)題根據(jù)句意，填寫合適的連接詞。1.Couldyoutellme________you'llgotoParis?Nextmonth.2.Areyougoingcampingthisafternoon?Atyphoonising.I'mnotsure_____theroadtothemountainswillbeclosed.3.Lookatthestonebridge!Doyouknow________itwasbuilt?—Inthe1860s.Itisquiteold.4.Whenyousetoutonyournewjourney,youshouldn'tforget________youcamefrom.5.Idon'tknow________hewilleornotthisafternoon.6.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_____________Icanbuysomethingtoeat?Thereisasupermarketahead.7.Mom,Iwonder______wecantravelabroad.—Maybeaftertheexam,baby.8.Shesaid_______________herauntlivedinShanghai.9.Didyouknow_______________Peterwas?Areporter.10.Hewassurprisedat_______________yousaidtohimyesterdayafternoon.11.Icouldn'tunderstand________________mywifewassoangry.12.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______IcangettotheMuseumofNaturalHistory?TakeNo.8Bus.13.I'mcallingtoknow__________thereisanyfoodleftintherefrigerator.Holdtheline,please.Letmehavealook.14.Doyouknow__________thefootballmatchwillbegin?It'llstartat9:00a.m.15.Myfathertoldmelight__________(travel)muchfasterthansound.參考答案：1.when2.if3.when4.where5.whether6.where7.when8.that9.what10.what11.why12.how13.if14.when15.travels二、填空題：用括號(hào)里的單詞正確形式填空。1.Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearhe__________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey__________at