Unit 6 Section B 知識(shí)講解和鞏固練習(xí) 人教版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)

Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountain【知識(shí)講解】1.finishdoing【講解】finish意為“完成，結(jié)束”，作及物動(dòng)詞，后可跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。常見固搭：finishsth.或finishdoingsth.。ex:Ifinishedmyhomeworkthismorning.我今天上午做完了作業(yè)。ex:Whendidyoufinishdrawingthepicture?你什么時(shí)候畫完那副畫的？ex:Canyoufinishreadingthisbooktomorrow?明天你能讀完這本書嗎？【拓展】能接v.-ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞還有：practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事keepdoingsth.一直做某事ex:Inmyclass,mostofthestudentsenjoysingingEnglishsongs.在我們班，大多數(shù)學(xué)生喜歡唱英語歌。ex:Doyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開窗戶嗎？2.finally【講解】finally是副詞，多修飾動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞，位置較靈活，可位于句中、句首或句尾，位于句中時(shí)，要放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。ex:Theyfinallyfoundthelostchild.他們終于找到了丟失的孩子。ex:Heworkedoutthemathproblemfinally.他終于解出了那道數(shù)學(xué)題。【拓展】finally;atlast和intheend的辨析：(1)finally強(qiáng)調(diào)在列舉論點(diǎn)時(shí)，引出最后一個(gè)內(nèi)容，有表示盼望已久的事情終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了的含義。側(cè)重最后的結(jié)果。ex:Theytalkedaboutitforhours,finallytheydecidednottogo.他們?yōu)榇擞懻摿藥讉€(gè)小時(shí)，最后決定不去了。(2)atlast強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過曲折后才達(dá)到目的。表示期待的感情更為強(qiáng)烈。側(cè)重指先后順序，并且在句中的位置較為靈活。ex:Whentheyfoundhimatlast,hewasalmostdead.當(dāng)他們最終找到他時(shí)，他幾乎死過去了。(3)intheend在強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過許多變化、困難之后才達(dá)到目的時(shí)，與atlast的用法一樣，且位置較為靈活。但在表示對(duì)將來的結(jié)局表示預(yù)測時(shí)，只能用intheend。ex:Hetriedmanydifferentjobs,andintheendhebecameapostman.他做過許多工作，最后當(dāng)了一名郵遞員。3.remind(1)remind是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“提醒、使某人想起”，經(jīng)常和介詞of連用，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語remindsb.ofsb./sth.＝remindsb.that＋從句，意思是“使某人想起某事或者某人”。ex:Doesthatsongremindyouofyourmother?那首歌使你想起你的媽媽嗎？(2)動(dòng)詞短語remindsb.todosth.的意思是“提醒某人做某事”。ex:Pleaseremindmetoreturnthebookstothelibrary.請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐野堰@些書還給圖書館。4.soundstupid【講解】sound在此是系動(dòng)詞，意為“聽起來”，后面接形容詞作表語。ex:Thesongsoundswonderful!那首歌聽起來太精彩了！ex:Themusicsoundsbeautiful.這首音樂聽起來很美?！就卣埂款愃苨ound用法的詞還有：feel(摸起來，感覺)；smell(聞起來)；look(看起來)；taste(品嘗)ex:Thefoodtastesdelicious.食物嘗起來很美味。ex:Ifeelsohappytoday.Mumwillbuymeanewbike.我今天很高興，媽媽要為我買新自行車。ex:Theoldmanlooksveryhappy.那個(gè)老人看起來很幸福。ex:Theseflowerssmellverysweet.這些花聞起來很香。ex:Thetomatoesfeelverysoft.這些西紅柿摸起來很軟?！咀⒁狻縮mell;look等系動(dòng)詞不同于系動(dòng)詞be，它們?cè)谧円蓡柧浠蚍穸ň鋾r(shí)不能簡單地提到主語之前或加not，而是要通過助動(dòng)詞do/does/did等來幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)。ex:Doesitsmellnice?它聞起來很好嗎？ex:Thechickendoesn’ttastegood.雞肉嘗起來不好。ex:Howdothechildrenlook?孩子們看起來怎么樣？5.getmarried【講解】(1)getmarried意為“結(jié)婚”。若問某人是否結(jié)婚，而不涉及結(jié)婚的對(duì)象，可用be/getmarried的形式，相當(dāng)于系表結(jié)構(gòu)?！菊`】Doyoumarry?/Haveyoumarried?【正】Areyoumarried?/Haveyougotmarried?(2)be/getmarriedtosb.意為“與某人結(jié)婚”。ex:Alicewasmarriedtoadoctorlastmonth.上個(gè)月愛麗絲和一位醫(yī)生結(jié)婚了?！就卣埂縨arry既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“結(jié)婚；嫁；娶；與……結(jié)婚等”。【常見用法】(1)marrysb.意為“與……結(jié)婚”。ex:JohnmarriedMarylastweek.上星期約翰和瑪麗結(jié)婚了。(2)marrysb.tosb.意為“把某人嫁給某人”。例如：ex:Shemarriedherdaughtertoabusinessman.她把女兒嫁給了一位商人。(3)marry一般不與介詞with連用。她和一位英國人結(jié)了婚?！菊`】ShemarriedwithanEnglishman.【正】ShemarriedanEnglishman.【正】Shewas/gotmarriedtoanEnglishman.6.alongalong作介詞，意為“沿著”，課本中的alongtheway意為“沿路”。ex:Therearetreesallalongtheroad.沿著這條路從頭到尾都有樹。【拓展】along；across與through的辨析：(1)along意為“沿著”，指沿著一條直線在水平方向上運(yùn)動(dòng)。ex:Isawhimrunningalongtheroad.我看見他正沿著這條路跑。(2)across意為“橫過，穿過”，主要表示從某物的表面橫過。ex:Hewalkedacrosstheroadcarefully.他小心地走過馬路。(3)through意為“橫過，穿過”，表示從某個(gè)空間或內(nèi)部穿過。ex:Hewalkedthroughtheforestalone.他獨(dú)自一人走過森林。7.bemadeof【講解】bemadeof意為“由……制成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成品中仍可以看出原材料。ex:Thedeskismadeofwoods.桌子是由木頭制成的?！就卣埂縝emade后接不同的介詞，具有不同的意義。(1)bemadefrom意為“用……制成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成品中看不出原材料。ex:Booksaremadefromwoods.書是由木頭制成的。(2)bemadein意為“由……制造（生產(chǎn)）”，強(qiáng)調(diào)生產(chǎn)地點(diǎn)，in后只接地點(diǎn)的名詞。ex:ThekindofwatchismadeinShanghai.這種手表是在上海制造的。(3)bemadeupof意為“由……組成”或“由……構(gòu)成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)由多種成分、團(tuán)體、成員或單位等組成或構(gòu)成。ex:Ourclassismadeupoftwenty-eightgirlsandsixteenboys.我們班由二十八個(gè)女孩和十六個(gè)男孩組成。(4)bemadeinto意為“把……制成……”，注意表示原材料的詞作句子的主語，表示制成品的詞作介詞into的賓語。ex:Glasscanbemadeintoallkindsofbeautifulthings.玻璃可以制成各種各樣漂亮的物品。8.Assoonasthemanfinishtalking,YuGongsaidthathisfamily…【講解】assoonas意為“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。ex:Pleasecallbackassoonasyouarrivehome.請(qǐng)你一到家，就給我回電。ex:I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere.我一到那兒就給你寫信。ex:AssoonasIwentin,Katherinecriedoutwithpleasure.一進(jìn)門，Katherine就高興的叫起來?！就卣埂縜ssoonas引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句前后時(shí)態(tài)搭配：(1)主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。ex:HewillcometomyhomeassoonashegetstoBeijing.他一到北京就來我家。(2)主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句也用一般過去時(shí)。ex:HetookouthisEnglishbookassoonashesatdown.他一坐下，就拿出他的英語書。9.Finally,agodwassomovedbyYuGongthathesenttwogodstotakethemountainsaway.【講解】so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”，此句型中，so是副詞，常用來修飾形容詞或副詞。常用句型為：主語+謂語+so+adj./adv.+that從句。ex:Ourteacherissokindthatallofuslikehim.我們的老師是如此好心以至于我們都喜歡他。ex:Herunssofastthatnobodyinmyclasscancatchupwithhim.他跑得那么快，我們班沒有人能追上他?！就卣埂俊叭绱恕灾劣凇?1)so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that從句=such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+that從句。ex:Itwassofineadayyesterdaythatweallwentoutforapicnic.=ex:Itwassuchafinedayyesterdaythatweallwentoutforapicnic.昨天天氣很好，我們都出去野餐了。(2)such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句。ex:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheteacherlikesthem.他們都是很好的學(xué)生，老師喜歡他們。ex:Itwassuchfineweatheryesterdaythatwewentswimming.昨天天氣很好，我們?nèi)ビ斡玖恕?3)當(dāng)that前的名詞有表示數(shù)量多少的many,much,few,little等修飾時(shí)，只能用so，不能用such。ex:Therewassomuchnoiseoutsidethatwecouldn’theartheteacher.外面嘈雜聲很大，以致我們不能聽到老師的話。ex:Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他跌了這么多的跤，以致全身青一塊、紫一塊的。10.Itdoesn’tseemverypossibletomoveamountain.【講解】seem此處作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“似乎；好像”，后跟形容詞作表語?？梢院蛃eemtobe轉(zhuǎn)換。ex:Heseemsveryangry.=Heseemstobeveryangry.他好像非常生氣?！就卣埂?1)“主語+seem+(tobe)+表語”，表語多為名詞或形容詞，以說明主語的特征或狀態(tài)。ex:Tomseems(tobe)averycleverboy.Tom看上去是一個(gè)非常聰明的男孩。ex:Mr.Blackseemedtobequitehappy.Black先生好像十分快樂。(2)“主語+seem+不定式”，此句型中，seem與不定式一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。ex:Mrs.Greendoesn’tseemtoliketheidea.格林夫人似乎不太喜歡這個(gè)主意。ex:Thechildrenseemedtobeeatingsomethingintheroom.孩子們好像正在房間里吃東西呢。(3)“Itseems+that從句”，其中it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句。ex:Itseemsthatnooneknowswhathashappenedinthepark.似乎沒有人知道在公園里發(fā)生了什么事。ex:ItseemstomethatMr.Brownwillnotcomeagain.在我看來布朗先生不會(huì)再來了。(4)“There+seemtobe+名詞”，tobe可省略，seem的單復(fù)數(shù)要由后面的名詞決定。ex:Theredoesn’tseemtobemuchhopeofourbeatingthatteam.看來我們戰(zhàn)勝那個(gè)隊(duì)沒有多大希望。ex:Thereseemsnoneedtowaitlonger.看來沒有再等的必要了。12....what’spossibleunlessyoutrytomakeithappen.unless是連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“除非……；如果不……；除了……”，常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定意義的真實(shí)條件句，有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句。unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。主要用于下列情況：(1)主句為肯定句：ex:Youwillmissthebusunlessyouhurryup.你要不快點(diǎn)就會(huì)錯(cuò)過班車。ex:You’llfailinchemistryagainunlessyouworkharder.如果你不再加把勁，你化學(xué)考試還會(huì)不及格。(2)主句為否定句：ex:Onecan’tlearnaforeignlanguageunlesshestudieshard.不下苦功夫是學(xué)不好外語的。ex:IwillnotgounlessIhearfromhim.如果我不收到他的來信，我就不去?！就卣埂縰nless與if…not的辨析：unless與if…not都表否定，連接條件狀語從句時(shí)，通常可互換。I’llgothereunlessitrains.=I’llgothereifitdoesn’train.13.Didyouhearourstepmotherplanningtokillus?【講解】hearsb.doingsth.表示“聽到某人正在做某事（正在進(jìn)行）”。ex:IheardhimsingingwhenIwalkedpasttheshop.昨天我路過商店時(shí)，聽見他正在唱歌。【拓展】(1)hearsb.dosth.表示“聽到某人經(jīng)常做某事或做某事的全過程（已完成）”。ex:Iusuallyhearsomeonesinginherroom.我經(jīng)常聽到有人在她房間里唱歌。(2)hearof意為“聽說”，后面接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞。ex:Ihaveneverheardofhim.我從來沒有聽說過他。(3)hearfromsb.意為“收到某人的來信”，與receivealetterfromsb.意思相同。ex:Iheardfrommymotheryesterday.=Ireceivedaletterfrommymotheryesterday.【鞏固練習(xí)】一、英漢互譯。1.assoonas_________________________2.完成做某事_________________________3.繼續(xù)做某事_________________________4.如此...以至于..._________________________5.某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間_________________________6.turn...into..._________________________7.使某人做某事_________________________8.沒有時(shí)間做某事_________________________9.makeadress_________________________10.fallinlovewith_________________________11.停止做某事_________________________12.makesth+adj._________________________13.allovertheworld _________________________14.onceuponatime_________________________15.makeaplantodosth_________________________16.comewithsb_________________________17.assoonas_________________________18.似乎很可能_________________________19.結(jié)婚_________________________20.聽起來愚蠢_________________________21.becauseof_________________________22.hearsb.doingsth._________________________二、根據(jù)句意及首字母和漢語提示寫出所缺單詞。1.Thanksforyourgift,itr___________meofyou.2.Ifyouwanttoshowyourkindness,youcan________(微笑)atothers.3.TheMonkeyKingalwaystriestofightbadpeopleandhelpthew____________.4.Shespentthe__________(整個(gè)的)eveningfinishingthetask.5.Hows__________youare!Thequestionisveryeasy.6.Itnotrightto__________(欺騙)others.7.Look,thesuniss__________throughthewindow.8.Theshirtdoesnot___________(適合)me.It’stoolargeforme.9.Theb________boysavedalittlegirlbyjumpingintothecoldriver.10.Themanaskedhisgirlfriendto_________(嫁)him.三、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Insome_________(west)countries,thesongisverypopular.2.TheT-shirtis________(make)ofcotton.3.WhenIpassedtheclassroomlastnight,Iheardsomeone________(talk)loudly.4.AftergraduationfromtheUniversity,hegot_________(marry)toagirl.5.Heonlylaughedatusinsteadof__________(give)usahand.6.Onceuponatime,there_________(be)anoldmannamedYuGong.7.Weplan________(go)outforapicnicnextweekend.8.Theboywas_________(lose)andhecouldn’tfindhismother.9.He________(call)meassoonashearrivesinBeijing.10.Hehad__________(such)manyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.四、根據(jù)漢語提示，完成英語句子（每空一詞）。1.我喜歡這些照片，它們能使我想起鄉(xiāng)下的生活。Ilikethesephotosandtheycan_______me________thelifeinthecountry.2.他們將在下個(gè)星期六結(jié)婚。Theywill___________________nextSaturday.3.我去是去，可是得晚一點(diǎn)。I’mcertainlygoing,butI’llbe_____________________________late.4.我1985年出生。I__________________in1985.5.這件外套不適合你。Thiscoat_________________________you.6.如果我不做，我們就會(huì)迷路。_________Ido,we’llbelost.7.人類是世界上最聰明的生物。Humanbeingarethemostcleverlivingcreaturein__________________________.8.這臺(tái)機(jī)器是金屬制造的。Themachine________________________metal.9.彼得太累了以至于直到八點(diǎn)半才醒來。Peterwassotiredthathe___________________