浙江省衢州市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期6月期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

衢州市2024年6月高二年級(jí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試卷英語(yǔ)考生須知：1.全卷分試卷和答題卷?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卷上交。2.試卷共10頁(yè)，分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。3.請(qǐng)將答案做在答題卷的相應(yīng)位置上，寫(xiě)在試卷上無(wú)效。第Ⅰ卷第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍?，F(xiàn)在你有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀第一小題的有關(guān)內(nèi)容。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Makeaphonecall.B.Gotoseeamovie.C.Meetafriend.2.Howdidthewomancommunicatewithherfriend?A.Sheemailedthem.B.Shewrotetothem.C.Shemessagedthem.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atahairdresser’s.B.Atalibrary.C.Atatailor’s.4.Whydidthewomancleanthefloorlastnight?A.Therewascoffeeonit.B.Workersleftpaintonit.C.Someonespilledsouponit.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Decoratinganapartment.B.Findinganewapartment.C.Livingwithotherpeople.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whichpicturehasalreadybeenchosenbythewoman?A.Apictureofhercousin.B.Apictureofhermother.C.Apictureofanoldman.7.Wherewasthepictureofthewoman’smothertaken?A.Inafashionshow.B.Inthepark.C.Inhergarden.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatinspiresthewomantothinkaboutlivingontheMoon?A.News.B.Scientificstudies.C.Movies.9.WhatdoesthemanthinkwillbesuppliedtotheMooncontinually?A.Oxygen.B.Water.C.Food.10.Whatisthewoman’sfinalideaaboutlivinginouterspace?A.Sheisexcitedaboutthepossibility.B.Sheneedstimetothinkaboutit.C.ShepreferstostayonEarth.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.WhatjobdidMichaelprobablydointhepast?A.Teaching.B.Writing.C.Advertising.12.WhydoesMichaelenjoyhislifenow?A.Helivesclosertoworkplace.B.Hehasmorechoices.C.Hegetspaidmore.13.WhatdoesMichaelbelieveistherightthingtodo?A.Workinginacompanytodothesamethings.BStayingathomealldaywithoutdoinganything.C.Contributingtothecommunitythroughhiswork.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhathappenedtoMr.Brown’scellphone?A.Heturneditoff.B.Itranoutofpower.C.Hechangedhisnumber.15.WhydoesMr.BrownneedtogetontheflighttoTorontotoday?A.Hehasajobinterview.B.Hehasabusinessmeeting.C.Heisgoingbacktohiscompany.16.WhyhasthewomanbeencallingMr.Brown?A.Tochangehistickettothefirstclass.B.Toinformhimaboutachangeinflighttime.C.Totellhimhiscompanydidnotpayforhisflight.17.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Airportcrewandpassenger.B.Interviewerandinterviewee.C.Bossandemployee.聽(tīng)第10段獨(dú)白,回答第18至20題。18.Whatwastheman’slifelikebeforetheageof40?A.Heoftenwenttothegym.B.Heatewhateverhewanted.C.Hetookgoodcareofhimself..19.Whatcausedtheman’sheadacheaccordingtothedoctor?A.Highbloodpressure.B.Lackofexercise.C.Eatingtoomuch.20.Whatchangedidthemanmakeafterheturned40?A.Givingupchocolate.B.Exercisingregularly.C.Startingtotakepills.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWe’vegatheredupsomefunthingstodoinDCthisholidayweekend.DCHistoryConferenceLearnaboutthehistoryofthenation’scapitalforfreebyattendingthiscommunityconferencethatconsidersthecity’spast,presentandfuture.Theeventcelebratesits50thanniversarythisyearandprovidesastimulatingforumfororiginalresearchonDC.Saturday|FreeAdmissionMartinLutherKing,Jr.MemorialLibrary,901GStreetNW,Washington,DC20001LittleShopofHorrorsOriginallyasci-fi/horrorcomedyfilmreleasedin1960,LittleShopofHorrorsthenbecameanoff-Broadwaymusicalintheearly1980s.Yetanotherfilmadaptationfollowedafewyearslater,showinghowthistimelessstoryofafloralshopassistantandhissinging,deadlyplantwillalwaysamazeaudiences.ThehistoricFord’sTheatrerevivesthedynamicproductionduringitsupcomingspringseason.MakesuretousecodeDDCSHOP20for.20%offyourticketstotheshow(validforMarch16-April6&May1-18;limittwoticketsperpurchase)!DCDefendersvs.HoustonRoughnecksTheUnitedFootballLeague——anewleaguefoundedthroughacombinationoftheXFLandtheUSFL—kicksoffinDC.TheDefendersplayhomegamesatAudiFieldandfeaturequitepossiblythebestteamthenewfootballleaguehastooffer.Prepareforhard-hitting,fast-pacedactiononthefieldastheHoustonRoughneckscometotown.4p.m.Sunday|Tickets$27-$182AudiField,100PotomacAvenueSW,Washington,DC200241.Wherecouldahistoryfangothisweekend?A.MartinLutherKing,Jr.MemorialLibrary. B.Ford’sTheatre.C.BroadwayTheatre. D.AudiField.2.WhatmakesLittleShopofHorrorsspecial?A.Itwasoriginallyasci-fi/horrortragedyfilmin1960.B.ItwasadaptedfromaBroadwaymusicalinthe1980s.C.Ithasattractedmanygenerationsformorethan60years.D.Itfeaturesthestoryofafloralshopownerandhisassistants.3.WhatistheUFLaccordingtothetext?A.Astadiumhostingfootballgames. B.Anewlyfoundedfootballleague.C.ThenameofafootballteaminDC. D.Thenameofaticketsellingcompany.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章備注要介紹本周周末的一些活動(dòng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由DCHistoryConference中“Learnaboutthehistoryofthenation’scapitalforfreebyattendingthiscommunityconferencethatconsidersthecity’spast,presentandfuture.Theeventcelebratesits50thanniversarythisyearandprovidesastimulatingforumfororiginalresearchonDC.(參加這個(gè)考慮城市過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)的社區(qū)會(huì)議，免費(fèi)了解國(guó)家首都的歷史。該活動(dòng)今年慶祝成立50周年，為DC的原創(chuàng)研究提供了一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的論壇。)”可知，在MartinLutherKing,Jr.MemorialLibrary參加DCHistoryConference可以了解這地方的歷史，適合歷史迷參加。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由LittleShopofHorrors中“Originallyasci-fi/horrorcomedyfilmreleasedin1960,LittleShopofHorrorsthenbecameanoff-Broadwaymusicalintheearly1980s.Yetanotherfilmadaptationfollowedafewyearslater,showinghowthistimelessstoryofafloralshopassistantandhissinging,deadlyplantwillalwaysamazeaudiences.(《LittleShopofHorrors》最初是一部1960年上映的科幻/恐怖喜劇電影，后來(lái)在20世紀(jì)80年代初成為非百老匯音樂(lè)劇。幾年后，又有一部改編電影上映，展示了一位花店店員和他那致命的植物的永恒故事如何總是讓觀眾感到驚訝。)”可知，LittleShopofHorrors從1960年興盛到現(xiàn)在，所以60多年來(lái)，它吸引了許多代人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由DCDefendersvs.HoustonRoughnecks中“TheUnitedFootballLeague——anewleaguefoundedthroughacombinationoftheXFLandtheUSFL—kicksoffinDC.(聯(lián)合足球聯(lián)賽——一個(gè)由XFL和USFL合并而成的新聯(lián)賽——在華盛頓拉開(kāi)帷幕。)”可知，UFL是一個(gè)新成立的足球聯(lián)賽。故選B項(xiàng)。BAsmywifeputsit,“Animalshaveovertakenourlives.”IwasontheairlastweekwhenDaisy,ourdog,ateabittersweetchocolatebarheartily.Wehidechocolatefromher;itcanbedangerousfordogs.ButDaisyistheHerculePoirotofhiddensweets.Anemptywrapperinhermouthtoldthetale.OurfamilyrushedDaisytoavetclinic,where——well,I’llspareyouthedetails.Daisyisfinenow,butourheartsarejustrestarting.Wearealsocaringforahuge,whitecatwe’venamedGatoBlanco.Heclawsfurnitureonhishind(后部)legs,likeCatzillatearingdownaTokyobridge.Everychairinourapartmentisnowcoveredwithsheets,towels,orplasticwrap.Wekeepawindowopen,nomattertheweather,becauseoneofourdaughtersisallergictocats.ButshewantstokeepGatoclose,evenasheknocksphotos,flowers,pensandmymicrophoneofftables,withasmartforehand.Ourfelinelodger(貓科房客)alsoclimbedontoaplanteroutsideourapartmentandstrolledovertotheothersideofthebuilding,sevenfloorsup.IsthatSpider-Man?No-it’sGato!Daisythedogsitsbeneathourdinnertable,quiveringandblinkingherlarge,dewyeyes.Someofusmayletafewpiecesoffoodfallherwayfromtimetotime.Wecan’tlethergettooexcited,though,becauseshehasatendencyto...well,moredetailstospare.Wekeeptowelshandyforsuchepisodesofexcitement.GatoBlanco,meanwhile,leapsontoourtable.Butnottoeat,justtohangwiththecoolkids,ourdaughters.“Hey,howwasyourday,”Iimaginehimsaying.“Wegonnawatchsomethingafterdinner?”O(jiān)urfamilymaycomplainaswesneeze,mop,andsearchthefloorforourmissingpens.Butwealsoholdouranimalscloseastheyhelpuslaugh,marvel,andcareforthem,andforeachother.Ourliveshavebeenovertakenbyouranimals.Andwe’rehavingatroublesomeandwonderfultime.4.WhatdoweknowaboutDaisy?A.Sheisallergictocats. B.Shehasaheartproblem.C.Shedoesn’tgetexcitedeasily. D.Sheisgoodatfindingsweets.5.WhatcanGatodo?A.FlylikeSpider-Man. B.Makeamessoftheroom.C.Talklikearealhuman. D.TeardownaTokyobridge.6.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribethewriter’sfeelingtowardstheiranimals?A.Bittersweet. B.Concerned. C.Content. D.Depressed.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Towarnreadersagainstkeepingpetsathome.BTogiveadviceonwhatspeciesofanimalstobuy.C.Tosharetheirstoriesandfeelingsaboutkeepingpets.D.Toentertainreaderswithdarkhumourjokesaboutpets.【答案】4D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者家中的兩只寵物——狗Daisy和貓GatoBlanco的趣事，以及他們給家庭生活帶來(lái)的麻煩和樂(lè)趣。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ButDaisyistheHerculePoirotofhiddensweets.Anemptywrapperinhermouthtoldthetale.”（但是Daisy在找隱藏的糖果方面就像赫爾克勒·波洛。她嘴里的空包裝紙說(shuō)明了一切。）可知，Daisy擅長(zhǎng)找糖果。故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ButshewantstokeepGatclose,evenasheknocksphotos,flowers,pensandmymicrophoneofftables,withasmartforehand.”（即使GatoBlanco用聰明的前腳把照片、花、筆和我的麥克風(fēng)從桌子上打落，她還是想讓GatoBlanco靠近。）可知，GatoBlanco會(huì)把房間弄得一團(tuán)糟。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ourfamilymaycomplainaswesneeze,mop,andsearchthefloorforourmissingpens.Butwealsoholdouranimalscloseastheyhelpuslaugh,marvel,andcareforthem,andforeachother.Ourliveshavebeenovertakenbyouranimals.Andwe’rehavingatroublesomeandwonderfultime.”（我們家人可能會(huì)在打噴嚏、拖地和尋找丟失的筆時(shí)抱怨。但我們也會(huì)把我們的動(dòng)物抱得緊緊的，因?yàn)樗麄儙椭覀冃?，讓我們驚嘆，照顧他們，互相照顧。我們的生活已經(jīng)被我們的動(dòng)物占據(jù)了。我們過(guò)得既麻煩又美好。）可知，作者對(duì)他們的動(dòng)物有著苦樂(lè)參半的感情。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Asmywifeputsit,“Animalshaveovertakenourlives.””（正如我妻子所說(shuō)，“動(dòng)物已經(jīng)主宰了我們的生活?！保┮约拔恼伦詈笠欢巍癘urfamilymaycomplainaswesneeze,mop,andsearchthefloorforourmissingpens.Butwealsoholdouranimalscloseastheyhelpuslaugh,marvel,andcareforthem,andforeachother.Ourliveshavebeenovertakenbyouranimals.Andwe’rehavingatroublesomeandwonderfultime.”（我們家人可能會(huì)在打噴嚏、拖地和尋找丟失的筆時(shí)抱怨。但我們也會(huì)把我們的動(dòng)物抱得緊緊的，因?yàn)樗麄儙椭覀冃Γ屛覀凅@嘆，照顧他們，互相照顧。我們的生活已經(jīng)被我們的動(dòng)物占據(jù)了。我們過(guò)得既麻煩又美好。）可知，短文的主要目的是分享他們養(yǎng)寵物的故事和感受。故選C。CStudentshavesubmittedmorethan22millionpapersthatmayhaveusedgenerativeAIinthepastyear,newdataprovidedbyplagiarism(剽竊)detectioncompanyTurnitinshows.Ayearago,TurnitinintroducedanAIwritingdetectiontoolthatwastrainedonitsdatabaseofpaperswrittenbystudentsaswellasotherAl-generatedtexts.Turnitinfoundthat11percentofthesubmissionsmaycontainAI-writtenlanguagein20percentofitscontent,with3percentofthetotalpapersreviewedhaving80percentormoreAIwriting.ChatGPT’slaunchwasmetwithfearsthattheEnglishclassessaywoulddie.Thechatbotcanprocessinformationnear-instantly——butthatdoesn’tmeanitalwaysgetsitright.GenerativeAIhasbeenknowntocreateitsownfactsandciteacademicreferencesthatdon’tactuallyexist.GenerativeAIchatbotshavealsobeencaughtproducingdiscriminatory(歧視性的)textongenderandrace.Despitethosedisadvantages,studentshaveusedchatbotsforresearch,andorganizingideas.Tracesofchatbotshaveevenbeenfoundinpublishedacademicwriting.DetectingtheuseofgenerativeAIistricky.It’snotaseasyasmarkingplagiarism,becausegeneratedtextisstilloriginaltext.Plus,there’saslightdifferencetohowstudentsusegenerativeAI;somemayaskchatbotstowritetheirpapersfortheminlargepartsorinfull,whileothersmayusethetoolsasanaidorabrainstormpartner.Detectiontoolsthemselveshaveariskofdiscrimination.Englishlanguagelearnersmaybemorelikelytosetthemoff;a2023studyfounda61.3percentfalsepositiveratewhenevaluatingTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage(TOEFL)examswithsevendifferentAIdetectors.“Thisishard.Iunderstandwhypeoplewantatool,”saysEmilyIsaacs,executivedirectoroftheOfficeofFacultyExcellenceatMontclairState.ButIsaacssaystheuniversityisconcernedaboutpotentiallydiscriminatoryresultsfromAIdetectors,aswellasthefactthatthetoolscan’tprovideconfirmationthewaytheycanwithplagiarism.8.WhatdidTurnitinfind?A.AllsubmittedpaperswerewrittenbygenerativeAI.B.AIwrote80%ofthecontentofthepaperstheyhadcollected.C.AIcouldonlybeusedtoimprovelanguageinsteadofcontentofpapers.D.AImayhavecreatedonefifthofthecontentamong11%ofthesubmittedpapers.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutgenerativeAI?A.Itsometimesproducesdiscriminatorycontent.B.ItwillsurelyleadtothedeathofEnglishclassessays.C.It’sgettingpopularforitsaccuracyandquickresponse.D.Ithasbeenofficiallyacceptedinpublishedacademicwriting.10.WhatdoParagraphs4-5mainlyfocuson?A.Thewaystodetectplagiarisminpaperwriting.B.Thechallengesofusingplagiarismdetectiontools.C.Thedifferencesbetweenplagiarismandoriginalwriting.D.TheadvantagesofapplyingAIdetectorstofightingplagiarism.11.HowdoesEmilyIsaacsrespondtotheuseofdetectiontools?A.Shesupportsit. B.She’sagainstit.C.Shedoesn’tcare. D.She’scautious.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述在過(guò)去一年里，學(xué)生們提交了超過(guò)2200萬(wàn)篇可能使用了生成人工智能的論文。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Turnitinfoundthat11percentofthesubmissionsmaycontainAI-writtenlanguagein20percentofitscontent,with3percentofthetotalpapersreviewedhaving80percentormoreAIwriting.(Turnitin發(fā)現(xiàn)，11%的投稿可能在20%的內(nèi)容中包含人工智能書(shū)面語(yǔ)言，在審查的論文總數(shù)中，3%的論文包含80%或更多的人工智能文字。)”可知，人工智能可能在提交的11%的論文中創(chuàng)造了五分之一的內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“GenerativeAIchatbotshavealsobeencaughtproducingdiscriminatory(歧視性的)textongenderandrace.(一代又一代的人工智能聊天機(jī)器人也被發(fā)現(xiàn)在性別和種族方面制作歧視性文本。)”可知，生成人工智能有時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧視性內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第四段“DetectingtheuseofgenerativeAIistricky.It’snotaseasyasmarkingplagiarism,becausegeneratedtextisstilloriginaltext.Plus,there’saslightdifferencetohowstudentsusegenerativeAI;somemayaskchatbotstowritetheirpapersfortheminlargepartsorinfull,whileothersmayusethetoolsasanaidorabrainstormpartner.(檢測(cè)生成人工智能的使用是很棘手的。這并不像標(biāo)記抄襲那么容易，因?yàn)樯傻奈谋救匀皇窃嘉谋尽４送?，學(xué)生使用生成人工智能的方式略有不同；有些人可能會(huì)要求聊天機(jī)器人為他們撰寫(xiě)論文的大部分或全部，而另一些人可能會(huì)將這些工具用作幫助或集思廣益的伙伴。)”以及第五段“Detectiontoolsthemselveshaveariskofdiscrimination.Englishlanguagelearnersmaybemorelikelytosetthemoff;a2023studyfounda61.3percentfalsepositiveratewhenevaluatingTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage(TOEFL)examswithsevendifferentAIdetectors.(檢測(cè)工具本身就有被歧視的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者可能更容易引起他們的興趣；2023年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在使用七種不同的人工智能檢測(cè)器評(píng)估托?？荚嚂r(shí)，假陽(yáng)性率為61.3%。)”可知，這兩段主要講使用剽竊檢測(cè)工具的挑戰(zhàn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“‘Thisishard.Iunderstandwhypeoplewantatool,’saysEmilyIsaacs,executivedirectoroftheOfficeofFacultyExcellenceatMontclairState.ButIsaacssaystheuniversityisconcernedaboutpotentiallydiscriminatoryresultsfromAIdetectors,aswellasthefactthatthetoolscan’tprovideconfirmationthewaytheycanwithplagiarism.(蒙特克萊爾州立大學(xué)學(xué)院卓越辦公室執(zhí)行主任EmilyIsaacs說(shuō)，‘這很難，我理解人們?yōu)槭裁聪胍粋€(gè)工具。’但I(xiàn)saacs表示，該大學(xué)擔(dān)心人工智能檢測(cè)器可能產(chǎn)生的歧視性結(jié)果，以及這些工具無(wú)法像對(duì)待抄襲那樣提供確認(rèn)的事實(shí)。)”可知，Isaacs對(duì)檢測(cè)工具的使用持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)。DArecentstudybyUCLAHealthdiscoveredthatwomenwhofeellonelyshowbrainactivityinareaslinkedtocravingsandthedrivetoeat,particularlywhenviewingimagesofhigh-caloriefoodslikesugarytreats.Thesewomenalsodisplayedunhealthyeatinghabitsandsufferedfrompoormentalhealth.ArpanaGupta,Ph.D.,aresearcherandco-directoroftheUCLAGoodman-LuskinMicrobiomeCenter,wantedtoresearchthenegativeimpactsofloneliness,especiallyaspeoplecontinuetobeworkingremotelyaftertheCOVID-19pandemic,andhowthebraininteractswithsocialisolation,eatinghabits,andmentalhealth.Whileitisestablishedthatobesityislinkedtodepressionandanxietyandthatovereatingisunderstoodtobeacopingmechanism(機(jī)制)againstloneliness,Guptawantedtoobservethebrainpathwaysassociatedwiththesefeelingsandbehaviors.Theresearcherssurveyed93womenabouttheirsupportsystemandtheirfeelingsoflonelinessandisolation,thenseparatedthemintotwogroups:thosewhoscoredhighontheperceivedsociallonelinessscale,andthosewhoscoredlow.Theresearchersfoundthatwomenwhohadhigherlevelsofsociallonelinesstendedtohavehigherfatmass,lowerdietquality,reward-basedeating,anduncontrolledeating,andincreasedlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Thewomenwerethenshownpicturesoffoodversusnon-food,sweetfoodversusnon-food,andsavoryfoodversusnon-food.MRIscansrecordedtheparticipants’brainactivitywhiletheyviewedtheseimages.Theresearchersfoundthatthegroupofwomenwhoperceivedthemselvestobelonelyexperiencedincreasedactivationinregionsofthebrainassociatedwithgreaterdrivetoeatsugaryfoods,anddecreasedactivationinthebrainregionassociatedwithself-controltowardeatingbehaviors.“Thesefindingsareinterestingbecauseitprovidesevidenceforwhatweintuitively(直覺(jué)地)know,”Guptasaid.“Whenpeoplearealoneorlonely,itimpactsmorethanhowtheyarefeeling;theyunderreportwhattheyeat,andtheirdesiretoeatunhealthyfoods.”12.Whichwordisclosestinmeaningto“craving”inParagraph1?A.Desire. B.Willingness. C.Discipline. D.Ambition.13.What’sthefunctionofParagraph2?A.Providingearlierresearchresults.B.Explainingtheresearchmethods.C.Introducingtheresearchbackground.D.Tellingthesignificanceoftheresearch.14.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmatchesthefindingsofthisresearch?A.Thelonelierwomenfeel,thelesstheyeat.B.Obesityislinkedtodepressionandanxiety.C.Lonelinesscandrivewomentoeatmoresugaryfood.D.Lonelywomenoftenlieabouttheirmentalproblems.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatingtheWaytoHappiness B.Feedingthe“LonelyBrain”C.LonelinessLeadstoObesity D.FoodSweetensSadSouls【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)感到孤獨(dú)的女性大腦中與渴望和食欲有關(guān)的區(qū)域活躍，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高熱量食物的圖像時(shí)。【12題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前的“ArecentstudybyUCLAHealthdiscoveredthatwomenwhofeellonelyshowbrainactivityinareaslinkedto…andthedrivetoeat,particularlywhenviewingimagesofhigh-caloriefoodslikesugarytreats.(加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校健康中心最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，感到孤獨(dú)的女性大腦中與……和食欲有關(guān)的區(qū)域活躍，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高熱量食物的圖像時(shí)。)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)感到孤獨(dú)的女性大腦中與食欲相關(guān)的區(qū)域活躍，尤其是看到含糖食物等高熱食物的圖像時(shí)，劃線單詞與“thedrivetoeat”為并列關(guān)系，由此可知，劃線單詞的意思與“欲望”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ArpanaGupta,Ph.D.,aresearcherandco-directoroftheUCLAGoodman-LuskinMicrobiomeCenter,wantedtoresearchthenegativeimpactsofloneliness,especiallyaspeoplecontinuetobeworkingremotelyaftertheCOVID-19pandemic,andhowthebraininteractswithsocialisolation,eatinghabits,andmentalhealth.(加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校古德曼-盧斯金微生物組中心的研究員兼聯(lián)合主任阿帕納·古普塔博士想研究孤獨(dú)的負(fù)面影響，特別是在COVID-19大流行后人們繼續(xù)遠(yuǎn)程工作的情況下，以及大腦如何與社會(huì)孤立、飲食習(xí)慣和心理健康相互作用。)”可知，該項(xiàng)研究是想研究孤獨(dú)的負(fù)面影響的，并且提出了這項(xiàng)研究是在COVID-19大流行后人們繼續(xù)遠(yuǎn)程工作的情況下進(jìn)行，由此可推斷，第二段是介紹了該項(xiàng)研究的背景。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“ArecentstudybyUCLAHealthdiscoveredthatwomenwhofeellonelyshowbrainactivityinareaslinkedtocravingsandthedrivetoeat,particularlywhenviewingimagesofhigh-caloriefoodslikesugarytreats.(加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校健康中心最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，感到孤獨(dú)的女性大腦中與渴望和食欲有關(guān)的區(qū)域活躍，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高熱量食物的圖像時(shí)。)”結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theresearchersfoundthatthegroupofwomenwhoperceivedthemselvestobelonelyexperiencedincreasedactivationinregionsofthebrainassociatedwithgreaterdrivetoeatsugaryfoods,anddecreasedactivationinthebrainregionassociatedwithself-controltowardeatingbehaviors.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些認(rèn)為自己孤獨(dú)的女性大腦中與吃含糖食物的欲望相關(guān)的區(qū)域活躍度增加，而與飲食行為自我控制相關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域活躍度降低。)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)為自己孤獨(dú)的女性大腦中與吃含糖食物的欲望相關(guān)的區(qū)域活躍度增加，由此可知，孤獨(dú)會(huì)驅(qū)使女性吃更多含糖的食物，所以C項(xiàng)講述的內(nèi)容與研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相匹配。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“ArecentstudybyUCLAHealthdiscoveredthatwomenwhofeellonelyshowbrainactivityinareaslinkedtocravingsandthedrivetoeat,particularlywhenviewingimagesofhigh-caloriefoodslikesugarytreats.(加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校健康中心最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，感到孤獨(dú)的女性大腦中與渴望和食欲有關(guān)的區(qū)域活躍，尤其是在看到含糖食物等高熱量食物的圖像時(shí)。)”結(jié)合尾段中的“Whenpeoplearealoneorlonely,itimpactsmorethanhowtheyarefeeling;theyunderreportwhattheyeat,andtheirdesiretoeatunhealthyfoods.(當(dāng)人們獨(dú)自一人或孤獨(dú)時(shí)，它的影響不僅僅是他們的感受；他們低估了自己吃了什么，以及他們對(duì)不健康食品的渴望。)”可知，當(dāng)人們感到孤獨(dú)時(shí)，不僅僅影響到的是他們的感受，還有他們對(duì)不健康食品的渴望，綜合以上信息可知，本文主要講述的是一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人在孤獨(dú)時(shí)，大腦中與渴望和食欲有關(guān)的區(qū)域活躍，所以題目“喂飽孤獨(dú)的大腦”與本文的內(nèi)容一致，且概括了文章的主題，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Nomatterwhereyouareontheplanet,theeffectsoftheclimatecrisisarevastandreal.Weknowindividualactionscanonlygetussofar,andsolvingtheissueofclimatechangeisthejobofgovernments._____16_____Herearesometipsforwhatweindividualscandotohelpworktowardamoresustainablefuture.SwitchtoclimatefriendlyhomeappliancesByusinghomeappliancesandvehiclesthatrunonelectricity,wecanhelpreduceourcarbonfootprintandleavemorefossilfuelsintheground.Hereareafewappliancestoconsider,suchasclothingdryerswiththe“EnergyStar”labelandwaterheatersthatuseheatpumptechnology._____17_____Sodon’tfeellikeyouhavetochangeoutyourappliancesovernight.Instead,buythemasyourexistingmachineswearout.EatlessmeatMeatproductionishardontheenvironment:Itrequiresalotoflandtoraisecattle—andglobally,manyforestsarebeingclearedtomakeroomforthoseanimals._____18_____Ifpeoplecouldcutbacktheirbeefconsumption,itcouldhaveamajorimpactoncreatingamoresustainablefoodsystem.Freezeproduceyoucan’tuserightawayAbout8%ofgreenhousegasemissionscomefromwastedfood,androughlyhalfofallfoodwasteoccursduring“theconsumptionstage”.Oneofthebesttoolstohelpreducewastedfood?Thefreezer.Ifyou’renotreadytousefreshfruitandvegetablesrightaway,freezethem.____19____CutbackonplasticTheplasticsproblemisoverwhelming.____20____Areyouusingabottleofbodywash?Replaceitwithabarofsoap.Bringyourownbagsforgroceriesinsteadofpackingyourgoodsinplasticbags,oryourfavoritereusablecuptoyourlocalcoffeeshop.A.Thislocksinflavorandnutrients.B.Butwealsoknowthatourdecisionsmatter.C.Andcowsthemselvesreleasealotofmethane.D.Thatmeansweshouldnotusetheoldappliancesanymore.E.Makingtheseupgradestoyourhomeandlifestylewillcostmoney.F.Themosteffectivethingyoucandoistofigureouthowmuchyouuse.G.Sogovernmentsshouldmakepoliciestosolveclimatechangeproblem.【答案】16.B17.E18.C19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹一些我們個(gè)人可以做些什么來(lái)幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)更可持續(xù)的未來(lái)的建議?！?6題詳解】由下文“Herearesometipsforwhatweindividualscandotohelpworktowardamoresustainablefuture.(以下是我們個(gè)人可以做些什么來(lái)幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)更可持續(xù)的未來(lái)的一些建議。)”可知，這里主要介紹我們個(gè)人能做什么來(lái)減少氣候危機(jī)，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)Butwealsoknowthatourdecisionsmatter.(但我們也知道，我們的決定很重要。)符合語(yǔ)境，其中ourdecisionsmatter與下文whatweindividualscandotohelp對(duì)應(yīng)，有啟下作用。故選B項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】由下文“Sodon’tfeellikeyouhavetochangeoutyourappliancesovernight.Instead,buythemasyourexistingmachineswearout.(所以，不要覺(jué)得你必須在一夜之間更換電器。相反，在現(xiàn)有機(jī)器磨損時(shí)購(gòu)買(mǎi)它們。)”可知，這里指不要期待一次把所有電器換完，而E項(xiàng)Makingtheseupgradestoyourhomeandlifestylewillcostmoney.(對(duì)你的家和生活方式進(jìn)行這些升級(jí)需要花錢(qián)。)符合語(yǔ)境，與下文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，且theseupgrades與上文clothingdryers和waterheaters對(duì)應(yīng)，所以有承上啟下作用。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】由上文“Meatproductionishardontheenvironment:Itrequiresalotoflandtoraisecattle—andglobally,manyforestsarebeingclearedtomakeroomforthoseanimals.(肉類生產(chǎn)對(duì)環(huán)境造成了很大的影響：它需要大量的土地來(lái)飼養(yǎng)牲畜——在全球范圍內(nèi)，許多森林正在被砍伐，為這些動(dòng)物騰出空間。)”可知，這里主要講肉類生產(chǎn)對(duì)環(huán)境造成了很大的影響。而C項(xiàng)Andcowsthemselvesreleasealotofmethane.(奶牛自身也會(huì)釋放大量甲烷。)符合語(yǔ)境，其中cows與上文cattle對(duì)應(yīng)，有承上作用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】由上文“Oneofthebesttoolstohelpreducewastedfood?Thefreezer.Ifyou’renotreadytousefreshfruitandvegetablesrightaway,freezethem.(幫助減少浪費(fèi)食物的最佳工具之一？冷凍室。如果你還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好立即使用新鮮的水果和蔬菜，就把它們冷凍起來(lái)。)”可知，這里主要建議把多余的食物冷凍起來(lái)，而A項(xiàng)Thislocksinflavorandnutrients.(這鎖住了味道和營(yíng)養(yǎng)。)符合語(yǔ)境，其中this代指上文freezethem，有承上作用。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】由下文“Areyouusingabottleofbodywash?Replaceitwithabarofsoap.Bringyourownbagsforgroceriesinsteadofpackingyourgoodsinplasticbags,oryourfavoritereusablecuptoyourlocalcoffeeshop.(你在用一瓶沐浴露嗎？換上一塊肥皂。帶上你自己的雜貨袋，而不是用塑料袋來(lái)包裝你的商品，或者帶上你最喜歡的可重復(fù)使用的杯子去咖啡店。)”可知，這里主要講通過(guò)自己的方式減少塑料使用。而F項(xiàng)Themosteffectivethingyoucandoistofigureouthowmuchyouuse.(你能做的最有效的事情就是弄清楚你用了多少。)符合語(yǔ)境，其中howmuchyouuse和后文舉例減少使用塑料對(duì)應(yīng)，有啟下作用。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thedoorbellrangonemid-Decemberevening.Ifrequentlyhad____21____visitorsinthoseearlydaysaftermyhusband’sdeath.Wewonderedwhoitmightbethistime.`Butwhenmy6-year-oldsonDannyopenedthedoor,nobodywasthere.Instead,onthedoormatwasaboxwithanote____22____,whichread“OntheFirstDayofChristmas…”Thesecondnight,Iturnedontheporch(門(mén)廊)lightsowecouldseewhowasleavingthe____23____,thenDannyandIsatonthesofaand____24____.Whenthedoorbellrang,Dannyrantothefrontofthehouse,butallhefoundwerethreelargecandycanes.Same____25____:“OnthesecondDayofChristmas…”Thisseemedlikethekindof____26____myfriendCarenwouldmake,soI____27____thesecretSantatoher,butshe____28____thatshehadn’tdoneit.“____29____,”shesaid,“Iwishitwasme!”.Forthenextcoupleofnights,Danny_____30_____nearthefrontdooraslongashecouldtospotthegiver,butinvain.Inthosedarkdaysofgrief,somebody_____31_____ourlifewithasimplebut_____32_____message:“Youareloved.”Fifteenyearslater,Istilldon’tknowwhogaveus_____33_____inthemidstofourgrief.AndI’m_____34_____thatIdon’tknow.Thenot-knowingbecamemyfavoritepart.Thatmysteriouslightpusheditswayintoour_____35_____.Notamiracle.Notmagic.Justgenerous,selfless,humanlove.21.A.enthusiastic B.unexpected C.patient D.cautious22.A.connected B.signed C.attached D.decorated23.A.gift B.evidence C.puzzle D.bag24.A.sighed B.relaxed C.waited D.slept25.A.routine B.dialogue C.result D.message26.A.mistake B.wish C.effort D.comment27.A.mentioned B.introduced C.showed D.brought28.A.suggested B.objected C.revealed D.insisted29.A.Fortunately B.Seriously C.Undoubtedly D.Suddenly30.A.appeared B.played C.walked D.hid31.A.me