2023年高考完形填空解題技巧

高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)--完形填空解題技巧指導(dǎo)完型填空試題主要特點(diǎn)：1.

通常從一篇300-350詞左右，文章中設(shè)空20個(gè)，首句不挖空；2.干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)密.一般情況下，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性相同或?qū)儆谕然驅(qū)Φ确懂?，干擾項(xiàng)填入后在語法上一般不存在錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)考生有很大的迷惑作用；3.突出語篇(語境)，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重交際；4.大多富有積極的教育意義，給人以人生的啟迪或是充滿了生活情趣；沒有嚴(yán)格遵循答題步驟:很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認(rèn)真分析通篇文章，單純求快，忽略語篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見樹不見林的做法只會(huì)影響解題的質(zhì)量和效率。為什么我們?cè)谶@一題型上總是失分較多?切記:一定要用2-3分鐘時(shí)間先進(jìn)行缺詞閱讀,弄清文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再著手逐個(gè)填空.2.不注意積累答題技巧:a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；b.忽略文章中上下文之間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系;c.遇到長句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在語義模糊時(shí)抱碰運(yùn)氣的心理隨意作出選擇.

3.時(shí)間安排不當(dāng):在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)上過分糾纏，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做出的題來不及做。切記:正確的做法是由易到難，先做會(huì)做的，再考慮較難的。強(qiáng)烈推薦：如尚有幾題題目不確定可將某題的可能的兩項(xiàng)填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默讀,選擇某一項(xiàng)習(xí)慣或短語或動(dòng)賓搭配讀起來較流暢的.細(xì)讀首句,跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個(gè)擊破正確的完形填空的解題步驟把握整體具體分析細(xì)讀文章的第一句話

高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句（TopicSentence），這就為我們理解文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個(gè)“窗口”，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主題。充分重視首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，據(jù)此展開思維，爭(zhēng)取開局勝利。對(duì)于敘事，描述類文章。短文的首句，往往點(diǎn)明故事發(fā)生的人物(who),時(shí)間（when），地點(diǎn)(where)，和事件(what)等背景情況。例：

Itwasabusymorning，about8:30,whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80scametothehospital.……2010全國卷（I）對(duì)于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如：

Amanwhoknowshowtowriteapersonalletterhasaverypowerfultool.Alettercanbeenjoyed,readand21.

…………….2010全國卷（II）詞匯題高考完形填空考什么？篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(語境)

句際關(guān)系結(jié)合選項(xiàng)1.上下文和前后句的提示（復(fù)現(xiàn)、同/近義詞、反義詞）詞匯題

1.(2010北京卷)Mrs.Neidlwouldaskmeformy37.ShewantedtoknowhowIthought……ShebelievedIhadopinions,soIbeganto…….37.A.opinion

B.impression

C.information

D.intentionopinions語境-原詞重現(xiàn)2.(2010陜西卷）

Ihadsome28inmypocker,butIwouldnotgivethemtohim,thinkingtomyselfhewould29（only）

usethemoneytofeedhisaddictiontodrugsoralcohol.28.A.chocolatesB.coinsC.tinsD.drugs語境-同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)3.Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood____.Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.AhearingBhealthCeyesightDtime4.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very______.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous5.Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas___andatthesametimefeelinglonely.(NMET2000）

AhelplessBlazyCanxiousDtiredD6.…andthenbothendedupfromthesamehighschool.Justthreeweeksbefore_____,BillaskedMarkiftheycouldtalk.(2003北京）AgraduationBmovementCseparationDvacationA

7．Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.Holdingspringsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe22

areaslikethedesert.22．A．dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild

8．Thecorrectwatersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthe34thanfromthebelow.34．A．clouds B．sky C．a(chǎn)ir D．a(chǎn)bove

9．In1964ShirleygraduatedfromGallaudetandlookedfor

_44_.Shewantedtobeindependentandworkfulltime.

44.A.information

B.help

C.ajob

D.anassistant

10.Thestonemenface41,ratherthanouttosea,andtheireyesarefocuseduponthesky.41.A.forwardB.outwardC.onwardD.inward11.Theartexpertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyusedmodernchemistrytechnologyto45thepaintonthepicture.Thesechecksfoundtraces(痕跡)ofpaintdeepinthepicturedatingfromabout1814.45.A.try B.remove C.wash D.check

2.詞語的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配1.（2010全國I)…Thenursehadhimtakea36

inthewaitingarea,37(telling)himitwouldbeatleast40minutes38(before)someonewouldbeabletoseehim.

36A.breathB.testC.seatD.break語境-固定搭配takea362.Thecity(Washington)wasnamed___GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after

3.Itwas4o’clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.MrsClarkewas____teaatthetime.cookingB.makingC.burningD.serving4.Mark____downandhelpedtheboypickupthesearticles.(2003北京春50小題）

A.fellB.satC.layD.knelt5.…,buttheyare_____damagetoourhousesandshopsofhistoricalinterest,’’SaidJohnNorris,oneoftheprotesters.（NMET1999第30題)A.doingB.raisingC.puttingD.producing

6.He’d

36

hislifebrewingbeerforlocalbreweriesonlytomakealiving,

37

hadhisfatherandgrand－fatherbeforehim.36．A.cost

B.spent

C.take

D.paid

37．A.like

B.asif

C.so

D.nor7.IcalledmybeerSamuelAdams,

51

thebrewerandpatriot（愛國者）whohelpedtostarttheBostonTeaparty.51

A.for

B.at

C.in

D.after

3.根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義

1.(2010江蘇卷)

Myfather36metoherwiththesewords:“Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois……36.A.rushedB.sent

C.carried

D.introduced

2.(2010全國I）Thehappiestpeopledon’t53(necessarily)havethebestofeverything；theyjust54thebestofeverythingtheyhave.

54A.learnBmakeC.favor

D.try語境-詞義辨析36metojust54thebestof語境-詞義辨析4.Theboywas___①____thewaterandhiscanoewas_②___away.①A.onB.withinC.inD.under②A.runningB.floatingC.flowingD.pulling3.SoonIhearda___likethatofadoorburstin,andthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout5.‘‘Givemeahand,’’heshouted__hegotneartheboat.A.whileB.tillC.forD.as四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示時(shí)間。while強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用；till表示的是動(dòng)作持續(xù)到某時(shí)或到某時(shí)才開始；for表示的是動(dòng)作持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間；as連接的是一個(gè)與謂語動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞。答案應(yīng)選D，表示他一邊向船靠近一邊大聲喊。1.Herfacewasfamiliartome,butIcouldnotr_______whereandhowIhadseenher.2.AllatonceIr_______whereIhadseenher.3.ThenIexplainedthatIhadr________herfromthephotoIfoundinthepurse.emeber

ealizedecognized6.rememberrecognizerealize7.Thetrainerdecideditwasuselesstryingtofinish.HecalledtoTrudyto

45

.45．A.keepupB.slowdownC.giveupD.takeup8.Theforestbegantodisappear,which53alltheanimalsdyingout.53.A.resultedinB.resultedfromC.createdD.layin

4.根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者確定所選的詞1.Whenthepaperswere____shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.

A.collectedB.completedC.markedD.answered2.Andvideocamerascanbeusedto___people’sactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch3.Japanisanislandcountryandits_①__goalloverthePacificlookingforfishto_②__.①A.fishingboatsB.lifeboatsC.planesD.trains②A.buyB.catchC.holdD.weigh

只有fishingboats能夠到太平洋捕魚，因此第一個(gè)空答案A為。捕魚用動(dòng)詞catch，第二個(gè)空答案為B。

5.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇1.ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.39thebutter-creamgavemeanidea.

A.SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.Holding生活常識(shí)常識(shí)、背景知識(shí)2.(2010福建)BorninAmerica,IspokeEnglishnotChinese，

thelanguageofmyancestors.WhenIwasthree.myparentsflashedcardswithChinese36atmyface,butIpusedthem37(aside),

……36.A.custornB.gamesC.charactersD.language

3.…,you__①__theinternationaldateline.Byagreement,thisisthepointwhereanewday__②__.①A.seeB.crossC.areD.arestoppedby②A.iscomingB.isdiscovered

C.isinventedD.beginstheinternationaldateline是‘‘國際日期變更線’’，是人們所規(guī)定的，看不見，摸不著，但是可以越過。它是新的一天開始的地方。答案分別為B

和D

5.In1967shewasaskedtoworkatGallaudetUniversityasadormsupervisor(宿舍監(jiān)管員).Shirleysupervisedyoungwomenwho_47_intheuniversityduringtheschoolyear.47.A.workedB.studiedC.lived D.played6.Interestisrisinginthewaystoincreaserainfallbyman-mademethods,andtogetwaterfromthewintersnowonmountain36.36．A．rocks B．tips C．topsD．trees

4.Thespaceislefttolettherailexpandwhenitgets___.A.wetB.coldC.hotD.dry1.語法手段2.邏輯手段句際關(guān)系1.語法手段1.（2010陜西卷）Ithen32（realized

）

Ihadnorighttoplacemyselfabove33justbecausehewasbusking.

33.A.itB.allC.himD.them語法-指代2.（2010天津卷）“Asapoliceman,Isaw27therewasviolence,drugswerealwaysbehindit.Theyhaveadamaging28(impact)onthekids.”

27.A.whereB.unlessC.asD.whether

語法-句型3.WhenEdfirstphonedand___weplay,Ilaughedquietly,figuringonaneasyvictory.(NMET2003,37題）

A.declaredB.mentionedC.persuadedD.suggested4.Irealizedthat____IhaddonethatIwouldhavelostanewfriendandmissedallthefunwewouldhavetogether.(2003北京春季53題）

A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as5.Asmyfather,____workedthreejobs,oncetoldme,…（2003北京54題）

A.heB.thatC.whoD.whoever

邏輯手段2.邏輯手段讓步關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系因果關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系順序關(guān)系并列關(guān)系…

1.（2010江蘇卷)Thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,“Youare40(wrong).Thisisnottheworstboyatall,41thesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutlet（釋放的途徑）forhisenthusiasm.”41.A.but

B.so

C.and

D.or語境-轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、搭配

thesmartest

2.（2010湖南卷)Beanisawhitedog,quitehandsomeandvery38.

38.A.smartB.sweet

C.slow

D.shy語境-同類并列關(guān)系

3.（2010安徽卷)Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhand,...Thenthewritingpointofthepen……

52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.

52.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally語境-順序關(guān)系4.Atransistorradioissometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry…___,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.

A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes5.Atfirstnothinghappened,____suddenlyalargeratrushedoutofthe…

A.andB.orC.soD.then6.Mymainresponsibility(職責(zé)）wereclearingtablesandwashingdishes,____sometimesIhelpedcook.（2003北京第40題）

A.orB.soC.butD.even7.Theexplorersfoundthattheislandhadgoodsoil37the200nativeslivingtheresurvivedwithlittlefood.37.A.andB.butC.howeverD.still8.Herfatherhad

promisedhertwothings.Onewasnottopullheroutofthewater_____sheasked.36．A.asB.unlessC.evenifD.when

語篇理解作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度１．Lifeisvery

55

,sodon’trushtomakedecisions.Lifedoesn’tletyouplan.55．A.hard

B.busy

C.short

D.long２．Dr.ShirleyJeanneAllenhastraveledmanyroadsandfollowedmanyrainbowssearchingforherdream.Withcourageand_55_,shenevergaveup.55.A.determination

B.intelligenceC.strength D.pride３．Thisisbecausethemostimportantcharacterofcreativepeopleisaverystrong40tofindawayoutoftrouble.40．A．desire B．inspireC．influenceD．a(chǎn)ttitude小結(jié)：完型填空考查內(nèi)容原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同義.近義復(fù)現(xiàn)指代

句型并列關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系讓步關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系語法項(xiàng)目順序關(guān)系因果關(guān)系詞匯手段語法手段邏輯手段語篇信息（語境理解）反義詞為動(dòng)作發(fā)出者作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度注意上下文語境了解常識(shí)背景掌握習(xí)慣搭配運(yùn)用詞義辨析運(yùn)用語法分析運(yùn)用邏輯分析運(yùn)用排除法解題過程中應(yīng)做到實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

Onceuponatimethecolorsoftheworldstartedtoquarrel.Greensaid,"ClearlyIamthemostimportant.Iamthesignoflifeandhope.Iwaschosenforgrass,treesandleaves.Withoutme,allanimalswould36."Blueinterrupted,"Youonlythinkaboutthe37,butconsidertheskyandthesea.38thewaterthatisthebasisoflifeanddrawnupbythecloudsfromthedeepsea．Withoutmypeace,youwouldallbe39."Yellowchuckled（笑道）,"Youareallsoserious.Ibringlaughter,fun,and__40__intotheworld．"

Orangestartednexttoblowhertrumpet,"Iamthecolorofhealthandstrength.Imaybe41,butIampreciousforIservetheneedsofhumanlife.WhenIfillthesky42,mybeautyissostrikingthatnoonegivesanother43toanyofyou.”Redcouldstandit44andheshoutedout,"Iamtherulerofallofyou.Iamthecolorofdangerandofbravery.Iamwillingto45truth.Iamalsothecolorofpassionandoflove."

ThencamePurpleandIndigo（深藍(lán)）.…Thecolorswentonboasting,eachconvincedofhisorherown__46__.Theirquarrelingbecamelouderandlouder.Suddenlytherewasastartlingflashofbrightlighteningthunder.Rainstartedtopourdown__47__.Thecolorscrouched(蜷縮)down__48__,drawingclosetooneanotherforcomfort.Inthemidstoftheclamor（叫嚷）,rainbegantospeak,“Youfoolishcolors,fighting49yourselves,eachtryingtodominate（支配）

50.

Don'tyouknowthatyouwereeachmadeforaspecialpurpose,51?Joinhandswith52andcometome."Doingastheyweretold,thecolors53andjoinedhands.Theyformedacolorfulrainbow.Fromthenon,wheneveragoodrain54theworld,arainbowappearsinthesky.Theyrememberto55oneanother.

Onceuponatimethecolorsoftheworldstartedtoquarrel.Greensaid,"ClearlyIamthemostimportant.Iamthesignoflifeandhope.Iwaschosenforgrass,treesandleaves.Withoutme,allanimalswould36."Blueinterrupted,"Youonlythinkaboutthe37,butconsidertheskyandthesea.38thewaterthatisthebasisoflifeanddrawnupbythecloudsfromthedeepsea．Withoutmypeace,youwouldallbe39."Yellowchuckled（笑道）,"Youareallsoserious.Ibringlaughter,fun,and__40__intotheworld．"36.A.stayB.leave

C.gooutD.die37.A.earth

B.moon

C.star

D.sun38．A.ThatisB.Iam

C.Itis

D.Thisis39．A.anything

B.nothing

C.something

D.Everything40．A.warmth

B.sadness

C.depression

D.anxiety語境-詞義語境-轉(zhuǎn)折.對(duì)比.排除語法-強(qiáng)調(diào)句語境-詞義語境-同類并列

Orangestartednexttoblowhertrumpet,"Iamthecolorofhealthandstrength.Imaybe41,butIampreciousforIservetheneedsofhumanlife.WhenIfillthesky42,mybeautyissostrikingthatnoonegivesanother43toanyofyou.”Redcouldstandit44andheshoutedout,"Iamtherulerofallofyou.Iamthecolorofdangerandofbravery.Iamwillingto45truth.Iamalsothecolorofpassionandoflove."41.A.usual

B.normal

C.common

D.scarce42．A.atmidnightB.atnoonoratnight

C.atsunriseorsunset

D.duringtheday43．A.gift

B.honor

C.thought

D.respect44．A.formore

B.anymore

C.verymuch

D.nolonger45．A.turnto

B.fightfor

C.strugglewith

D.bendover語境-轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比語境-常識(shí)語境-搭配語境-搭配語境-詞義givesanother43tocouldstandit44

ThencamePurpleandIndigo（深藍(lán)）.…Thecolorswentonboasting,eachconvincedofhisorherown__46__.Theirquarrelingbecamelouderandlouder.Suddenlytherewasastartlingflashofbrightlighteningthunder.Rainstartedtop