初中英語語法之動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

初中英語語法之動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

動詞的時(shí)態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)&一般將來時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

考點(diǎn)一：表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday

等連用或根據(jù)上下文語境判斷。

考點(diǎn)二：表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)。

考點(diǎn)三：表示按照時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的事情。

考點(diǎn)四：可表示客觀事實(shí)或永恒的真理。

考點(diǎn)五：如果主句為一般將來時(shí)，在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

一般將來時(shí)

考點(diǎn)一：表示將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語tomorrow,next

time,inafewdays,nextTuesday,inthefuture,in+時(shí)間段，soon,rightaway等連用或

根據(jù)上下文語境判斷，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“will+動詞原形”。

考點(diǎn)二：“begoingto+動詞原形”表示將要發(fā)生的動作或安排、打算，或有某種跡象表明即

將發(fā)生某事。

考點(diǎn)三：其他可表示將來的時(shí)態(tài)：

1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備要做的事，且已經(jīng)做好了準(zhǔn)備；

2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事。如：

HeisflyingtoLondontomorrow.

ThetrainfromBeijingarrivesat6:35a.m.

【考例鏈接】

單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.Samwithhisfriendseveryweekend.

A.skates

B.isskating

C.hasskated

D.wasskating

()2.一rmgettinghungry.Doyouknowwherewecangetsomegoodfood?

一Ofcourse!Therearestaurantaroundthecorner.

A.willbe

B.was

C.is

()3.Susanandhersistersomephotosintheparkthedayaftertomorrow.

A.take

B.took

C.willtake

()4.—YourfatherhasgonetoShenzhenonbusiness,hasn'the?

-Yes.Andheintwoweeks.

A.willreturn

B.hasreturned

C.returned

D.returns

()5.Nextweek,eachstudentintheclassasmallgiftfromtheirteachers.

A.receives

B.received

C.willreceive

D.hasreceived

()6.一Accordingtothetimetable,thetrainat8:27.

—Don'tworry.Wecanmakeit.

A.leaves

B.isleaving

C.isgoingtoleave

()7.—Whatisyourplanfornextweekend,Lingling?

一Ivolunteerworkinthemuseum.

A.wasdoing

B.did

C.havedone

D.amgoingtodo

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)&過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

考點(diǎn)一：表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作和發(fā)生的事，常與now,atthemoment,Look!,Listen!,

Bequiet!,Hurryup!等連用或根據(jù)上下文語境判斷。

考點(diǎn)二：表示現(xiàn)階段或一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的事，常與thesedays,allthemorning等連用。

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

考點(diǎn)一：表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與atthattime,atthistime

yesterday,then,allmorningyesterday等時(shí)間狀語或由when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

連用或根據(jù)上下文語境判斷。

考點(diǎn)二：由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，若主句的動作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)從句的動作發(fā)生了，

則主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

考點(diǎn)三：由while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，當(dāng)從句的動作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)主句的動作發(fā)生了，

則從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句用一般過去時(shí)。若主從句的動作在過去同時(shí)進(jìn)行，則主從句均用

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

【考例鏈接】單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.Amonhisshipinabigstormwhenagiantfishcameoutofthesea.

A.willsail

B.issailing

C.wassailing

D.hassailed

()2.Whilethelightstored,acarsuddenlyappearedaroundthecorner.

A.change

B.havechanged

C.werechanging

D.willchange

()3.一Wereyouathomeat9o*clocklastnight?

一Yes,Iashoweratthattime.

A.took

B.wastaking

C.wastaken

D.amtaking

()4.StudentsinGradeNineamathsexamatthistimeyesterday.

A.take

B.aretaking

C.weretaking

D.havetaken

()5.Sorry,Ididn'tseeyou,becauseIapicture.

A.draw

B.drew

C.wasdrawing

D.havedrawn

()6.Listen!Thebirdsinthetreesoutsideourhotel.

A.sing

B.aresinging

C.sang

D.weresinging

()7.一Linda,Dadhasfinishedhisworkandwetothegymtopickyouup.

一Thankyou,Mum.

A.drive

B.drove

C.havedriven

D.aredriving

()8.—Tom,what'syourdaddoing?

一Hemybike.

A.repairs

B.willrepair

C.hasrepaired

D.isrepairing

一般過去時(shí)&現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)

考點(diǎn)一：表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday,an

hourago,lastweek,justnow,in2016等連用或根據(jù)上下文語境判斷。

考點(diǎn)二：表示過去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，句中常有always,often,usually等頻度副詞。

如：

Shewasoftennervouswhenfacingthecameraasachild.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/hasdone)

考點(diǎn)一:表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already,just,yet,

ever,never,before,sofar,recently,inthepast/last…years/months等連用或全艮據(jù)上

下文語境判斷。

考點(diǎn)二：表示過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也許還要持續(xù)下去，該用

法常適用于延續(xù)性動詞，常與for+時(shí)間段或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連

用。

考點(diǎn)三：一些短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成意義相近的延續(xù)性動詞或be+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/

a(n)+名詞，與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：

buy—?haveborrow—?keep

movelivedie—>bedead

openbeopenclose—beclosed

fallasleep—>beasleep

leave—?beawaycome—bein/at

begin/start(電影等開始)-beon

join—>bein+組織/beamemberin+組織

marry—bemarried

考點(diǎn)四：have/hasbeento表示“到過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”，句中常有表示次數(shù)的詞語

once,twice,threetimes等；have/hasgoneto表示"去某地了(但還沒有回來)”。

【考例鏈接】

單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.Meltingice(融冰)cancausesealevelstorise.Since1993,sealevelsataspeedof

3.2cmevery10years.

A.rose

B.haverisen

C.rise

()2.一Wendy,howlonghaveyouhadtheHuaweiP30Pro?

—Acoupleofdays.Iitlastweek.

A.bought

B.buy

C.willbuy

D.havebought

()3.Hehasn*tcommunicatedmuchwithhisparentssinceheamobilephonelast

year.

A.got

B.get

C.gets

()4.HehisEnglishteacherwhenhewassightseeinginParis.

A.hasmet

B.hadmet

C.met

D.wouldmeet

()5.Iatesomefruit,whichIsinceIwasachild,andthevegetablesfrommygarden.

A.haveenjoyed

B.enjoyed

C.enjoy

D.hadenjoyed

()6.—Thisisareallyoldbike.

一Yes,Iitforsevenyears.

A.havehad

B.havebought

C.bought

()7.TheshopinWandaSquareforsixyears,butItheresofar.

A.hasopened;haven1tgone

B.hasbeenopen;haven'tbeen

C.hasbeenopen;haven,tgone

D.hasbeenopened;haven1tbeen

()8.一WhereisMr.Green?

一Hethebookshop.Youhavetowaitforhim.

A.wasgoingto

B.hasgoneto

C.hasbeento

動詞的語態(tài)

動詞的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。

考點(diǎn)一：被動語態(tài)由“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成(注意：以下用done表示及物動詞的

過去分詞)，be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

溫馨提示：

《義務(wù)教育英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》要求掌握的被動語態(tài)有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)(am/is/

are+done),一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)(was/were+done)和一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)(will

be+done)o現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)及含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)對學(xué)有余力的同學(xué)來說也應(yīng)

了解，其構(gòu)成分別為“have/has+been+done”和“情態(tài)動詞+be+done”o

考點(diǎn)二：使役動詞(如make,let等)及感官動詞(如hear,feel,watch,see等),在主動語

態(tài)句子中后面接不帶to的動詞不定式(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語，在被動語態(tài)句子中后面要接帶

to的動詞不定式(短語)作主語補(bǔ)足語。

考點(diǎn)三：含有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句子時(shí)，如果直接賓語作句子的主語，那

么間接賓語前需要加介詞to或for。

考點(diǎn)四：被動語態(tài)用在一些固定句型中，如：

Itissaidthat...(據(jù)說……)

Itisbelievedthat...(據(jù)信……)

Itiswellknownthat…(大家知道……)

Itissupposedthat...(據(jù)推測……)

考點(diǎn)五：有些詞用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。如：

Theclothwasheswell,這布很耐洗。

Thepoemreadswell,這首詩讀起來順口。

【考例鏈接】

I.單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.Manyteachersfromcitiestothewestprovincesofourcountrytohelpthepoor

studentstherenextyear.

A.willsend

B.aresent

C.willbesent

()2.—I1mtiredofcleaningthehouse.

一Sweepingrobotsmoreandmorewidelytoday.Whynotbuyone?

A.areused

B.wereused

C.areusing

D.used

()3.Asweknow,printingduringtheSuiandTangDynastiesinChina.

A.invented

B.isinvented

C.wasinvented

()4.Lookattheflowersonbothsidesofthestreets.Theylastmonth.

A.wereplanted

B.areplanted

C.areplanting

D.wereplanting

()5.-Tomisalwayscarelesswithhisschoolwork.Couldyouhelphim?

一Noproblem!Ithinkhetothinktwicebeforestarting.

A.shouldbetold

B.shouldn1tbetold

C.shouldtell

()6.——Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithmeafterlunch?

—I*dloveto,butItogooutthisafternoon.

A.don,tallow

B.willallow

C.won1tbeallowed

()7.TheticketsforTheWanderingEarthwell,andtheywillsoon.

A.aresold;sellout

B.aresold;soldout

C.sell;besoldout

()8.——Dr.BethunehelpedalotofChineseinthe1930s;heisagreatinternationalsoldier.

—Iknow,sohestillinbothChinaandCanadanow.

A.has;remembered

B.is;remembered

C.will;remember

D.is;remembering

()9.Manyoldtreesandhousesbytheterriblerainstormlastnight.

A.arepulleddown

B.werepulleddown

C.willbepulleddown

II.將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)

1.The13-year-oldone-armedbasketballplayerattractedalotoffans.

Alotoffansbythe13-year-oldone-armedbasketballplayer.(2020上海)

2.Wewillsolvetheproblemintwoweeks.

Theproblemwillbyusintwoweeks.

綜合訓(xùn)練

I.單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.—LindahastoParis.HowcanIgetintouchwithher?

—Don'tworry.Shewillcallyouassoonasshethere.

A.been;willget

B.been;gets

C.gone;willget

D.gone;gets

()2.NationalDaycelebrationsforChina'sseventiethbirthdayinaboutthreemonths.

A.willbeheld

B.willhold

C.isheld

D.washeld

()3.一Alex,whydidn'tyouanswermycallatninelastnight?

一Sorry,Imymobilephoneathome.Ibasketballintheparkwithmyfriends.

A.forgot;played

B.forgot;wasplaying

C.left;played

D.left;wasplaying

()4.一Jeff,couldyoutellmeifittomorrow?Ifittomorrow,Iwillstayathome.

—It1sreportedthatitwillbesunny,letsgocampingontheFenghuangmountain.

A.rain;rain

B.rains;rains

C.willrain;rains

D.willrain;willrain

()5.一MayIspeaktoMrs.Smith?

—Sorry,shetheclothes.

A.iswashing

B.washes

C.wash

()6.—Hurryup!

一Onemoment.Imye-mailsandthenI*mreadytogo.

A.read

B.amreading

C.wasreading

D.haveread

()7.一I'veneverseenMr.Taylorbefore.

一Don*tworry.Ihimtoyoubeforethemeeting.

A.willintroduce

B.introduced

C.haveintroduced

D.hadintroduced

()8.—Icalledyoulastnight,butnobodyanswered.Wherewereyouthen?

一

OhrImypetdoginmyyard.

A.walked

B.waswalking

C.amwalking

D.willwalk

()9.Bequiet!ThestudentsanEnglishexam.

A.take

B.aretaking

C.willtake

()10.MyEnglishteachertookaphotoofmewhileIatthesportsmeeting.

A.run

B.wasrunning

C.ran

()11.—HaveyouevertheTerracottaArmyinXi'an?

一Yes,lwenttherelastyear.

A.goneto

B.beento

C.beenin

()12.Tomsaidhebasketballwithhisclassmatesfrom4:00to6:00yesterday

afternoon.

A.isplayed

B.wasplaying

C.plays

D.hadplayed

()13.一Look!Mymotheranewdressforme.

一Wow,itlooksveryniceonyou.

A.ismaking

B.hasmade

C.willmake

()14.WhenwebuildingtheSubwayLine3,itwillbeeasiertotravelaroundthecity.

A.finish

B.finished

C.willfinish

()15.She1sbroughtyousomeeggs.Asyouknow,shechickens.

A.keeps

B.willkeep

C.haskept

D.kept

()16.Inthenearfuture,thereself-drivingcarsinourcity.

A.is

B.was

C.are

D.willbe

()17.It.Pleasetakeanumbrellawithyou,Annie.

A.rains

B.israining

C.rained

D.wasraining

()18.Hemehisname,butIcan'trememberitnow.

A.tells

B.willtell

C.told

D.istelling

()19.一Mary,Irememberyouseveralyearsago.

一Yes,Ifor3years.

A.married,havemarried

B.married,married

C.married,havebeenmarried

D.havemarried,havebeenmarried

()20.—youeverHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge?

一Notyet.

A.Did;visit

B.Are;visit

C.Have;visited

()21.Iabroadforseveralyears,butIhaveneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomove

backtomymotherland.

A.amliving

B.lived

C.havelived

()22.一Myfeelingsforyouhavenotchanged.

一Butyouhavechanged.Youarenotasyou.

A.are

B.were

C.willbe

D.havebeen

()23.TheChinaInternationalSearchandRescueTeamhasbroughthelpandhopetopeople

indisastersaroundtheworldsinceit18yearsago.

A.setup

B.issetup

C.wassetup

D.willbesetup

()24.InChineseculture,childrenbornintheYearoftheMonkeytobesmart.

A.say

B.said

C.willbesaid

D.aresaid

()25.一Wherewillthe2022WinterOlympics,Cindy?

—InBeijing,thecapitalofChina,thefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympics.

A.betakenplace

B.takeplace

C.takepart

D.betakenpart

II.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示填空

1.AsIwastryingtofindmywayout,Isuddenlysomenoise.(hear)

2.Inordertoliveinabetterplace,thenaturalenvironmentmustbebyallthepeople,

(protect)

3.Thisnovelisveryinteresting.Mybrother(read)itthreetimes.

4.Thestorybookcan(nottake)outoftheread