全球供水行業(yè)市場前景及投資研究報(bào)告-培訓(xùn)課件外文版2024.6

POLITICS

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SOCIETYWateraccessworldwideCHAPTER

01OverviewNumberofpeopleexposedtowaterstress,heatstress,anddesertificationduetoglobalwarmingasof2023,byscenario(inbillions)Drylandpopulationexposuretodroughtsanddesertification2023,bywarmingscenario1.41.291.21.00.80.60.40.20.01.150.951.5°C2°C3°C3Description:Asof2023,withjust1.5degreesCelsiusofglobalwarming,about950millionpeopleareexpectedtoexperiencewaterscarcity.Additionalwarmingofjust0.5degreesCelsiuswillaffectabout1.15billionpeoplewithwaterandheatwoes.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):IPCC;WRIPopulationlivinginwater-insecureconditionsworldwideasof2023,bywatersecuritylevel(inbillions)Globalpopulationbasedonwatersecuritylevels202365435.621100.650.64SecureModerateInsecureCritical4Description:Asof2023,mostoftheworld'spopulationwaslivingunderwater-insecureconditions.Thatyear,atotalof5.6billionpeopleworldwide–orroughly70percentoftheglobalpopulation–livedincountriesconsideredwaterinsecure.Another640millionpeoplelivedundercriticalwaterconditions,whereasonlyaboutonebillionpeoplelivedincountriesconsideredwatersecure.TheSolomonIslandsranksasthemostwater-insecurecountryworldwidebasedonawater[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):UNU-INWEH;VisualCapitalistLeastwater-securecountriesworldwideasof2023,basedonwatersecurityscoreCountrieswiththelowestwatersecurityscoreworldwide2023Watersecurityscore15

20051025303540SolomonIslandsEritrea2329Sudan30EthiopiaVanuatu3131AfghanistanDjibouti3232Haiti3434PapuaNewGuineaSomalia35LiberiaSaintKittsandNevisLibya3636375Description:TheSolomonIslandshadthemostcriticallyinsecurewaterconditionsasof2023,withawatersecurityscoreof23points.ThiswasfollowedbyEritreaandSudan,witharespectivewatersecuritylevelof29and30points.Altogether,13ofthe23countrieswithcriticallyinsecurewaterconditionswerelocatedintheMiddleEastandAfrica.Mostoftheworld'spopulationlivesunderwater-insecureconditions.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):UNU-INWEH;VisualCapitalistShareofpopulationwithaccesstoatleastbasicdrinkingwaterservicesworldwidein2022,bySDGregionShareofpopulationwithaccesstobasicdrinkingwater2022,byregionPercentageofthepopulation40%

60%0%20%80%100%100%99%97%97%94%92%91%120%Australia&NewZealandEurope&NorthernAmericaEasternAsia&South-easternAsiaLatinAmerica&theCaribbeanCentralAsia&SouthernAsiaNorthernAfrica&WesternAsiaWorldSub-SaharanAfrica65%Oceania60%6Description:In2022,anestimated91percentoftheworldpopulationhadaccesstoatleastbasicdrinkingwaterservices.AccesswashighestinEuropeandNorthAmericaandAustraliaandNewZealand,withapproximately100percentofbothregionshavingaccesstoatleastbasicdrinkingwaterservices.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;IncludingbasicandsafelymanageddrinkingwaterservicesSource(s):UNICEF;WHOCHAPTER

02ResourcesRenewablewaterresourcesworldwideasof2022,bycountry(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalrenewablewaterresources2022,bycountryResourcesinbillioncubicmeters3,000

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5,00001,0002,0006,0007,0008,0009,000ChinaBrazil8,425.98,425.9Russia4,223.8CanadaPeruUnitedStatesIndia3,4782,484.12,4781,869AustraliaMexico497.3451.3420JapanNorwayNewZealandFrance371.9326.6206.28Description:ChinaandBrazilhavesomeofthelargestrenewablefreshwaterresourcesworldwide,atanestimated8.4trillioncubicmetersasof2022–basedontheirlong-termannualaverage.ThiswasfollowedbyRussia,withrenewablefreshwaterresourcesamountingto4.2trillioncubicmeters.Onapercapitabasis,Brazilholdsroughly39,200cubicmetersofrenewablewaterresourcesperinhabitant.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;TotalrenewablefreshwaterresourcesSource(s):OECDRenewablewaterresourcespercapitaworldwideasof2022,bycountry(incubicmeters)Globalpercapitarenewablewaterresources2022,bycountryResourcescubicmetersperinhabitant200,000

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300,000050,000100,000150,000350,000400,000450,000500,000IcelandCanadaPeru445,02089,34072,95568,14363,741NorwayNewZealandBrazil39,222CroatiaRussiaFinland30,69929,08019,798Latvia19,49519,14217,64217,024AustraliaSwedenCostaRica9Description:Icelandhasthelargestrenewablefreshwaterresourcespercapitaworldwide,atanestimated445thousandcubicmetersperinhabitantasof2022–basedonthelong-termannualaverage.WhilewaterresourcesareabundantinIceland,thepopulationintheNordiccountryamountstolessthan400,000inhabitants.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;TotalrenewablefreshwaterresourcesSource(s):OECDRenewablegroundwaterandsurfacewaterresourcesworldwidein2020,byregion(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalrenewablewaterresources2020,bytypeandregionGroundwaterSurfacewater35,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,0000AmericasAsiaEuropeAfricaOceania10Description:TheAmericashavethelargestrenewablewaterresourcesworldwide,atroughly30trillioncubicmetersin2020.Surfacewateraccountedfor84percentofthistotal.Surfacewaterisanybodyofwaterfoundaboveground,suchaslakes,reservoirs,andrivers.Meanwhile,Africawastheregionwiththehighestshareofgroundwaterresources,accountingfor20percentoftotalrenewablewaterresources.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):FAO(Aquastat);Renewablesurfacewaterresourcesinleadingcountriesworldwideasof2020(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalrenewablesurfacewaterresources2020,bymaincountryVolumeinbillioncubicmeters4,000

5,00001,0002,0003,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,000BrazilRussia8,6474,249UnitedStatesCanada2,9132,892China2,739ColombiaIndonesiaPeru2,3601,9731,8801,869IndiaVenezuelaDRCongoBangladeshMyanmar1,3031,2821,2061,15711Description:Brazilhasthelargestrenewablesurfacewaterresourcesworldwide,atanestimated8,647billioncubicmeters.ThisisroughlytwicetheamountofrenewablesurfacewateravailableinRussia,whichhasthesecond-largestfigure.Incontrast,manycountriesworldwidelackrenewablesurfacewaterresources,suchasKuwait,whichhasthehighestrenewablewaterresourcesdependencyratioworldwide.Surfacewaterisanybodyofwateraboveground,suchasstreams,rivers,andlakes.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):FAO(Aquastat)Renewablegroundwaterresourcesinleadingcountriesworldwideasof2020(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalrenewablegroundwaterresources2020,bymaincountryVolumeinbillioncubicmeters02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,600UnitedStatesChina1,383829Russia788Brazil646ColombiaIndonesiaMyanmarIndiaDRCongoCanada510457454432421370Peru303VenezuelaPapuaNewGuinea22721212Description:TheUnitedStateshasthelargestvolumeofrenewablegroundwaterresourcesworldwide,withanestimated1,383billioncubicmetersasof2020.Chinafollowed,withanestimated829billioncubicmetersofrenewablegroundwaterresources.Groundwateristhewaterfoundundergroundinthecracksandspacesinsoil,sand,androck.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):FAO(Aquastat)CHAPTER

03ConsumptionTotalwaterwithdrawalsinselectedcountriesworldwideasof2021(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalwaterwithdrawals2021,byselectcountryWithdrawalsinbillioncubicmeters200

3000100400500600China(2020)Colombia(2020)Mexico568.5101.289.978.5Japan(2019)Turkey(2020)Russia63.560.6Peru(2020)56Spain(2020)France(2020)SouthAfricaGermany(2019)SouthKorea(2020)Australia29.424.920.920.718.816.314Description:Chinaisamongstthecountrieswiththelargestwaterwithdrawalsworldwide,withtotalannualwithdrawalsofmorethan568billioncubicmeters.Meanwhile,Mexico'stotalwaterwithdrawalsamountedtonearly90billioncubicmetersin2021,orsome697cubicmetersofwaterperinhabitant.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021orlatestyearavailableSource(s):OECDWaterwithdrawalspercapitaworldwideasof2021,byselectcountry(incubicmetersperinhabitant)Globalwaterwithdrawalspercapita2021,byselectcountryPercapitawaterwithdrawalsincubicmeters02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,0002,200Colombia(2020)Peru(2020)AzerbaijanArmenia1,9881,6821,2571,063Greece947Turkey(2020)Estonia762747MexicoCostaRicaAustralia697668631Spain(2020)Japan(2019)Georgia62262258415Description:WaterwithdrawalspercapitainColombiaamountto1,988cubicmetersperinhabitant,accordingtothelatestavailabledatafrom2020.Thisisafarhighervolumethaninmanyothercountries,suchasChina,wherepercapitawaterwithdrawalswere395cubicmetersasof2020.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021orlatestyearavailableSource(s):OECDTotalwaterwithdrawalsworldwidein2020,byregion(inbillioncubicmetersperyear)Totalwaterwithdrawalsworldwide2020,byregionWithdrawalsinbillioncubicmeters1,50005001,0002,0002,5003,000AsiaAmericasEuropeAfrica2,636853286238Oceania1916Description:Asiarecordsbyfarthelargestwaterwithdrawalsworldwide,withmorethan2.6trillioncubicmetersin2020.Thisrepresentedroughlytwo-thirdsofglobalwaterwithdrawalsthatyear.Meanwhile,waterwithdrawalsinOceaniastoodbelow20billioncubicmetersin2020.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):FAO(Aquastat);Freshsurfacewaterwithdrawalsworldwidein2020,byleadingcountry(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalfreshsurfacewaterwithdrawals2020,bymaincountryWithdrawalsinbillioncubicmeters200

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300050100150350400450500550ChinaIndia479397UnitedStatesIndonesiaPakistanPhilippinesVietnamJapan333188128828070UzbekistanBrazil5857MexicoRussiaThailand54524717Description:Chinawithdrawsthelargestvolumeoffreshsurfacewaterworldwide,atanestimated479billioncubicmetersin2020.ThiswasfollowedbyIndiaandtheUnitedStates,eachwithmorethan300billioncubicmeterswithdrawnperyear.Surfacewaterisanybodyofwateraboveground,suchasrivers,lakes,andreservoirs.Brazilhasthelargestvolumeofrenewablesurfacewaterresourcesworldwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):FAO(Aquastat)Freshgroundwaterwithdrawalsworldwidein2020,byleadingcountry(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalfreshgroundwaterwithdrawals2020,bymaincountryWithdrawalsinbillioncubicmeters100

150050200250300IndiaUnitedStatesChina25111189PakistanIran6153Mexico3535IndonesiaBangladeshSaudiArabiaTurkey282217RussiaArgentinaBrazil12111018Description:Indiawithdrawsmorefreshgroundwaterthanothercountryintheworld,atanestimated251billioncubicmetersperyear.TheUnitedStatesfollowed,withapproximately111billioncubicmeterswithdrawn.GroundwateriswaterfoundbeneathEarth'ssurfaceinthecracksandspacesinsoil,sand,androck.TheUnitedStateshasthelargestrenewablegroundwaterresourcesworldwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):FAO(Aquastat)CHAPTER

04DrinkingwaterDistributionofpopulationwithaccesstodrinkingwaterworldwidein2015and2022,bysourceShareofglobalpopulationusingdrinkingwaterservices2015-2022,bysourceSafelymanagedBasicLimitedUnimprovedSurfacewater120%100%80%60%40%20%0%2015202220Description:Theproportionoftheworld'spopulationwithaccesstosafelymanageddrinkingwaterincreasedfrom69percentto73percentbetween2015and2022.Asof2022,fourpercentoftheworld'spopulationonlyhadaccesstounimproveddrinkingwaterservices.Unimproveddrinkingwatercomesfromunprotecteddugwellsorunprotectedsprings.Regionally,Sub-SaharanAfricaandOceaniahadthelowestshareofpopulationswithaccesstoatleastbasicdrinkingwaterservices.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2015and2022Source(s):UNICEF;WHODrinkingwatercoverageofurbanandruralpopulationsworldwidein2022,bywatersourceGlobalurbanandruraldrinkingwatercoverage2022,bywatersourceRuralareasUrbanareas90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%81%62%22%16%7%10%0%6%3%2%1%0%SurfacewaterUnimprovedLimitedBasicSafelymanaged21Description:In2022,81percentoftheworld'surbanpopulationhadaccesstosafelymanageddrinkingwaterservices.Incomparison,just62percentoftheruralpopulationhadaccesstosafelymanageddrinkingwater.91percentoftheglobalpopulationhadaccesstoatleastbasicdrinkingwaterservicesin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):UNICEF;WHOShareofregionalpopulationswithaccesstovariouswatersourcesworldwidein2022Regionaldrinkingwatercoverageworldwide2022,bywatersourceProportionofthepopulationSafelymanagedBasicLimited40%Unimproved60%Surfacewater80%0%20%100%120%Australia&NewZealandNorthernAmerica&EuropeLatinAmerica&theCaribbeanEasternAsia&South-easternAsiaWesternAsia&NorthernAfricaCentralAsia&SouthernAsiaSub-SaharanAfricaOceania22Description:In2022,100percentofthepopulationsinEurope,NorthAmerica,Australia,andNewZealandhadaccesstoatleastbasicdrinkingwaterservices.Incomparison,around30percentofthepopulationofSub-SaharanAfricahasaccesstojustlimitedorunimproveddrinkingwaterservices.Limiteddrinkingwatercomesfromanimprovedsource,forwhichcollectiontimeexceeds30minutesforaroundtrip(includingqueuing).Unimproved,however,isdrinkingwaterfromanunprotecteddugwell[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):UNICEF;WHONumberofpeoplewithoutbasicdrinkingwaterservicesworldwidein2000and2022(inmillions)Globalpopulationwithoutbasicdrinkingwaterservices2000-20221,4001,2001,00080060040020001,1507032000202223Description:Morethanonebillionpeoplelackedbasicdrinkingwaterservicesworldwidein2000.Overthefollowingtwodecadesthisnumberdecreased,andin2022hadfallento703millionpeople.Sub-SaharanAfricaandOceaniaaretheregionswiththeleastaccesstobasicdrinkingwaterservicesworldwide.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000and2022Source(s):UNICEF;WHOCountrieswherethelowestshareofthepopulationhasaccesstosafelymanageddrinkingwaterworldwidein2022Countrieswithlowestshareofpopulationwithaccesstocleandrinkingwater2022Shareofpopulationusingsafelymanagedwatersupplies10%

15%0%5%20%25%30%CentralAfricanRep.Chad6%6%Tuvalu9%SierraLeoneTanzaniaDRCongoEthiopiaKiribati10%11%12%13%14%Nepal16%LaosMalawi18%18%Uganda19%Madagascar22%24Description:IntheCentralAfricanRepublicandChad,onlysixpercentofthepopulationhasaccesstosafelymanageddrinkingwater,makingthemthecountriesintheworldwherethelowestshareofthepopulationhasaccesstocleandrinkingwater.AhighnumberofthecountriesonthelistarelocatedinSub-SaharanAfrica.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):UNICEFChangeintheshareofpopulationusingsafelymanageddrinkingwaterservicesinselectedcountriesworldwidefrom2015to2022Growthinglobalaccessibilitytosafedrinkingwater2015-2022,byselectcountryChangeinpercentagepoints0%5%10%15%20%25%30%BhutanGhanaJordan26%11%11%KyrgyzstanC?ted'IvoirePalau10%9%9%HungaryUzbekistanMoroccoPakistanMyanmarMongoliaUganda8%8%7%7%7%6%6%25Description:From2015through2022,thepopulationwithaccesstosafelymanageddrinkingwaterservicesinBhutanincreasedby26percentagepoints.Ontheotherhand,safedrinkingwateraccessibilityinNepaldroppedninepercentagepointsduringthesameperiodoftime.Altogether,about73percentoftheworld'spopulationhadaccesstosafelymanageddrinkingwaterservicesin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2015to2022Source(s):UNICEF;WHOCHAPTER

05SanitationNumberofpeoplewithaccesstosanitationfacilitiesworldwidein2000and2022,byfacilitytype(inbillions)Globalpopulationwithaccesstosanitationservices2000-2022,byfacilitytypeSafelymanagedBasicLimitedUnimprovedOpendefecation9.08.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00.00.420.540.570.520.60.560.760.980.710.531.170.840.481.321.931.850.960.421.811.070.351.741.621.424.514.33.612.942.381.9820002005201020152020202227Description:Anestimated4.5billionpeopleworldwidehadaccesstosafelymanagedsanitationservicesin2022.Thiswasanincreaseof2.5billionpeoplesincetheturnofthecentury.In2000,21.4percentoftheworld'spopulationpracticedopendefecation,butby2022thisfigurehadfallento5.3percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2022Source(s):JointMonitoringProgrammeWASHDistributionofpopulationwithaccesstosanitationservicesworldwidein2022,bytypeShareofglobalpopulationusingsanitationservices2022,bytypeOpendefecation5%Unimproved7%Limited7%Basic24%Safelymanaged57%28Description:Approximately57percentoftheglobalpopulationhadaccesstosafelymanagedsanitationservicesin2022.Thatsameyear,aroundsevenpercentoftheworld'spopulationonlyhadaccesstounimprovedsanitationservices,whileanadditionalfivepercentusedopendefecationsanitationservices.Theaccesstosanitationservicesworldwidehasbeenincreasingsincetheturnofthecentury.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):UNICEF;WHOProportionofregionalpopulationswithaccesstosanitationfacilitiesworldwidein2022,bytypeRegionalsanitationcoverageworldwide2022,byfacilitytypePercentageofthepopulationSafelymanaged20%BasicLimited40%Unimproved60%Opendefecation80%0%100%120%OceaniaSub-SaharanAfricaLatinAmerica&theCaribbeanNorthernAfrica&WesternAsiaCentral&SouthernAsiaEastern&South-easternAsiaAustralia&NewZealandEurope&NorthernAmericaWorld29Description:Regionalcoverageofsafelymanagedsanitationfacilitiesvariesgreatlyaroundtheworld.Roughly96percentofthepopulationsinAustraliaandNewZealand,andEuropeandNorthernAmericahadaccesstosafelymanagedservicesin2022.Incomparison,just24percenthadaccesstotheseservicesinSub-SaharanAfrica.Since2000,thenumberofpeoplewithaccesstosafelymanagedsanitationservicesisestimatedtohavemorethandoubledworldwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;*SAFELYMANAGED:UseofimprovedfacilitiesthatarenotsharedwithotherhouseholdsandwhereexcretaaresafelydisposedofinsituorremovedandtreatedoffsiteBASICUseofimprovedfacilitiesthatarenot[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):UNICEF;WHOCountrieswiththeleastaccesstosanitationservicesworldwidein2022Countrieswiththeworstsanitationservicesglobally2022Shareofpopulation0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%NigerChad65%63%SouthSudanBenin60%49%SaoTomeandPrincipeTogo42%39%Namibia37%Liberia35%34%34%33%BurkinaFasoMadagascarKiribatiMauritaniaCentralAfricanRepublicC?ted'IvoireSomalia27%25%21%21%30Description:Nigeristhecountrywiththeleastaccesstosanitationservicesworldwide.In2022,some65percentofNigerienpopulationstilldefecatedintheopen.ThiswasfollowedbyneighboringcountryChad,whereabout63percentofthepeopledefecatedintheopen.Thatyear,fivepercentoftheworld'spopulationonlyhadaccesstoopendefecationsanitationservices.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;FiguresrefertopercentageofpeoplewhostilldefecateintheopenSource(s):UNICEF;WHOCHAPTER

06ScarcityCountriesmostexposedtodroughtsworldwidein2023,byriskindexscoreCountrieswiththehighestdroughtexposure2023Indexscore024681012SomaliaNamibiaZimbabweSouthAfricaAfghanistanDjiboutiMauritaniaSyria109.49.49.18.98.67.97.8TajikistanKenya7.67Iraq6.9AustraliaJordanMaliMongolia6.76.76.76.732Description:Withariskindexscoreof10,Somaliawasthecountrymostexposedtodroughtriskworldwidein2023.NamibiaandZimbabwetiedforsecond,withariskindexscoreof9.4.Thatyear,sevenoutofthe10countriesmostexposedtodroughthazardworldwidewerelocatedinAfrica.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;March2023Source(s):EuropeanCommissionNumberofdroughtdisastersworldwidefrom1990to2022Globalnumberofdroughtdisasters1990-202230252015105033Description:In2022,therewere22droughtdisastersrecordedworldwide,upfrom16occurrencesrecordedayearearlier.2015recordedthehighestnumberofdroughtdisastersoverthepastthreedecades,with27registeredinasingleyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1990to2022Source(s):CatholicUniversityofLouvain;EM-DAT;IMFFreshwaterwithdrawalsasshareofavailablerenewablewaterresourcesinselectedcountriesworldwidein2022Globalfreshwaterwithdrawalsasshareofavailableresources2022,bycountryShareofavailablerenewablewaterresources20

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40010506070SouthAfrica(2021)Israel65.853.1Azerbaijan(2021)Armenia(2021)Turkey(2020)SouthKorea(2021)Spain(2020)4240.935.228.127.5China(2020)Mexico(2021)Belgium(2021)Romania(2020)Japan(2019)19.919.919.318.718.7Poland1734Description:Morethan65percentoftotalfreshwaterwithdrawalsinSouthAfricacomefromthecountry'savailablerenewablewaterresources.Incontrast,Denmark'savailableresourcesaccountedforsome5.7percentofwaterabstractionsinthecountryin2022.Thatyear,Icelandhadthelargestrenewablewaterresourcespercapitaworldwide.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022orlatestyearavailableSource(s):OECDNumberofconflictsinvolvingwaterworldwidefrom2000to2023,byroleofwaterintheconflictNumberofwater-relatedconflictsglobally2000-2023,byroleofwaterWaterastriggeroftheconflict300WaterascasualtyoftheconflictWaterasweaponintheconflict2502001501005002000

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