中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解之獲取主旨大意課件

王向東閱讀理解之

獲取主旨大意主旨大意題的常見設(shè)問方式“審”—先審問題和選項(xiàng)，做到心中有數(shù)。“定”—速讀首尾，定位信息，明確主題?！案拧薄珳?zhǔn)概括，不大不小，不偏不倚。主旨大意題的選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：概括全文或段落主要內(nèi)容，內(nèi)容全面，含義深刻。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中往往有一個(gè)是正確選項(xiàng)。通常不含細(xì)節(jié)信息和表示絕對(duì)含義的詞。干擾選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：以偏概全：概括內(nèi)容過于狹窄，只闡述文章局部?jī)?nèi)容或文章主題的一個(gè)側(cè)面。斷章取義：以文章中的個(gè)別信息或個(gè)別字眼作為選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，或以次要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文主要觀點(diǎn)。主題擴(kuò)大：即歸納概括的范圍過大，超過文章實(shí)際討論范圍。似是而非：關(guān)鍵詞好像在文章中某個(gè)地方提到，但認(rèn)真分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)與文章內(nèi)容毫無(wú)關(guān)系。張冠李戴：命題者有意把屬于A的特征放在B上。先找主題句，常在首尾段、段落首尾句出現(xiàn)。若無(wú)主題句，分析語(yǔ)篇、段落結(jié)構(gòu)，總結(jié)中心思想。若無(wú)主題句，利用高頻詞、信息詞進(jìn)行邏輯梳理，總結(jié)大意。北京中考主旨大意題類型分布年份文章體裁難度Paragraph段落Passage全文2016C篇說明文★★★2017閱讀答問★★★★2018C篇說明文★★★2019閱讀答問★★★2021C篇說明文★★★2021D篇議論文★★★★__28___

Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful.“Ifchildrenarelearningaboutvegetablesatschool,it’simportanttoencouragethisinterest,”saysJones.Parentscanlistentotheirchildrenaboutwhattheyhavelearnedandreadthehandoutstheybringhomefromschool.Parentsandchildrencanalsoreadbookstogether.Youngerchildrencanenjoyreadingstoriesaboutvegetableswithparentswhoofferusefulmessages.Olderchildrenmayenjoysearchingthroughcookbookswithparentstofindnewdinnerideastocookvegetablesinatastyway.Besides,asmallplanterboxinasunnypartathomecanencouragechildrentounderstandmoreaboutwheretheirfoodcomesfrom.28.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestheadingforParagaph4?A.IdeastoEncourageChildrentoCookatHomeB.WaystoExposeChildrentoVegetablesatHomeC.ReasonsWhyParentsShouldUnderstandChildrenD.SuggestionsWhichChildrenCouldGetfromParents2021年中考C篇斷章取義斷章取義以偏概全I(xiàn)nthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.50.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.

B.Encouragementtoleft-handers.

C.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.

D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.并未提及張冠李戴斷章取義2016年中考C篇Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接觸)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded—usingtheinformationonthechildren’saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness(注意力不集中)weregradedwithcomputers.27.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout

.howthestudywasperformed whatwasrecordedinthestudyhowlongthestudylasted whotookpartinthestudy②2018年中考C篇以偏概全無(wú)中生有斷章取義Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗爭(zhēng))againsthumannature.Wearebornwithwildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearntoadapt(適應(yīng)),progressandraiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.30.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Culturebelongstohumannature.B.Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.C.Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.D.Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.2021年中考D篇②似是而非張冠李戴張冠李戴64．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout？④2017年中考閱讀答問Manysurnameswerebasedonfather﹣sonrelations．The“sonof”partwasaddedtothefather‘sfirstname，likeJohnson，meaningJohn’sson．Sometimesitwasshortenedtojust“s”，asinJonesorEvans.SurnameslikeHilldescribedtheplacewhereapersonlived．Theyarethemostcommontypeofsurname．A

thirdkindofsurnamewasbasedonaperson‘sjob．Foresterwassomeonewholookedaftertheforest．Inthe

MiddleAges，occupationnamessuchasBaker，Carpenter，andMillerbecamecommon．Thefourthkindof

surnamewasnickname（綽號(hào)）．AmanwhosesurnamewasBearmightbeasfierceasabear．Thespeedandforceofthehugewavestheremakesitimpossibletoknowinadvancewhentheyarecoming.Thatcouldbedangerousfornavigatorsandlocalcom