Unit5TheValueofMoneyDiscoveringUsefulStructures課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞cancouldmaymightmustshallshouldoughttowillwouldcan和could1.表示“能力”。could表示過(guò)去具備的能力。beableto表示具體情況下具有的能力，并且做了某動(dòng)作。beableto除有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)外，還可有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式等。Shecandrive，butshecan’trideabicycle.Icouldswimallthewayacrossthelake，butIcan’tnow.ThisistheinformationI’vebeenabletogetsofar.can和could2）can't

表猜測(cè)。只用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句。

can't表示“一定不”?，F(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)can’tdo/be

現(xiàn)在正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作can’tbedoing過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) can’thavedonecan和could3)用于表示“許可”、“請(qǐng)求”。(請(qǐng)求時(shí),用could比can更婉轉(zhuǎn),回答用can)CanIgowithyou(請(qǐng)求)

我能跟你一起走嗎？2)FathersaidIcouldgotocinema.(表示過(guò)去的許可)爸爸說(shuō)我可以去看電影。3)CouldIaskyousomething我可以問(wèn)你一件事嗎？Youcouldhavepassedtheinterview.你本來(lái)可以通過(guò)面試的。（實(shí)際上沒(méi)能）Youcouldatleasthavesentfivecards.你至少可以寄5張明信片的。（實(shí)際上沒(méi)能）Icouldhaverun100metresin12seconds.

我本來(lái)能用12秒鐘完100米的.（實(shí)際上沒(méi)能）4）couldhavedone指本來(lái)能做而實(shí)際未做，表達(dá)遺憾的感情色彩。一般沒(méi)有否定形式。maymight1)表示“請(qǐng)求”，“許可”。may用于正式場(chǎng)合。might表示委婉客氣，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。Studentsmaytake3bookseach.MightIaskwhetheryouareusingthetypewriter注意：May/mightIsmokehere--------Yes,youmay.Yes,please./Certainly.--------No,youmustn’t./Pleasedon’t./You’dbetternot.may,might2）表示推測(cè)“可能性”時(shí)，意思是“可能”、“也許”。一般用于肯定句或否定句，might不表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，只是表示的可能性更小。

現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)may/mightdo/be現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作may/mightbedoing過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) may/mighthavedoneHemay/mightbesleepingnow.

Thesestudentsmay/mighthaveseenthefilmbefore.（過(guò)去）注意：may,might表推測(cè)時(shí)，可用于否定句，意思是“可能不、也許不”，但不用于疑問(wèn)句。Theboymay/mightnotbewatchingTVathome.

這個(gè)男孩可能沒(méi)在家看電視Hemay/mightbeAmerican.他可能是個(gè)美國(guó)人。3）mighthavedone

表示“(過(guò)去)本來(lái)可能做某事，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做到”。Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp，eventhoughhewasverybusy.即使再忙，他也可能再多給你一些幫助的。1.TomcomesfromAustralia;hespeakEnglishverywell.

2.Iheardyouboughtanewbook.Ihavealook

3.It________behismother,forshehasbeenillathomeforalongtime.

4.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim—Don’tworry.He_______notcome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.5.Mywalletwasgone.I_______haveleftitontheG9bus.canMaycan’tmightcouldExercisemust(1)表義務(wù)、必要性、命令等，表示“必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法。否定回答時(shí)用needn’t，表示“不必”?！癕ustIwashthedishesatonce？”“No，youneedn’t.”“我得立刻洗這些盤子嗎？”“不，不必。”【注】mustn’t表“禁止、不準(zhǔn)”。Youmustn’tplaywiththeknife；youmayhurtyourself.你不可玩刀子，你會(huì)把自己割傷的?，F(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) mustdo/be現(xiàn)在所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 mustbedoing過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)musthavedonemust(2)表猜測(cè)。只表示肯定的猜測(cè)。譯為“一定”。2）Hemustbedoinghisexercises.他一定在做練習(xí)。1）Ithinkhemustbeallrightnow.

我想他現(xiàn)在一定好了。3）Hemusthavefinishedthework.他一定已完成了工作。注：must表示推測(cè)時(shí)很少用于將來(lái)的情況。一般不用Hemustcometomorrow.可用It’scertain/I’msurethathewillcometomorrow.（3）在反意疑問(wèn)句中，當(dāng)附屬部分含有表示推測(cè)意義的must時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與must后面的動(dòng)詞在非推測(cè)情況下的用法保持一致。Hemustbeaworker,isn’the他準(zhǔn)時(shí)個(gè)工人，是嗎？YoumusthavelearnedEnglishformanyyears,haven’tyou（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）你一定學(xué)了好多年英語(yǔ)，是嗎？比較：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit（過(guò)去）Hemusthavearrivedbyyesterdaymorning,hadn’the（過(guò)去完成）shall(1)用于疑問(wèn)句中，與第一、三人稱連用，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)ShallshegototheconcertwithusShallwegooutforawalk(2)用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人的命令、警告、強(qiáng)制、允諾、威脅或決心等Don’tworry.Youshallgettheanswerthisveryafternoon.不要焦急，今天下午你就會(huì)得到答復(fù)。(允諾)Heshallbesorryoneday.Itellyou.我告訴你，他早晚有一天會(huì)后悔的。(警告)should,oughtto1)表示責(zé)備和勸告，意為“應(yīng)該”，后者的語(yǔ)氣重些。Weshouldattendthemeeting.我們應(yīng)該參加這次會(huì)議。(2)可表猜測(cè)。(有很大的可能性。)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)should/oughttodo/be現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作should/oughttobedoing過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)should/oughttohavedoneshould(3)(表驚訝、遺憾)竟然；居然I’mgladthatyourstoryshouldhavewonthefirstprize.我很高興你的小說(shuō)居然贏得頭獎(jiǎng)。(4)(與疑問(wèn)詞連用，表示意外、納悶、驚訝等)究竟是；到底WhoshouldcomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty！我當(dāng)是誰(shuí)進(jìn)來(lái)了，原來(lái)是我的老朋友貝蒂呀！1.Weshouldhavestudiedlastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.

我們昨晚本應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)的，但我們卻去看音樂(lè)會(huì)了。（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)）2.Weoughttohaveinvitedeveryone.我們應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)每一個(gè)人的。should/oughttohavedone，“本應(yīng)該”。過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作。(2)shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone，“本不應(yīng)該”。過(guò)去不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際做了的動(dòng)作。我只告訴了你。你不應(yīng)該告訴其他人的。Ionlytoldyou.Youshouldn'thavetoldotherpeople.will，would

1)表示某種“意愿,意志，決心”,would則更客氣。2.Willyouacceptthisinvitation你愿意接受這邀請(qǐng)嗎？1.Iwillcallyouassoonaspossible.我會(huì)盡快打給你。3.Shewilldoitifyouaskher.

如果你問(wèn)她，她會(huì)做的。will,would

2)表示"請(qǐng)求"(用would比will表示更客氣)1.Willyoukindlytellmethewaytothepostoffice請(qǐng)問(wèn)到郵局怎么走？2.Wouldyougivemeyouraddress

請(qǐng)你告訴我你的地址，好嗎？will,would

3)will和would表示"習(xí)慣性"2.HewouldcometoseemewhenhewasinLondon.(would表示習(xí)慣地)他在倫敦時(shí)，常來(lái)看望我。1.Hewillsittherehourafterhourlookingattheriver.

(will表示經(jīng)常地)他經(jīng)常一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在那兒看著河水。would：“總是，總要”，過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作usedto：“過(guò)去常?！?，現(xiàn)在已沒(méi)有這種習(xí)慣。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)※usedto可與狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用,would不可以e.g.Heusedtobeaquietboy.()Hewouldbeaquietboy.()√×wouldusedtowill,would其他用法(4)(表示說(shuō)話者的厭煩、焦躁)老是；偏要That’sexactlylikeSusie.Shewill/wouldcometomejustwhenIam/wasbusy.

蘇西就是那個(gè)樣子，她老是在我忙碌的時(shí)候來(lái)找我。(5)(用于否定句中，主語(yǔ)一般是事物，表示某事物暫時(shí)的特性)就是(不能)Thatwindowwouldn’t/won’topen.那扇窗戶打不開?？杉孀鲂袨閯?dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：needDoyouneedanyhelpYouneedn’tfinishthatworktoday.Ineedhardlytellyouthattheworkisdangerous.needn’thavedone“本來(lái)不需要……”，表示過(guò)去本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做某事，但事實(shí)上卻做了。Ineedn’thavegotupsoearly;butmyneighborswokemeup.我本來(lái)不必那么早起來(lái)的。可是隔壁鄰居把我吵醒了。

Therewasplentyoftime.Sheneedn’thavehurried.當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)間很充足，她本沒(méi)有必要那么匆忙的。can和could

“能力”?！霸S可”、“請(qǐng)求”猜測(cè)（否定句和疑問(wèn)句）本來(lái)能做(could)虛擬maymight1.“請(qǐng)求”，“許可”2.猜測(cè)must1.必須2.猜測(cè)(肯定猜測(cè))3.禁止（mustn't）4.反意疑問(wèn)句shall1.征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)(第一、三人稱）2.說(shuō)話人的命令、警告、強(qiáng)制、允諾、威脅或決心(第二、三人稱）reviewshould,oughtto1.義務(wù)，勸告2.推測(cè)3.本應(yīng)該；本不應(yīng)該（虛擬）will,would1.意愿2.習(xí)慣needn't不必本來(lái)不需要（虛擬）reviewwouldhavedone本來(lái)過(guò)去會(huì)做某事卻沒(méi)有做couldhavedone表示本來(lái)過(guò)去能夠做而實(shí)際未做。should/oughttohavedone表示本來(lái)過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際未做。shouldn't/oughtn'ttohavedone表示過(guò)去不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上做了needn'thavedone表示本不必要做某事而實(shí)際做了musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況進(jìn)行肯定的猜測(cè),意為“一定已經(jīng)”may/mighthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的可能性猜測(cè)。can'thavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生某事的否定猜測(cè),意為“肯定不,絕不可能”。虛擬推測(cè)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(ThePastFutureTense)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)句子中有時(shí)包含時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)thenextday、soon等。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“woud+動(dòng)詞原形”,否定式是在woud后面加not。如:Jeffknewhewouldbetiredthenextday.杰夫知道他第二天會(huì)很累。Hepromisedthathewouldnotopentheletteruntil2o’clock.他許諾兩點(diǎn)鐘之前不會(huì)打開信。除了上述結(jié)構(gòu),begoingto、beaboutto等結(jié)構(gòu)也用在過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)中,如:TheyweregoingtofindsomeonetotakepartintheirbetwhentheysawHenrywalkingonthestreetoutside.他們正準(zhǔn)備找一個(gè)人來(lái)參與他們的賭局,這時(shí),他們看到亨利走在外面的大街上。MrsThomsonwasabouttositdowntowatchtheoperawhenherphonerang.湯姆森夫人剛要坐下看劇的時(shí)候,她的響了。1.begoingto表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮或事先做好安排，而will則表示沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮，只是在說(shuō)話時(shí)做出的決定。如：WhatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowupThere’ssomeoneatthedoor.I’llgoandopenit.2.will可用來(lái)表示事物的傾向性或規(guī)律性，而begoingto則沒(méi)有這種用法。如：Peoplewon’tlivewithoutwater.begoingto和will3.表示將來(lái)意義的will不可用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，但可以用在帶條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中。will表示“意愿”時(shí)可以用在條件句中。如：Ifyouaregoingtojoinus,wewillwaitforyou.

Ifyouwillgivemeahand,I’lltellyouwhathappened.(第一個(gè)will在此表意愿)4.

強(qiáng)調(diào)從目前的證據(jù)或跡象推測(cè)可能發(fā)生某事時(shí)，常用begoingto。如：Whatbadweather!Itisgoingtorain.

導(dǎo)學(xué)稿答案(A)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.TomcomesfromAustralia;hespeakEnglishverywell.

2.Iheardyouboughtanewbook.Ihavealook

3.Ifyoupassthedrivingtest,yougetanewcar.

4.Itissunnytoday;wetakeanumbrella.

5.youliketohavedinnerwithme

6.Jacksetoutatseveninthemorning;hebeherenow.

7.Whenyoucrossthestreet,youbecarefulwiththepassingcars.

8.Itbehismother,forshehasbeenillathomeforalongtime.

9.Icometothepartywithyou,butIamnotsure.

10.Whenhewasyoung,he_climbthesmallhilleverymorning.

canMaycanshallshouldWouldmustmustcan’tmaywould(B)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1.Hepromisedhe

attendthemeetingontime.

2.Iwasn'tsurewhetherhe

comethenextdaysoIgavehimacall.

3.Shewasfifty-eightthen.Intwoyears,she

besixty.

4.Hesaidthathe

(leave)atsixthenextday.

5.Hesaidthathewasgoing

(live)inthecountrywhenheretired.

6.Hehopedhiswife

(come)soon.

7.Hewasabout

_____

(leave)whensomeoneknockedatthedoorofhisoffice.

8.Itwasreportedthatanotherbridgewas

(build)acrosstheriverthenextyear.

9.Hetoldusthathewasgoing

(attend)animportantmeetingthenextday.

10.Hewas

tohavelunchwhenthebellrang.

wouldwouldwouldwasleavingtoleavewascomingtoleavetobebuilttoattendabout（）1.---WhereisEmma---Ican’tsayforsurewheresheis,butshe___beoutshopping.A.can B.should C.must D.may（）2.There'snolighton—they______beathome.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't（）3.—Theroomissodirty．____wecleanit？—Ofcourse．A．Will B．Shall C．Would D．Do（）4.You_____betired,you'veonlybeenworkingfortenminutes.A.mustnotB.won't C.can't D.maynotDABC（）5.Peter____comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.

A.must

B.can

C.may

D.will（）6.Michael________beapoliceman,forhe'smuchtooshort.

A.needn't

B.can't

C.shouldn't

D.won't（）7.Ithoughtyou________behungry,soIhavebroughtyousomecakes.

A.may

B.might

C.can

D.couldCBB（）8.Comeon!We__________hurrybecausethereisn'tmuchtimeleft.

A.may

B.must

C.can

D.need（）9.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack

__________behereatanymoment.

A.must

B.need

C.should

D.can（）10.You____allthoseclothes!Wehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthing