標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)方法膠帶法測(cè)量附著力

Designation:D3359–02名稱：D3359-02StandardTestMethodsforMeasuringAdhesionbyTapeTest1ASTMD3359-09標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法膠帶法測(cè)量附著力ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD3359;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是D3359擬定了以后發(fā)行的。數(shù)字代表名稱最初通過的時(shí)間，或者修訂情況，和最新版本。括號(hào)內(nèi)的數(shù)字代表最新重新審批時(shí)間。上標(biāo)代表最新版本的變化或重新審批。ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)被國防機(jī)構(gòu)部門批準(zhǔn)使用。1.Scope范圍1.1Thesetestmethodscoverproceduresforassessingtheadhesionofcoatingfilmstometallicsubstratesbyapplyingandremovingpressure-sensitivetapeovercutsmadeinthefilm.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法是規(guī)定通過在漆膜切割區(qū)施加和撕離壓敏膠帶的方式，對(duì)漆膜與金屬底材之間的附著力進(jìn)行評(píng)估的程序1.2TestMethodAisprimarilyintendedforuseatjobsiteswhileTestMethodBismoresuitableforuseinthelaboratory.Also,TestMethodBisnotconsideredsuitableforfilmsthickerthan5mils(125μm).實(shí)驗(yàn)方法A重要是供工作場(chǎng)合用，而實(shí)驗(yàn)方法B更適合實(shí)驗(yàn)室使用。實(shí)驗(yàn)方法B被視為不適合厚度超過5毫英寸（125微米）的漆膜。NOTE1—Subjecttoagreementbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller,TestMethodBcanbeusedforthickerfilmsifwiderspacedcutsareemployed.注1-根據(jù)買賣雙方的協(xié)議，假如切割間距較寬，漆膜較厚時(shí)可采用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法B。1.3Thesetestmethodsareusedtoestablishwhethertheadhesionofacoatingtoasubstrateisatagenerallyadequatelevel.Theydonotdistinguishbetweenhigherlevelsofadhesionforwhichmoresophisticatedmethodsofmeasurementarerequired.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法用于總體鑒定涂層與底材之間的附著力是否達(dá)成足夠的水平。假如附著力較高，本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法無法精確地區(qū)分附著力的差別，需要使用更精確的測(cè)量方法。NOTE2—Itshouldberecognizedthatdifferencesinadherabilityofthecoatingsurfacecanaffecttheresultsobtainedwithcoatingshavingthesameinherentadhesion.注2-應(yīng)當(dāng)注意到，涂層內(nèi)在附著力相同的情況下，涂覆面附著性的差別會(huì)影響測(cè)量結(jié)果。1.4Inmulticoatsystemsadhesionfailuremayoccurbetweencoatssothattheadhesionofthecoatingsystemtothesubstrateisnotdetermined.多層涂層體系也許出現(xiàn)層間脫落，無法擬定涂層體系與底材之間的附著力。1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.SI單位的數(shù)值被視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，括號(hào)內(nèi)的數(shù)值僅供參考.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并沒有指出與其使用相關(guān)的所有安全事項(xiàng)。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的用戶應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)在使用之前采用適當(dāng)?shù)陌踩托l(wèi)生措施，并擬定各項(xiàng)管理限制條件的合用性2.ReferencedDocuments參考文獻(xiàn)2.1ASTMStandards:美國材料與實(shí)驗(yàn)協(xié)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)D609PracticeforPreparationofCold-RolledSteelPanelsforTestingPaint,Varnish,ConversionCoatings,andRelatedCoatingProducts2D609-涂料,清漆,轉(zhuǎn)化涂層和相關(guān)覆層產(chǎn)品的測(cè)試-用冷軋鋼板制備的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)行規(guī)范D823PracticesforProducingFilmsofUniformThicknessofPaint,Varnish,andRelatedProductsonTestPanels2D823-色漆,清漆,噴漆及有關(guān)產(chǎn)品制成厚度均勻漆膜試片的方法D1000TestMethodForPressure-SensitiveAdhesive-CoatedTapesUsedforElectricalandElectronicApplications3D1000-電氣設(shè)備用壓合敏感膠粘劑涂覆帶的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法D1730PracticesforPreparationofAluminumandAluminum-AlloySurfacesforPainting4D1730-涂漆用鋁和鋁合金表面預(yù)解決標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)行規(guī)范D2092GuideforPreparationofZinc-Coated(Galvanized)SteelSurfacesforPainting5D2092-用于涂漆的鍍鋅鋼材表面預(yù)解決的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指南D2370TestMethodforTensilePropertiesofOrganicCoatings2D2370-有機(jī)涂層抗拉性能的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法。D3330TestMethodforPeelAdhesionofPressure-SensitiveTape6D3330-壓敏膠帶剝離強(qiáng)度測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)D3924SpecificationforStandardEnvironmentforConditioningandTestingPaint,Varnish,Lacquer,andRelatedMaterials2D3924-色漆,清漆,噴漆和相關(guān)物質(zhì)狀態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)和實(shí)驗(yàn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)環(huán)境規(guī)范D4060TestMethodforAbrasionResistanceofOrganicCoatingsbytheTaberAbraser2D4060-用泰伯爾磨蝕機(jī)測(cè)定有機(jī)涂層耐磨性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法3.SummaryofTestMethods實(shí)驗(yàn)方法摘要3.1TestMethodA—AnX-cutismadethroughthefilmtothesubstrate,pressure-sensitivetapeisappliedoverthecutandthenremoved,andadhesionisassessedqualitativelyonthe0to5scale.實(shí)驗(yàn)方法A：一個(gè)X切口貫通漆膜和底材，在切口處施加和移除壓敏膠帶，粘附力按照0-5等級(jí)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。3.2TestMethodB—Alatticepatternwitheithersixorelevencutsineachdirectionismadeinthefilmtothesubstrate,pressure-sensitivetapeisappliedoverthelatticeandthenremoved,andadhesionisevaluatedbycomparisonwithdescriptionsandillustrations.實(shí)驗(yàn)方法B：在涂層與底材之間切割出六道或十一道格形狀的切痕，在格之間施加和移除壓敏膠帶，通過圖表描述對(duì)比來評(píng)估粘附力。4.SignificanceandUse意義和用途4.1Ifacoatingistofulfillitsfunctionofprotectingordecoratingasubstrate,itmustadheretoitfortheexpectedservicelife.Becausethesubstrateanditssurfacepreparation(orlackofit)haveadrasticeffectontheadhesionofcoatings,amethodtoevaluateadhesionofacoatingtodifferentsubstratesorsurfacetreatments,orofdifferentcoatingstothesamesubstrateandtreatment,isofconsiderableusefulnessintheindustry.假如涂層能保護(hù)或裝飾底材，必須要達(dá)成預(yù)期的服務(wù)壽命。由于涂層的附著性對(duì)底材和其表面解決（或缺少）有強(qiáng)烈的影響，用同一種方法來評(píng)估不同底材涂層或表面解決，或同一底材和表面解決但不同涂層被視為無用1ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD01onPaintandRelatedCoatings,Materials,andApplicationsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD01.23onPhysicalPropertiesofAppliedPaintFilms.CurrenteditionapprovedAug.10,2023.PublishedOctober2023.OriginallypublishedasD3359–74.LastpreviouseditionD3359–97.2AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol06.01.3AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol10.01.4AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol02.05.5AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol06.02.6AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol15.09.此測(cè)試方法在美國材料與實(shí)驗(yàn)協(xié)會(huì)D01是關(guān)于油漆和相關(guān)涂層、材料、應(yīng)用軟件和關(guān)于油漆涂層的物理性能D01.23的權(quán)限下進(jìn)行的。最新版本在2023年8月10號(hào)被認(rèn)可。2023年10月出版。最初出版是D3359-74，上一個(gè)版本是D3359-97。4.2Thelimitationsofalladhesionmethodsandthespecificlimitationofthistestmethodtolowerlevelsofadhesion(see1.3)shouldberecognizedbeforeusingit.Theintra-andinter-laboratoryprecisionofthistestmethodissimilartootherwidely-acceptedtestsforcoatedsubstrates(forexample,TestMethodD2370andTestMethodD4060),butthisispartlytheresultofitbeinginsensitivetoallbutlargedifferencesinadhesion.Thelimitedscaleof0to5wasselecteddeliberatelytoavoidafalseimpressionofbeingsensitive.在使用前，應(yīng)認(rèn)可所有附著力方法的局限性和這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法對(duì)較低檔附著力（見1.3）的特殊限制。內(nèi)部多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室所進(jìn)行的精密度的這種測(cè)試方法類似于其他已被廣泛接受涂層測(cè)試(如測(cè)試方法D2370及測(cè)試方法D4060),為避免敏感的假象而刻意限定0-5等級(jí)范圍。TESTMETHODA—X-CUTTAPETEST實(shí)驗(yàn)方法A：劃X法膠帶測(cè)試5.ApparatusandMaterials儀器和材料5.1CuttingTool—Sharprazorblade,scalpel,knifeorothercuttingdevices.Itisofparticularimportancethatthecuttingedgesbeingoodcondition.切削刀具：——鋒利的刀片、手術(shù)刀、刀或者其他切削設(shè)備。5.2CuttingGuide—Steelorotherhardmetalstraightedgetoensurestraightcuts.引導(dǎo)切割——鋼制或其他金屬制的直尺或夾具來保證直線切割。5.3Tape—25-mm(1.0-in.)widesemitransparentpressuresensitivetape7withanadhesionstrengthagreeduponbythesupplierandtheuserisneeded.Becauseofthevariabilityinadhesionstrengthfrombatch-to-batchandwithtime,itisessentialthattapefromthesamebatchbeusedwhentestsaretoberunindifferentlaboratories.Ifthisisnotpossible，thetestmethodshouldbeusedonlyforrankingaseriesoftestcoatings.膠帶——經(jīng)供應(yīng)商和用戶批準(zhǔn)的25mm寬的半透明的透明具有粘合力壓敏膠粘帶。由于粘合力是隨著時(shí)間和批次不同是變化的，故各個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行測(cè)試時(shí)所使用的膠帶要是同一批次的。假如無法做到這一點(diǎn)，此測(cè)試方法應(yīng)僅合用于一系列涂層測(cè)試的排名。5.4RubberEraser,ontheendofapencil.鉛筆一頭的橡皮擦5.5Illumination—Alightsourceishelpfulindeterminingwhetherthecutshavebeenmadethroughthefilmtothesubstrate.照明燈源（如手電筒）——當(dāng)在漆膜與底材之間開有切割時(shí)，光源是有很有幫助的。6.TestSpecimens試樣6.1Whenthistestmethodisusedinthefield,thespecimenisthecoatedstructureorarticleonwhichtheadhesionistobeevaluated.當(dāng)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法在實(shí)地使用時(shí)，被測(cè)試的結(jié)構(gòu)或物品上的粘附力都將要被評(píng)估。6.2Forlaboratoryuseapplythematerialstobetestedtopanelsofthecompositionandsurfaceconditionsonwhichitisdesiredtodeterminetheadhesion.實(shí)驗(yàn)室使用申請(qǐng)材料進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),通過測(cè)試板的成份的和表面情況來評(píng)估附著力。NOTE3—ApplicabletestpaneldescriptionandsurfacepreparationmethodsaregiveninPracticeD609andPracticesD1730andD2092.備注3：——合用的測(cè)試板描述和表面解決方法見D609和D1730、D2092。NOTE4—CoatingsshouldbeappliedinaccordancewithPracticeD823,orasagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.備注4：——涂層應(yīng)按照D823，或者買方和賣方之間所達(dá)成的協(xié)議。NOTE5—Ifdesiredorspecified,thecoatedtestpanelsmaybesubjectedtoapreliminaryexposuresuchaswaterimmersion,saltspray,orhighhumiditybeforeconductingthetapetest.Theconditionsandtimeofexposurewillbegovernedbyultimatecoatinguseorshallbeagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandseller.備注5：——如需要或已列明，規(guī)定，涂層測(cè)試板在進(jìn)行測(cè)試前也許需先暴露于/如：浸在水中，鹽霧或高濕度中。浸泡的時(shí)間和條件應(yīng)取決于涂層產(chǎn)品的最終用途或者買方和賣方之間達(dá)成的協(xié)議。7.Procedure程序7.1Selectanareafreeofblemishesandminorsurfaceimperfections.Fortestsinthefield,ensurethatthesurfaceiscleananddry.Extremesintemperatureorrelativehumiditymayaffecttheadhesionofthetapeorthecoating.在實(shí)地做此實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，需保證試樣涂層表面要清潔干燥。高溫和高濕會(huì)影響膠帶附著力。7.1.1Forspecimenswhichhavebeenimmersed:Afterimmersion,cleanandwipethesurfacewithanappropriatesolventwhichwillnotharmtheintegrityofthecoating.Thendryorpreparethesurface,orboth,asagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.根據(jù)買方和賣方之間雙方達(dá)成的協(xié)議，對(duì)于被浸泡的樣件，浸泡完以后用適當(dāng)?shù)娜軇ú荒軗p害涂層）擦凈表面，然后讓其干燥7.2Maketwocutsinthefilmeachabout40mm(1.5in.)longthatintersectneartheirmiddlewithasmallerangleofbetween30and45°.Whenmakingtheincisions,usethestraightedgeandcutthroughthecoatingtothesubstrateinonesteadymotion.用刀具沿直線穩(wěn)定地切割漆臘至底材，夾角30-45°，劃線40mm長(zhǎng)，交叉點(diǎn)在線長(zhǎng)的中間7.3Inspecttheincisionsforreflectionoflightfromthemetalsubstratetoestablishthatthecoatingfilmhasbeenpenetrated.IfthesubstratehasnotbeenreachedmakeanotherXinadifferentlocation.Donotattempttodeepenapreviouscutasthismayaffectadhesionalongtheincision.用燈光照明查看鋼質(zhì)基底的反射，擬定劃痕是否到底材，假如沒有，在不同位置再劃一個(gè)X。不要試圖加深以前切口的深度，這樣也許影響切口處的附著性。7.4Removetwocompletelapsofthepressure-sensitivetapefromtherollanddiscard.Removeanadditionallengthatasteady(thatis,notjerked)rateandcutapieceabout75mm(3in.)long.除去壓敏膠帶上面的兩圈，然后以穩(wěn)定的速率拉開膠帶，剪下長(zhǎng)約75mm7.5Placethecenterofthetapeattheintersectionofthecutswiththetaperunninginthesamedirectionasthesmallerangles.Smooththetapeintoplacebyfingerintheareaoftheincisionsandthenrubfirmlywiththeeraserontheendofapencil.Thecolorunderthetransparenttapeisausefulindicationofwhengoodcontacthasbeenmade.把膠帶中間放在切割處的交叉點(diǎn)上，用手指壓平，為了保證膠帶與涂層接觸良好，再用鉛筆頂端的橡皮擦用力摩平膠帶，透過透明膠帶析顏色可以幫助我們看出與漆膜接觸的狀態(tài)密實(shí)限度7.6Within90±30sofapplication,removethetapebyseizingthefreeendandpullingitoffrapidly(notjerked)backuponitselfatasclosetoanangleof180°aspossible.在貼上膠帶90±30秒內(nèi)，扯住膠帶懸空的一端，快速地并盡也許保證拉力沿180的方向進(jìn)行撕離膠帶。7.7InspecttheX-cutareaforremovalofcoatingfromthesubstrateorpreviouscoatingandratetheadhesioninaccordancewiththefollowingscale:按照下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行檢查底材涂層脫落的X切口面積情況:5ANopeelingorremoval,沒有脫皮或脫皮4ATracepeelingorremovalalongincisionsorattheirintersection,沿刀痕或在其交叉口處有脫皮或脫落的痕跡3AJaggedremovalalongincisionsupto1.6mm(1/16in.)oneitherside,刀痕兩邊都有缺口狀脫落達(dá)1.6mm2AJaggedremovalalongmostofincisionsupto3.2mm(1/8in.)oneitherside,刀痕兩邊都有缺口狀脫落達(dá)3.2mm1ARemovalfrommostoftheareaoftheXunderthetape,

膠帶下的X區(qū)域內(nèi)大部分脫落0ARemovalbeyondtheareaoftheX.脫落面各超過X區(qū)域。7.8Repeatthetestintwootherlocationsoneachtestpanel.Forlargestructuresmakesufficientteststoensurethattheadhesionevaluationisrepresentativeofthewholesurface.在每個(gè)測(cè)試板的此外兩個(gè)地方反復(fù)測(cè)試。對(duì)大型結(jié)構(gòu)需充足實(shí)驗(yàn)以保證了粘合力評(píng)估以代表整個(gè)表面。7.9Aftermakingseveralcutsexaminethecuttingedgeand,ifnecessary,removeanyflatspotsorwire-edgebyabradinglightlyonafineoilstonebeforeusingagain.Discardcuttingtoolsthatdevelopnicksorotherdefectsthattearthefilm.切割了幾個(gè)切口以后，檢查切口邊，假如需要，使用以前用油石輕微磨擦去除斑點(diǎn)、除尖角Report報(bào)告8.1Reportthenumberoftests,theirmeanandrange,andforcoatingsystems,wherethefailureoccurredthatis,betweenfirstcoatandsubstrate,betweenfirstandsecondcoat,etc.記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)次及相關(guān)意思和范圍，對(duì)于涂層系統(tǒng)，失效發(fā)生在哪里，發(fā)生在第一個(gè)涂層和基體之間，還是在第一與第二涂層之間。8.2Forfieldtestsreportthestructureorarticletested,thelocationandtheenvironmentalconditionsatthetimeoftesting.實(shí)地測(cè)試時(shí)，報(bào)告需注明涂層系統(tǒng)、施工時(shí)間、固化情況。8.3Fortestpanelsreportthesubstrateemployed,thetypeofcoating,themethodofcure,andtheenvironmentalconditionsatthetimeoftesting.記錄測(cè)試板所用的底材，涂層的類型，解決的方法，和實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)的環(huán)境情況。8.4IftheadhesionstrengthofthetapehasbeendeterminedinaccordancewithTestMethodsD1000orD3330,reporttheresultswiththeadhesionrating(s).Iftheadhesionstrengthofthetapehasnotbeendetermined,reportthespecifictapeusedanditsmanufacturer.假如膠帶的附著力已擬定符合D1000或者D3330，記錄附著力等級(jí)的結(jié)果。假如膠帶附著力大小未擬定，記錄所使用的膠帶細(xì)節(jié)及其生產(chǎn)廠家。8.5Ifthetestisperformedafterimmersion,reportimmersionconditionsandmethodofsamplepreparation.假如實(shí)驗(yàn)在浸泡以后再進(jìn)行，記錄浸泡的條件和試樣準(zhǔn)備方法。9.PrecisionandBias8精度和偏差9.1Inaninterlaboratorystudyofthistestmethodinwhichoperatorsinsixlaboratoriesmadeoneadhesionmeasurementonthreepanelseachofthreecoatingscoveringawiderangeofadhesion,thewithin-laboratoriesstandarddeviationwasfoundtobe0.33andthebetween-laboratories0.44.Basedonthesestandarddeviations,thefollowingcriteriashouldbeusedforjudgingtheacceptabilityofresultsatthe95%confidencelevel:在多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行的測(cè)試方法。操作者在6個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)的3個(gè)平板上（各涂層上進(jìn)行一系列附著力測(cè)量，做同一個(gè)附著力測(cè)試。在同一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為0.33,在不同實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)現(xiàn)偏差為0.44.以這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為基礎(chǔ)，以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)當(dāng)用來擬定結(jié)果的可行性有95%的可信度。9.1.1Repeatability—Providedadhesionisuniformoveralargesurface,resultsobtainedbythesameoperatorshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethan1ratingunitfortwomeasurements.反復(fù)性：假定在一個(gè)大表面的附著力是一致的，同一個(gè)操作者兩次測(cè)量得到的結(jié)果差異超過一個(gè)單位等級(jí)，那麼將被認(rèn)為是不可信的。9.1.2Reproducibility—Tworesults,eachthemeanoftriplicates,obtainedbydifferentoperatorsshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethan1.5ratingunits.再現(xiàn)性：取每個(gè)操作者3次測(cè)量的均值，假如得到的兩個(gè)結(jié)果超過1.5個(gè)單位等級(jí)，那麼將被認(rèn)為是不可信的。9.2Biascannotbeestablishedforthesetestmethods.用這些測(cè)試方法不能擬定偏差。TESTMETHODB—CROSS-CUTTAPETEST測(cè)試方法B：劃格法膠帶測(cè)試10.ApparatusandMaterials器具和材料10.1CuttingTool9—Sharprazorblade,scalpel,knifeorothercuttingdevicehavingacuttingedgeanglebetween15and30°thatwillmakeeitherasinglecutorseveralcutsatonce.Itisofparticularimportancethatthecuttingedgeoredgesbeingoodcondition.切割刀具：——鋒利的刀刃、手術(shù)刀、刀或者其他切削設(shè)備（刀刃在15-30度之間），切削單個(gè)切口或多個(gè)切口。切割邊沿情況良好是特別重要的。10.2CuttingGuide—Ifcutsaremademanually(asopposedtoamechanicalapparatus)asteelorotherhardmetalstraightedgeortemplatetoensurestraightcuts.切割指南：假如是手動(dòng)切削，鋼制或其他金屬制的直尺或夾具來保證直線切割。10.3Rule—Temperedsteelrulegraduatedin0.5mmformeasuringindividualcuts.尺子：用刻度為0.5mm10.4Tape,asdescribedin5.3.膠帶：見5.310.5RubberEraser,ontheendofapencil.鉛筆一頭的橡皮擦10.6Illumination,asdescribedin5.5.照明描述見5.510.7MagnifyingGlass—Anilluminatedmagnifiertobeusedwhilemakingindividualcutsandexaminingthetestarea.放大鏡——照明放大器。11.TestSpecimens試樣11.1TestspecimensshallbeasdescribedinSection6.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatmultitipcutters10providegoodresultsonlyontestareassufficientlyplanethatallcuttingedgescontactthesubstratetothesamedegree.Checkforflatnesswithastraightedgesuchasthatofthetemperedsteelrule(10.3).試樣規(guī)定需同第6部分。應(yīng)當(dāng)記錄，只有當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)域足夠平使切口在同一限度接觸底材時(shí)，得到好的結(jié)果。12.Procedure程序12.1Whererequiredorwhenagreedupon,subjectthespecimenstoapreliminarytestbeforeconductingthetapetest(seeNote3).Afterdryingortestingthecoating,conductthetapetestatroomtemperatureasdefinedinSpecificationD3924,unlessD3924standardtemperatureisrequiredoragreed.當(dāng)需要或已達(dá)成協(xié)議時(shí),進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)以前樣本要通過初步測(cè)試（見注3）。通過烘干或涂層檢查，按照D3924（如需要或達(dá)成協(xié)議）中規(guī)定的室溫進(jìn)行膠帶實(shí)驗(yàn)。12.1.1Forspecimenswhichhavebeenimmersed:Afterimmersion,cleanandwipethesurfacewithanappropriatesolventwhichwillnotharmtheintegrityofthecoating.Thendryorpreparethesurface,orboth,asagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.根據(jù)買方和賣方之間雙方達(dá)成的協(xié)議，對(duì)于被浸泡的樣件，浸泡完以后用適當(dāng)?shù)娜軇ú荒軗p害涂層）擦凈表面，然后讓其干燥12.2Selectanareafreeofblemishesandminorsurfaceimperfections,placeonafirmbase,andundertheilluminatedmagnifier,makeparallelcutsasfollows:選擇一個(gè)無瑕疵和表面無小缺陷的區(qū)域，平穩(wěn)地放在照明放大鏡下，按如下所示平行切割：12.2.1Forcoatingshavingadryfilmthicknessuptoandincluding2.0mils(50μm)spacethecuts1mmapartandmakeelevencutsunlessotherwiseagreedupon.使涂層漆膜表面干燥，涉及50um的空間切口距離1mm，有11個(gè)切口，或者協(xié)商擬定。12.2.2Forcoatingshavingadryfilmthicknessbetween2.0mils(50μm)and5mils(125μm),spacethecuts2mmapartandmakesixcuts.Forfilmsthickerthan5milsuseTestMethodA.11漆膜厚度2.0mils(50μm)-5mils(125μm)之間，劃6個(gè)切口，每個(gè)切口間距2mm，涂層漆膜厚度大于5mils用測(cè)試方法A11.

12.2.3Makeallcutsabout20mm(3.4in.)long.Cutthroughthefilmtothesubstrateinonesteadymotionusingjustsufficientpressureonthecuttingtooltohavethecuttingedgereachthesubstrate.Whenmakingsuccessivesinglecutswiththeaidofaguide,placetheguideontheuncutarea.切口長(zhǎng)20mm。勻速的切割漆膜，刀刀見鐵(直透底材表面)12.3Aftermakingtherequiredcutsbrushthefilmlightlywithasoftbrushortissuetoremoveanydetachedflakesorribbonsofcoatings.切完切口以后，用軟刷子或薄紙輕掃，去除剝落的薄片或剝落的涂層。12.4Examinethecuttingedgeand,ifnecessary,removeanyflatspotsorwire-edgebyabradinglightlyonafineoiltone.Maketheadditionalnumberofcutsat90°toandcenteredontheoriginalcuts.檢查切口邊沿，假如需要，使用以前用油石輕微磨擦去除斑點(diǎn)、除尖角；并反復(fù)以上操作，以90°角再次平行等數(shù)切割漆臘，形成井字格12.5Brushtheareaasbeforeandinspecttheincisionsforreflectionoflightfromthesubstrate.Ifthemetalhasnotbeenreachedmakeanothergridinadifferentlocation.像之前同樣用刷子輕刷表面，檢查切口基底的反射，擬定劃痕是否到底，假如沒有，在另一個(gè)地方重新切割。12.6Removetwocompletelapsoftapeanddiscard.Removeanadditionallengthatasteady(thatis,notjerked)rateandcutapieceabout75mm(3in.)long.除去壓敏膠帶上面的兩圈，然后以穩(wěn)定的速率拉開膠帶，剪下長(zhǎng)約75mm膠帶12.7Placethecenterofthetapeoverthegridandintheareaofthegridsmoothintoplacebyafinger.Toensuregoodcontactwiththefilmrubthetapefirmlywiththeeraserontheendofapencil.Thecolorunderthetapeisausefulindicationofwhengoodcontacthasbeenmade.把膠帶中間放在切割處的格子上，用手指壓平，為了保證膠帶與涂層接觸良好，再用鉛筆頂端的橡皮擦用力摩平膠帶，透過透明膠帶析顏色可以幫助我們看出與漆膜接觸的狀態(tài)密實(shí)限度12.8Within90±30sofapplication,removethetapebyseizingthefreeendandrapidly(notjerked)backuponitselfatasclosetoanangleof180°aspossible.在貼上膠帶90±30秒內(nèi)，扯住膠帶懸空的一端，快速地并盡也許保證拉力沿180的方向進(jìn)行撕離膠帶12.9Inspectthegridareaforremovalofcoatingfromthesubstrateorfromapreviouscoatingusingtheilluminatedmagnifier.RatetheadhesioninaccordancewiththefollowingscaleillustratedinFig.1:用照明放大鏡檢查漆膜，根據(jù)脫漆部位與網(wǎng)格區(qū)的關(guān)系按下列說明評(píng)估等級(jí)5BTheedgesofthecutsarecompletelysmooth;noneofthesquaresofthelatticeisdetached.切邊非常光滑，沒有一個(gè)網(wǎng)格方塊脫落4BSmallflakesofthecoatingaredetachedatintersections;lessthan5%oftheareaisaffected.在網(wǎng)格切入點(diǎn)，有微小的鱗片狀漆膜脫落，影響面積為5%。3BSmallflakesofthecoatingaredetachedalongedgesandatintersectionsofcuts.Theareaaffectedis5to15%ofthelattice.漆層沿切入點(diǎn)脫落或在網(wǎng)格線的切入點(diǎn)上有部分或所有脫落，影響面積為5%-15%2BThecoatinghasflakedalongtheedgesandonpartsofthesquares.Theareaaffectedis15to35%ofthelattice.漆層沿切入點(diǎn)大塊脫落或所有脫落或是網(wǎng)格方塊部分或所有脫落。影響面積為15-35%1BThecoatinghasflakedalongtheedgesofcutsinlargeribbonsandwholesquareshavedetached.Theareaaffectedis35to65%ofthelattice.漆層沿切入點(diǎn)大塊脫落或所有脫落或是網(wǎng)格方塊部分或所有脫落，影響面積為35-65%0BFlakinganddetachmentworsethanGrade1.剝落離比等級(jí)1更嚴(yán)重。12.10Repeatthetestintwootherlocationsoneachtestpanel.在每個(gè)測(cè)試面板上，另兩個(gè)不同的位置反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。13.Report報(bào)告13.1Reportthenumberoftests,theirmeanandrange,andforcoatingsystems,wherethefailureoccurred,thatis,betweenfirstcoatandsubstrate,betweenfirstandsecondcoat,etc.報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)量，意義和范圍，涂層系統(tǒng)失敗發(fā)生在哪，第一涂層與底材之間還是第一涂層與第二涂層之間等等。13.2Reportthesubstrateemployed,thetypeofcoatingandthemethodofcure.報(bào)告使用的底材，涂層的類型和解決的方法。13.3IftheadhesionstrengthhasbeendeterminedinaccordancewithTestMethodsD1000orD3330,reporttheresultswiththeadhesionrating(s).Iftheadhesionstrengthofthetapehasnotbeendetermined,reportthespecifictapeusedanditsmanufacturer.假如附著力已根據(jù)測(cè)試方法D1000或者D3330擬定一致，記錄附著力等級(jí)的結(jié)果。假如膠帶附著力大小未擬定，記錄所使用的膠帶具體細(xì)節(jié)及其生產(chǎn)廠家。13.4Ifthetestisperformedafterimmersion,reportimmersionconditionsandmethodofsamplepreparation.假如測(cè)試是在在浸泡以后再進(jìn)行，記錄浸泡的條件和測(cè)試樣品的準(zhǔn)備方法。14.PrecisionandBias8精度和偏差14.1Onthebasisoftwointerlaboratorytestsofthistestmethodinoneofwhichoperatorsinsixlaboratoriesmadeoneadhesionmeasurementonthreepanelseachofthreecoatingscoveringawiderangeofadhesionandintheotheroperatorsinsixlaboratoriesmadethreemeasurementsontwopanelseachoffourdifferentcoatingsappliedovertwoothercoatings,thepooledstandarddeviationsforwithinandbetweenlaboratorieswerefoundtobe0.37and0.7.Basedonthesestandarddeviations,thefollowingcriteriashouldbeusedforjudgingtheacceptabilityofresultsatthe95%confidencelevel:在多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行的測(cè)試方法。操作者在6個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的3個(gè)平板上的涂層上覆蓋一系列附著力，做同一個(gè)附著力測(cè)試。在兩塊板上的4個(gè)不同涂層試用2個(gè)其他的涂層，匯集實(shí)驗(yàn)室之間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為0.37和0.7。以這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為基礎(chǔ)，以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用來鑒定結(jié)果的可行性有95%的可信度。14.1.1Repeatability—Providedadhesionisuniformoveralargesurface,resultsobtainedbythesameoperatorshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethanoneratingunitfortwomeasurements.反復(fù)性：假定在一個(gè)大表面的附著力是一致的，同一個(gè)操作者兩次測(cè)量得到的結(jié)果差異超過一個(gè)單位等級(jí)，那麼將被認(rèn)為是不可信的。14.1.2Reproducibility—Tworesults,eachthemeanofduplicatesortriplicates,obtainedbydifferentoperatorsshouldbeconsideredsuspectiftheydifferbymorethantworatingunits.再現(xiàn)性：取不同的操作者3次或2次測(cè)量的均值，假如得到的兩個(gè)結(jié)果差異超過2個(gè)單位等級(jí)，那麼將被認(rèn)為是不可信的。14.2Biascannotbeestablishedforthesetestmethods.不能用這些測(cè)試方法擬定偏差。15.Keywords關(guān)鍵字15.1adhesion;crosscutadhesiontestmethod;tape;tapeadhesiontestmethod;X-cutadhesiontestmethod附著力、交叉切口附著力實(shí)驗(yàn)方法、膠帶，膠帶附著力實(shí)驗(yàn)方法、X切片附著力測(cè)試方法FIG.1ClassificationofAdhesionTestResults圖表1：附著力實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分類D3359–02ReproducedbyIHSunderlicensewithASTMLicensee=daimlerchyrsleraccount/NotforResale,12/09/202300:34:54MSTNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHSAPPENDIX附錄(NonmandatoryInformation)非強(qiáng)制信息X1.COMMENTARY注釋X1.1Introduction介紹X1.1.1Giventhecomplexitiesoftheadhesionprocess,canadhesionbemeasured?AsMittal(1)12haspointedout,theanswerisbothyesandno.Itisreasonabletostatethatatthepresenttimenotestexiststhatcanpreciselyassesstheactualphysicalstrengthofanadhesivebond.Butitcanalsobesaidthatitispossibletoobtainanindicationofrelativeadhesionperformance.鑒于粘附過程的復(fù)雜性。附著力能被測(cè)量嗎？Mittal指出答案既是肯定的又是否認(rèn)的。其很合理的指出，現(xiàn)階段沒有實(shí)驗(yàn)可以確切的評(píng)估出物理粘合劑的大小，但是可以認(rèn)為，是有也許獲得相對(duì)粘附性能。X1.1.2Practicaladhesiontestmethodsaregenerallyoftwotypes:“implied”and“direct.”“Implied”testsincludeindentationorscribetechniques,rubtesting,andweartesting.Criticismofthesetestsariseswhentheyareusedtoquantifythestrengthofadhesivebonding.Butthis,infact,isnottheirpurpose.An“implied”testshouldbeusedtoassesscoatingperformanceunderactualserviceconditions.“Direct”measurements,ontheotherhand,areintendedexpresslytomeasureadhesion.Meaningfultestsofthistypearehighlysoughtafter,primarilybecausetheresultsareexpressedbyasinglediscretequantity,theforcerequiredtorupturethecoating/substratebondunderprescribedconditions.DirecttestsincludetheHesiometerandtheAdherometer(2).Commonmethodswhichapproachthedirecttestsarepeel,lapshear,andtensiletests.實(shí)際應(yīng)用的測(cè)試方法一般有兩種：含蓄的和直接的。含蓄方法涉及刻痕法或畫線法、摩擦實(shí)驗(yàn)和磨損實(shí)驗(yàn)。當(dāng)這些實(shí)驗(yàn)被用來量化粘附強(qiáng)度時(shí)候，關(guān)于這些實(shí)驗(yàn)的批評(píng)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。但事實(shí)上這并不是他們的目的。含蓄的實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)當(dāng)被用來評(píng)估實(shí)際情況下涂層的性能。另一方面，直接測(cè)量用來測(cè)量附著力。這些類型實(shí)驗(yàn)的重要意義值得探索，重要由于結(jié)果是一個(gè)離散量，涂層在指定的壓力條件下割裂。直接測(cè)試涉及：常用的接近直接測(cè)試方法，剝，剪和拉力測(cè)試。X1.2TestMethods測(cè)試方法X1.2.1Inpractice,numeroustypesoftestshavebeenusedtoattempttoevaluateadhesionbyinducingbondrupturebydifferentmodes.Criteriadeemedessentialforatesttowarrantprocedure;relevancetoitsintendedapplication;repeatabilityandreproducibility;andquantifiability,includingameaningfulratingscaleforassessingperformance.在實(shí)踐中，很多的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法被用于評(píng)估附著力用不同的模式，其中涉及附著力破壞。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)為實(shí)驗(yàn)的本質(zhì)大部分是可被接受的，運(yùn)用明確的程序，預(yù)定相關(guān)應(yīng)用，反復(fù)性和在線性，可定量的狀態(tài)，對(duì)于評(píng)估性能涉及一個(gè)故意義的評(píng)分表。X1.2.2Testmethodsusedforcoatingsonmetalsare:peeladhesionor“tapetesting;”Gardnerimpactflexibilitytesting;andadhesivejointtestingincludingshear(lapjoint)anddirecttensile(buttjoint)testing.Thesetestsdonotstrictlymeetallthecriterialisted,butanappealingaspectofthesetestsisthatinmostcasestheequipment/instrumentationisreadilyavailableorcanbeobtainedatreasonablecost.用在金屬涂層上的測(cè)試方法有：附著力的剝落或膠帶測(cè)試。加德納影響彈性測(cè)試和附著力結(jié)合測(cè)試，涉及剪切力和拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)并不是嚴(yán)格的滿足所列出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但這些實(shí)驗(yàn)是一個(gè)有吸引力的方面,在大多數(shù)情況下,設(shè)備/儀器是現(xiàn)成或可在合理的成本。X1.2.3Awidediversityoftestsmethodshavebeendevelopedovertheyearsthatmeasureaspectsofadhesion(1-5)廣泛的多樣性的測(cè)試方法已經(jīng)被發(fā)展數(shù)年來測(cè)量方面的附著力(1-5)。Theregenerallyisdifficulty,however,inrelatingtheseteststobasicadhesionphenomena.一般很難，但是和基本的附著力現(xiàn)象有關(guān)的。X1.3TheTapeTest膠帶實(shí)驗(yàn)X1.3.1Byfarthemostprevalenttestforevaluatingcoating“adhesion”isthetape-and-peeltest,whichhasbeenusedsincethe1930’s.Initssimplestversionapieceofadhesivetapeispressedagainstthepaintfilmandtheresistancetoanddegreeoffilmremovalobservedwhenthetapeispulledoff.Sinceanintactfilmwithappreciableadhesionisfrequentlynotremovedatall,theseverityofthetestisusuallyenhancedbycuttingintothefilmafigureXoracrosshatchedpattern,beforeapplyingandremovingthetape.Adhesionisthenratedbycomparingfilmremovedagainstanestablishedratingscale.Ifanintactfilmispeeledcleanlybythetape,orifitdebondsjustbycuttingintoitwithoutapplyingtape,thentheadhesionisratedsimplyaspoororverypoor,amorepreciseevaluationofsuchfilmsnotbeingwithinthecapabilityofthistest.到目前為止，評(píng)估涂層附著力最普遍的實(shí)驗(yàn)是膠帶——涂層脫落實(shí)驗(yàn)，從1930年就開始應(yīng)用。最簡(jiǎn)樸的膠帶測(cè)試是在涂層上加壓，當(dāng)膠帶被移走以后，觀測(cè)涂層的抵抗限度。在涂層表面加可評(píng)估的附著力，在使用膠帶前，在切X槽或者交叉的槽在工件表面。附著力根據(jù)評(píng)估等級(jí)評(píng)估。假如完整的涂層被膠帶干凈的脫落，這樣附著力被評(píng)估很弱，在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中沒有更精確的評(píng)估方法。X1.3.2Thecurrentwidely-usedversionwasfirstpublishedin1974;twotestmethodsarecoveredinthisstandard.Bothtestmethodsareusedtoestablishwhethertheadhesionofacoatingtoasubstrateisatanadequatelevel;howevertheydonotdistinguishbetweenhigherlevelsofadhesionforwhichmoresophisticatedmethodsofmeasurementarerequired.Majorlimitationsofthetapetestareitslowsensitivity,applicabilityonlytocoatingsofrelativelylowbondstrengths,andnon-determinationofadhesiontothesubstratewherefailureoccurswithinasinglecoat,aswhentestingprimersalone,orwithinorbetweencoatsinmulticoatsystems.Formulticoatsystemswhereadhesionfa