2022-2023學(xué)年江蘇省南通市海安某中學(xué)高一年級(jí)上冊(cè)第一次月考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2022-2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高一年級(jí)階段測(cè)試（一）

英語(yǔ)

第一部分:聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分20分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whichcountrydidthewomango?

A.France.B.China.C.SouthKorea.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:DidyougotoSouthKoreaandChinaduringthesummer,Sara?

W:No,myfatherwantedtogotoEurope.SowewenttoFranceinstead.We'llgotoAsianextsummer.

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whowillmovetoanewplace?

A.Kitty.B.Roger.C.Ann.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:HelloRoger?ThisisAnn.

M:Oh,hi,Ann.Howhaveyoubeen?Andhow'syournewapartmentworkingout?

W:Well,that'swhatI'mcallingabout.Yousee,Ijustcan'tstandKittyanylonger.Therefore,Tvedecidedtolook

foranewplace.

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whencouldtheplansbehandedinatthelatest?

A.OnTuesdayafternoon.

B.OnThursdayafternoon.

C.BeforeTuesdayafternoon.

【答案】B

【解析】

［原文］W:Whenwouldyoulikemetosendthoseplansovertoyouroffice,Mr.Black?

M:ItwouldbegoodifyoucouldgetthemtomebyThursdayafternoon,Ms.Barkley.

W:IthinkIcangivethemtoyouonTuesdayafternoon.

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatarethespeakersdoing?

A.Practicingaplay.

B.Takingawalkdowntown.

C.Filmingamoviescene.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Iusedtolovewalkingdownthesestreets.Now,itfeelslikeI'mastrangerinachild'sdreamsomewhere!

M:Allright,that'sacut.Mandy,Ilovetheemotion,buteverytimeyousaythatlastline,youlookatthecamera.OK,

againfromthetop...

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?

A.Sheisn'talocal.

B.Sheisti*yingtoparkhercar.

C.Shedidn'tseethesign.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Excuseme!Don'tyouknowthatyoucanturnrightwhenthelightisred?It'sjustlikebeingatastopsign

inthatsituation.You'reholdinguptraffic!

W:Oh,Tmsorry.ThelawsaredifferentinMontana...

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

6.Wheredidthewomanstayatnightduringtheholiday?

A.Inatent.B.Inahotel.C.Inafarmhouse.

7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthepeoplethere?

A.Interesting.B.Friendly.C.Honest.

【答案】6.A7.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Goodmorning,Sue!Howisyourholiday?Didyouenjoyit?

W:Yes,Ihadagreattime.IwenttoInnerMongoliawithsomeofmyfriends.Wewentmountainclimbingnear

Baotou,andwestayedinatentatnightandcookedmealsoveranopenfire.

M:Soundscool!Didyoulikethepeoplethere?

W:Yes,theywerenice.Wemetsomefarmersandtheyinvitedustohaveteaintheirhouse.

M:Whataninterestingexperience!

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

8.Whatdoesthemancallthewomanfor?

A.Tohandinhisroommate'spaper.

B.Toaskabouthisroommate'sillness.

CToaskhertoseehissickroommate.

9.Whatdoesthemanhavetodointheafternoon?

AVisitthewoman.B.Meetthesecretary.C.Haveameeting.

【答案】8.A9.B

【解析】

原文】W:DonnaHooverspeaking.

M:Dr.Hoover,mynameisEdgarBush.Myroommate,John,isinyourarthistoryclass.Uh...,ArtHistory502?

W:Yes.

M:Well,heissickandwon'tbeinyourclasstoday.Heaskedmetobringhistermpapertoyouroffice.

W:OK.Thepaperisdueby3o'clock.

M:Ihaveaclassfrom1:00to2:00.Tilbringittoyourofficeaftermyclass.

W:Well,Ihaveameetingthisafternoon.Soyoucandropitoffwiththesecretaryofthearthistorydepartment.She'll

seetoit.

10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.

11.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthefoods?

A.Theyareonsale.

B.Theyareofhighquality.

C.Theycanbestoredforalongtime.

12.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?

A.Callataxiforher.

B.Takeataxiback.

C.Carrythegroceriestothecar.

【答案】10.C11.A12.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Oh,Cindy,yougotsomanythings.Threeshoppingbasketsfilledwithfoods!Howmanydayswillthe

foodslast?

W:Oh,theseareallreduceditemsthatarealmostpasttheir"best-befbredate”.Theydiscountallthesegoodsat10

percentoff.It'sagoodwaytostockuponthingssuchasbeefandcannedfoods.

M:Don'tyouhavetobuyanygreenvegetables?Oh,no,whatalongcheckoutline!Dowehavetostandinthatline?

W:Yes,wedo,butdon'tworry.Thecashiercandealwitheachcustomerveryquickly.Buttoday,sincewecamein

yourMiniCooper,I'mafraidbothofusandthegroceriescan'tfitinyourcar.Couldwepleasetakethetaxiback

instead?

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

13.Whatdidthewomanwatch?

A.Asoapopera.B.Adocumentary.C.Anewsprogram.

14.Whatwasthenewsmainlyabout?

A.PresidentBarackObama'sschedule.

B.ThereleaseofCO2bypowerplants.

C.Aplantofightagainstglobalwarming.

15.Whatisthespeakers9attitudetowardglobalwarming?

A.Indifferent.B.Positive.C.Negative.

16.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?

A.Gotohavesupper.B.Gotohaveadrink.C.Keeptalkingathome.

【答案】13.B14.C15.B16.A

【解析】

【原文】M:Haveyoufinishedwatchingthedocumentaryaboutclimatechange?

W:Yes.ItwasmyfirsttimetowatchthiskindofprogramandIwasdeeplyattractedtoit.Afterwatchingit,Ireally

becameconcernedaboutglobalwarming.

M:Globalwarmingisreallyabigissue.Sowhatareyoudoingnow?

W:I'mreadingsomenewsaboutglobalwarming.AndIreadsomethinggreat.

M:Whatdidyouread?

W:OnMonday,PresidentBarackObamaannouncedanewplantolimitpollutioncreatedbypowerplants.By2030

powerplantswillrelease32%lesscarbondioxidecomparedwiththeamountin2005.

M:Thafsreallygreat.

W:Yes.Idon'tthinkit'stoolatetocontrolglobalwarmingyet.Ifallnationsworktogether,globalwarmingwon'tbe

aproblemforthenextgeneration.

M:Itotallyagree.Oh,it'salready6:00p.m.Whataboutgoingouttoeatnow?

W:Whynot?I'mkindofhungrynow.Andwecankeeptalkingaboutthistopicwhileeatingout.

聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

17.Whopersuadedthespeakertogoonacookerycourse?

A.Hercousin.B.Hersister.C.Hermother.

18.Whichcoursedidthespeakerchoose?

A.Theone-daycourse.B.Thethree-daycourse.C.Theone-weekcourse.

19.Whatsurprisedthespeakerwhenshestartedhercourse?

A.Thecoursewaspopular.

B.Thereweremanyteenagers.

C.Manyteachersweretheretohelp.

20.Whatplacedidthespeakervisit?

A.Arestaurant.B.Amarket.C.Abakery.

【答案】17.A18.C19.C20.B

【解析】

【原文】W:IneverthoughtI'dbethetypetogoonacookerycourse!Mymumandmysisteralwaysusedtolaugh

atme,becausethoughIloveeating,Icouldn'tmakeanythingmyself.Thenonedaymycousindecidedshewanted

tohavecookingclasses.Shedidn'twanttodothemonherown,though.Iagreedtogoalong.Youcoulddo

one-day,three-dayorone-weekcourses.Wethoughtaweekshouldbeenoughtogetusstarted,sowechosethat

duringthesummerholidays.Whenwegotthereonthefirstmorning,loadsofpeoplehadalreadyarrived.Iknewit

wasapopularcourse,withlotsofteenagerslikemethere.WhatIhadn'texpectedwasthatthere'dbesomany

teachers-yougotplentyofhelpthatwayandIcertainlyneededit.Welearnthowtobakeacakeinthefirstclass.

Andthatwasareallygoodwaytogetstarted.Anotherthingwedidwasgooutandvisitplaces.Wedidn'tgoto

anyrestaurants.Therewereafewmarketsnearby.Andwevisitedoneofthebestones.Wepassedacoupleof

supermarketsontheway,butwedidn'tgoin.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

TherearealotofmuseumsinLondon.Ofcourse,thereareworld-famousnamesliketheBritishMuseumand

NaturalHistoryMuseum.Butthentherearemanytinyplainpeculiarmuseumsineverycornerofthecity.

18StaffordTerrace

TheKensingtonaddressprovidesachancetoseealate-Victorian,middle-classhomethathassurvivedlargely

unchanged.Thehousewaspassedonfromonegenerationofthefamilytothenextandalmostalltheoriginal

decorationremainsunchanged.Thehouseclosesduringsummerformaintenance.

Openinghours:2pm一5:30pmWed,Sat,Sun

BrunelMuseum

AnexhibitioncelebratestheThamesTunnelasthebirthplaceofthetubesystem,andtheGreatEastern

steamshipasthefirstmodernoceanliner.ThesiteisaScheduledAncientMonumentandInternationalLandmark

SiteabovetheoldesttunnelintheUnderground,whichtellsthestoryofthemenwhoworkedinthedark,dodging

flamesandrawsewageeveryday.

Openinghours:Daily10am—5pm

TheCinemaMuseum

Thiscollectionofartifacts,memorabiliaandequipmenttellingthehistoryofcinemafromthe1890stothe

presentisopenbytour（advancebookingrequired）whilethemuseumraisesfundstosecureitsfuture.Amongthe

displaysarecinemaseatsandsigns,stillsandposters,projectorsandothermachinery.

Openinghours:11am—5pmMon-Fribyappointmentonly

DennisSevers9House

DennisSevers9Houseisatimecapsuleattractioninwhichvisitorsareimmersedinauniqueformoftheatre.The

tourtakesyouthroughthecellar,kitchen,diningroom,smokingroomandupstairstothebedrooms.Itfeelsasthough

theinhabitantshaddesertedtheroomsonlymomentsbefore.TheDennisSeversHousetourisunsuitableforchildren

astoursareconductedinsilence.

Openinghours:Wed,Fri5pm—9pm

21.IfyouareinterestedinthelifeofVictorian,whichmuseumshouldyouchoosetovisit?

A.18StaffordTerrace.B.BrunelMuseum.

C.TheCinemaMuseum.D.DennisSevers9House.

22.WhatareyourequiredtodobeforevisitingTheCinemaMuseum?

A.Learnthehistoryofcinema.B.Bookahead.

C.Raisemoney.D.Collectposters.

23.Whatdothelistedmuseumshaveincommon?

A.Theyareworld-famous.B.TheyareaccessibleonWednesday.

C.Theyfeaturetubesystem.D.Theyaresuitableforchildren.

【答案】21.A22.B23.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了位于倫敦的四個(gè)博物館。

[21題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)“18StaffordTerracen部分關(guān)鍵句“TheKensingtonaddressprovidesachancetoseea

late-Victorian,middle-classhomethathassurvivedlargelyunchanged."（肯辛頓的住址讓我們有機(jī)會(huì)看到維多利

亞晚期的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)住宅，它基本上沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化。）可知，在18StaffordTerrace我們有機(jī)會(huì)看到維多利亞晚

期的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)住宅，由此可知，如果你對(duì)維多利亞時(shí)代的生活感興趣，你應(yīng)該選擇參觀18StaffordTerrace。

故選A項(xiàng)。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"TheCinemaMuseum”部分關(guān)鍵句“Openinghours:11am-5pmMon-Fribyappointmentonly”

（開(kāi)放時(shí)間：周一至周五上午11點(diǎn)至下午5點(diǎn)（僅限通過(guò)預(yù)約））可知，只有提前預(yù)約才能參觀TheCinema

Museum,由此可知，參觀TheCinemaMuseum之前，你需要提前預(yù)訂。故選B項(xiàng)。

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“18StaffordTerrace”部分關(guān)鍵句“Openinghours:2Pm-5:30pmWed,Sat,Sun”（開(kāi)放時(shí)

間：星期三、星期六、星期日下午2:00-5:30）可知，18StaffordTerrace的開(kāi)放時(shí)間中包含星期三；根據(jù)“Brunel

Museum”部分關(guān)鍵句aOpeninghours:Daily10am-5pm”（開(kāi)放時(shí)間：每天上午10點(diǎn)至下午5點(diǎn)）可知，

BrunelMuseum的開(kāi)放時(shí)間中也包含星期三；根據(jù)"TheCinemaMuseum”部分關(guān)鍵句“Openinghours:11am-5

pmMon.Fribyappointmentonly"（開(kāi)放時(shí)間：周一至周五上午11點(diǎn)至下午5點(diǎn)（僅限通過(guò)預(yù)約））可知，

TheCinemaMuseum的開(kāi)放時(shí)間中也包含星期三；根據(jù)“DennisSevers'House”部分關(guān)鍵句Openinghours:

Wed,Fri5Pm?9pm”（開(kāi)放時(shí)間：星期三、星期五下午5:00-9:00）可知，DennisSevers'House的開(kāi)放時(shí)間中

也包含星期三，綜上所述，文中列出的博物館的共同點(diǎn)是它們都可以在星期三進(jìn)入?yún)⒂^。故選B項(xiàng)。

B

OnSeptember18,2020,peoplegatheredonthestepsoftheUSSupremeCourtinWashington,DC,singing

songslikeAmazingGrace.Someplacedtwinklingcandlesonthesteps.Othersleftflowersandmessages.Theywere

theretomourn（哀悼）thedeathofRuthBaderGinsburg,whopassedawayattheageof87.

Ginsburgwasthesecond-everfemalejustice（法官）ontheUSSupremeCourt,themostpowerfulcourtinthe

UnitedStates.Sheservedinthatpositionfrom1993untilherdeath.Duringherlongcareer,JusticeGinsburgfought

forwomen'sequalityandhumanrightsforeveryone.

Becauseshewasawoman,shehadmanybaniersplacedinherpathbypeoplewho,atthetime,feltthatwomen

shouldnothavethesamerightsasmen.WhensheattendedHarvardLawSchoolin1956,shewasonlyoneofnine

womeninherclass.Therestoftheclass-541students-weremen.Itwasn'tthatotherwomenweren'tsmartor

talentedenoughtogetin,butbecausetherewasatendencyagainstwomenattendingschoolslikeHarvardLaw,so

manywereturnedawaywhilesimilarlyqualifiedmenwereaccepted.Ginsburgalsofaceddiscrimination（歧

視）becauseshewasJewish.

Ginsburgknewthatmenandwomenareequal.Asalawyerandlaterasajudge,shedevotedherlifetofighting

forthatprinciple.

OneofhermostfamousrulingsasaSupremeCourtjusticeinvolvedtheVirginiaMilitaryInstitute（VMI）,which,

in1996,onlyallowedmalestoattend.Ginsburgwrotearulingthatpersuadedtheotherjusticesthatnotallowing

womenintotheinstitutewasagainstthe14thAmendment（修正案）,whichexplainsthatallpeopleinUShaveequal

rights.Today,about10%ofthestudentsatVMIarefemale.

Ginsburgwassoinspirationalthatpeoplewrotebooks,moviesandsongsabouther.Childrenwentoutfor

Halloweendressedasher,wearingtheblackjusticerobesandwhitecollarsandotherneckpiecessheoftenwore.

24.WhattroubledidGinsburghaveinattendingHarvardLawSchool?

A.Competitionwithqualifiedmen.B.Discriminationagainstfemales.

C.Worryaboutherfuturecareer.D.Lackoftalent.

25.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGinsburg?

A.Influentialandstrong-willed.B.Qualifiedandcreative.

C.Generousanddevoted.D.Ambitiousanddemanding.

26.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.TheUSSupremeCourtneverhadfemalejusticesbeforeGinsburg.

B.ThepercentageoffemalesatVMIishigherthanthatofmales.

C.GinsburgwastheonlyJewishfemaleintheuniversity.

D.PeoplehonoredGinsburginvariousways.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.PursuitofEquality

B.FightingDiscriminationBeyondAilPrice

C.AnAmericanHeroFightingforGenderEquality

D.AnInspirationalJusticeFightingAgainstHerFate

【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是美國(guó)最高法院有史以來(lái)第二位女性大法官Ginsburg的成就及她對(duì)

人們的影響。

【24題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Itwasn'tthatotherwomenweren'tsmartortalentedenoughtogetin,butbecause

therewasatendencyagainstwomenattendingschoolslikeHarvardLaw,somanywereturnedawaywhilesimilarly

qualifiedmenwereaccepted.（這并不是說(shuō)其他女性不夠聰明或才華不足，而是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)有一種反對(duì)女性進(jìn)入

哈佛法學(xué)院這樣的學(xué)校的趨勢(shì)，所以很多人被拒之門(mén)外，而同樣合格的男性卻被錄取了）”可知，Ginsburg

在進(jìn)入哈佛法學(xué)院時(shí)遇到的困難是當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)女性的歧視。故選B。

[25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的"Duringherlongcareer,JusticeGinsburgfoughtforwomen'sequalityandhumanrights

foreveryone.（在她漫長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)生涯中，金斯伯格大法官為婦女平等和每個(gè)人的人權(quán)而奮斗。）”和第四段的

“Asalawyerandlaterasajudge,shedevotedherlifetofightingforthatprinciple.（作為一名律師，后來(lái)成為一

名法官，她將自己的一生都奉獻(xiàn)給了為這一原則而奮斗的事業(yè)。）”可知，她是意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，即strong-willed；

根據(jù)最后一段的"Ginsburgwassoinspirationalthatpeoplewrotebooks,moviesandsongsabouther.Childrenwent

outforHalloweendressedasher,wearingtheblackjusticerobesandwhitecollarsandotherneckpiecessheoften

wore.（金斯伯格是如此鼓舞人心，以至于人們寫(xiě)了關(guān)于她的書(shū)、電影和歌曲。孩子們打扮成她的樣子出去過(guò)

萬(wàn)圣節(jié)，穿著她經(jīng)常穿的黑色法官袍、白色衣領(lǐng)和其他衣領(lǐng)）”可知，她是有影響力的人，即influential,故

選Ao

【26題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“OnSeptember18,2020,peoplegatheredonthestepsoftheUSSupremeCourtin

Washington,DC,singingsongslikeAmazingGrace.Someplacedtwinklingcandlesonthesteps.Othersleftflowers

andmessages.（2020年9月18日，人們聚集在美國(guó)華盛頓特區(qū)最高法院前的臺(tái)階上，高唱《AmazingGrace》

等歌曲。有些人在臺(tái)階上放了閃爍的蠟燭。其他人留下了鮮花和留言）”可知，人們以各種方式紀(jì)念Ginsburg。

故選D。

【27題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的“Ginsburgwasthesecond-everfemalejusticeontheUSSupremeCourt,

themostpowerfulcourtintheUnitedStates.Sheservedinthatpositionfrom1993untilherdeath.Duringherlong

career,JusticeGinsburgfoughtforwomen'sequalityandhumanrightsforeveryone.（金斯伯格是美國(guó)最高法院有

史以來(lái)第二位女性大法官，最高法院是美國(guó)最有權(quán)力的法院。她從1993年起擔(dān)任該職位直到去世。在她漫

長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)生涯中，金斯伯格大法官為婦女平等和每個(gè)人的人權(quán)而奮斗）”可知，本文主要講的是美國(guó)最高法

院有史以來(lái)第二位女性大法官Ginsburg的成就及她對(duì)人們的影響，因此最好的題目是C選項(xiàng)“AnAmerican

HeroFightingforGenderEquality（為性別平等而戰(zhàn)的美國(guó)英雄）”，故選C。

C

Parentingtechniquesmayhavelonglastingconsequencesforbehavior_evenwhenitcomestodogs.

ResearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedtheearlydevelopment,parentingandthefollowing

performanceof98puppieswhounderwentguidedogtraining.Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandless

supportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.Thestudywaspublished

MondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

Mom-pupinteractionswereusedtodefinehowhighlyinvolvedthepuppy'smotherswere.Puppiesraisedwith

highlyinvolvedmothersweremorelikelytobereleased-ordroppedoutfromtheguidedogprogram-comparedto

thosewithlessattentivemothers.

“Toomuchofagoodthingcanbeabadthing,“saidleadstudyresearcherEmilyBray.Althoughthestudy

couldn'tdefinitelypointtowhatwasdrivingthiseffect,“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehaving

overbearing（專(zhuān)橫的）mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmful

totheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthe

mothersarealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed,sheexplained.

“WhatIwashappyaboutwasthatthereisastudybeingdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesindogs,“another

researcherDoloresHolesaid.uIfthemomistryingtoprotectherpupsagainstsmallchallenges,thentheywillnotbe

suitedfbrthebigchaHenges.”

Thestudyincludedthreebreeds（品種）:Germanshepherds,LabradorretrieversandGoldenretrievers.The

puppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowash

outfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.

Asforwhetherthefindingscanbeappliedtohumanbabiesofso-called''helicopterparents,Braywashesitant.

“Ithinkpeoplecandrawparallels（相似之處）,butIthinkyoualsohavetobecarefulbecausetheyaredifferent

species,“shesaid.

Sheadded,uThenicethingaboutdogsisthattheyarealotlesscomplicatedthanhumans.^^

28.Whatmakessuccessfulguidedogsaccordingtothestudy?

A.Lessattentiveowners.B.Morepracticaltraining.

C.Lesssupportivemothers.D.Moretenseenvironment.

29.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Thenecessityofmom-pupinteractions.

B.Somecharacteristicsofgoodguidedogs.

C.Thesignificanceofhighparentalinvolvement.

D.Potentialcausesofsomepuppies'poorperformance.

30.WhatcanweknowaboutLabradorretrieversinthestudy?

A.Theychoosetostay.B.Theyfailtobequalified.

C.Theyrisetochallenges.D.Theyareeasytonotice.

31.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Parentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogs

B.Guidedogsarelesscomplicatedthanhumans

C.Researchershelpraisepublicawarenessofblindpeople

D.Astudyisdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesofhumanbabies

【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章向讀者分析了犬類(lèi)早期家庭教育對(duì)于其后天能力形成及個(gè)體發(fā)展的影響。

通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行闡述，并探討了這一結(jié)論是否能被應(yīng)用于人類(lèi)身上這一點(diǎn)。

【28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremore

likelytobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.（從母親那里獲得更多獨(dú)立性和較少支持狗更有可能成功成為

導(dǎo)盲犬。）”可知，來(lái)自母親的支持更少的狗狗更可能成為一條成功的導(dǎo)盲犬。故選C。

【29題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearing（專(zhuān)橫的）mothersarenever

giventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomein

theirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealsothe

mostanxiousorstressed.（一種可能是，那些有專(zhuān)橫的母親的狗從來(lái)沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)自己處理小挑戰(zhàn)，這對(duì)它們以后

的行為和解決問(wèn)題的結(jié)果是有害的。另一種可能是，總是有媽媽在身邊的小狗也是最焦慮或壓力最大的。）”

可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了有一些狗狗不能成為導(dǎo)盲犬的原因，即第四段主要分析了使得狗寶寶表現(xiàn)不佳的原

因。故選D。

【30題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Thestudyincludedthreebreeds（品種）：Germanshepherds,Labradorretrieversand

Goldenretrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labrador

retrieverstendedtowashoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.（該研究的研究對(duì)象包括

三個(gè)品種：德牧、拉布拉多和金毛。這些幼犬從出生后幾周就被跟蹤觀察了數(shù)年。有趣的是，拉布拉多獵

犬往往會(huì)被淘汰，而金毛往往會(huì)成功。）”可知，拉布拉多獵犬往往會(huì)被淘汰，而金毛往往會(huì)成功。故選B。

[31題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)舉例分析了父母早期教育對(duì)于犬類(lèi)日后成長(zhǎng)發(fā)展的影響，并探討了不同教

育對(duì)于犬類(lèi)的不同影響。A選項(xiàng)uParentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogs.（育兒技巧也適用于導(dǎo)盲犬）”

最能概括文章內(nèi)容。故選A。

D

Whycan'twestoplongingforthegoodolddays

Peopleinmanycountriesarelongingforthegoodolddays.Butwhenexactlywerethegoodolddays?Podcaster

JasonFeiferdevotedanepisodeofhisprogramtothisquestion.Themostpopularanswerseemedtobethe1950s,so

Mr.FeiferaskedhistorianswhetherAmericansinthatdecadethoughtitwasparticularlypleasant.Definitelynot.In

the1950s,Americansociologistsworriedthatrampantindividualismwastearingthefamilyapart.Therewere

seriousracialandclasstensions,andeveryonelivedunderthenuclearthreat.

Infact,manyinthe1950sthoughtthatthegoodolddaysweretobefoundagenerationearlier,inthe1920s.But

inthe1920s,childpsychologistJohnWatsonwarnedthatbecauseofincreasingdivorceraces,theAmericanfamily

wouldsoonceasetoexist.ManypeopleatthetimeidealizedtheVictorinnera,whenfamiliesarestrongandchildren

respectedtheirelders.

Whyarehumanbeingsalwayssonostalgiaforpasterasthatseemeddifficultanddangeroustothosewholived

throughthem?Onepossibilityisthatweknowwesurvivedpastdangers,sotheyseemsmallernow.Butwecannever

becertainwewillsolvetheproblemswearefacingtoday.Radiodidn'truintheyoungergeneration,butmaybethe

smartphonewill.

Anotherreasonisthathistoricalnostalgiaisoftencoloredbypersonalnostalgia.Whenwerethegoodolddays?

Wasit,bychance,theincrediblyshortperiodwhenyouhappenedtobeyoung?AU.S.Pollfoundthatpeoplebornin

the1930sand1940sthoughtthe1950swasAmerica'sbestdecade,whilethoseborninthe1960sand1970spreferred

the1980s.

Thiskindofnostalgiahasneurologicalroots.Researchershavefoundthatweencodemorememoriesduring

adolescenceandearlyadulthoodthananyotherperiodofourlives,andwhenwethinkaboutthepast,thisisthe

periodwemostoftenreturnto.Moreover,aswegrowmoredistantfrompastevents,wetendtorememberthemmore

positively.

Obviously,somethingsreadilywerebetterinthepast.Butourinstinctivenostalgiaforthegoodolddayscan

easilydeceiveus,withdangerousconsequences.Longingforthepastandfearofthefutureinhibittheexperiments

andinnovationsthatdriveprogress.

Vaccination,steamengines,railroadsandelectricityallmetwithstrongresistancewhentheywerefirst

introduced.Thepointisn'ttoshowhowsillypreviousgenerationswere.Thesamekindsofanxietieshavebeen

expressedinourowntimeaboutinnovationsliketheinternet,videogamesandstem-cellresearch.

Andnotallfearsaboutthefutureareunbounded.Newtechnologiesdoresultinaccidents,theydisturb

traditionalculturesandhabits,andtheydestroyoldjobswhilecreatingnewones.Buttheonlywaytolearnhowto

makethebestuseofnewtechnologiesandreducerisksisbytrialanderror.Thefuturewon'tbeperfect,butneither

werethegoodolddays.

32.Theword"rampant"inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto

A.limitedB.reasonableC.uncontrolledD.traditional

33.Accordingtothepassage,the1950swasaperiodoftime.

A.whenAmericanfamiliesstillremainedstrongandchildrenrespectedtheirelders

B.thatwasbelievedbyAmericansborninthe1930sandthe1940stobethebestdecade

C.thatsawasharpincreaseinindividualismanddivorcerateinAmericansociety

D.whenradicalandclasstensionsbecamemoreseriousbutpeoplenolongerlivedunderthenuclearthreat

34.Thegoodolddayswereusuallythetimewhenpeoplewereyoungbecause

①peoplehaveabettermemoryofadolescenceandearlyadulthood.

②Moredangerousthingshappenduringtheiryouthandtheylearnedhowtosurvivethem.

(3)Thedangersinyouthweresmallerandeasierforpeopletodealwith.

④peopleremembereventsintheiryouthmorepositivelyastimegoesby.

A.①②B.①③C.①④D.②④

35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastthreeparagraphs?

A.ThecurrentgenerationisnotassillyAsthepreviousgenerations.

B.Itisunwisetobesimplyopposedtoanynewinventionsandtechnologies.

C.Peopleareconstantlydeceivedbytheirinstinctivenostalgiaforthegood