電力專業(yè)英語(yǔ)閱讀與翻譯 課件 13-Overvoltage and Lightning Shielding

電力專業(yè)英語(yǔ)(13)OvervoltageandLightningShielding參考教材：朱永強(qiáng).電力專業(yè)英語(yǔ)閱讀與翻譯.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.Concretely,powersystemareoftensubjectedtoovervoltagesthathavetheirorigininatmosphericdischargesinwhichcasetheyarecalledexternalovervoltages,ortheyaregeneratedinternallybyconnectingordisconnectingthesystem,orduetothesystemfaultinitiationorextinction.嘗試翻譯1.Concretely,powersystemareoftensubjectedtoovervoltagesthathavetheirorigininatmosphericdischargesinwhichcasetheyarecalledexternalovervoltages,ortheyaregeneratedinternallybyconnectingordisconnectingthesystem,orduetothesystemfaultinitiationorextinction.生詞adv.

具體地concretelyn.消滅[除]extinction翻譯具體地，電力系統(tǒng)常常遭受起源于大氣放電的過(guò)電壓，那種情況下稱為外部過(guò)電壓；或者（過(guò)電壓）在內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生，由于連接或斷開系統(tǒng)，或是由于系統(tǒng)故障的產(chǎn)生和消除。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說(shuō)明that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的主體是overvoltages。而inwhichcase引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的主體是整個(gè)that從句，其中whichcase指代that從句的具體內(nèi)容，they指代overvoltages。在ortheyaregeneratedinternally中，they也指代overvoltages，而generated后面除了副詞internally之外還有兩個(gè)由or連接的介賓短語(yǔ)作為狀語(yǔ)，分別以by和dueto開頭。為了便于理解，該句子可以拆解為：Concretely,powersystemareoftensubjectedtoovervoltages;theovervoltageshavetheirorigininatmosphericdischarges;inthiscasetheyarecalledexternalovervoltages;orovervoltagesaregeneratedinternallybyconnectingordisconnectingthesystem;orovervoltagesaregeneratedinternallyduetothesystemfaultinitiationorextinction.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Hence,withincreasingthesystem’soperatingvoltageapointisreachedwhentheswitchingovervoltagesbecamethedominantfactorindesigningthesystem’sinsulationuptoapproximately300kV.嘗試翻譯2.Hence,withincreasingthesystem’soperatingvoltageapointisreachedwhentheswitchingovervoltagesbecamethedominantfactorindesigningthesystem’sinsulationuptoapproximately300kV.生詞n.

主要因素dominantfactor

翻譯因此，隨著系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行電壓提高，達(dá)到一點(diǎn)，此時(shí)操作過(guò)電壓成為高達(dá)300kV左右的系統(tǒng)絕緣設(shè)計(jì)的主要因素。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說(shuō)明出現(xiàn)在介詞with后面的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)increasingthesystem’soperatingvoltage在翻譯時(shí)可以按照主謂結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)理解，即thesystem’soperatingvoltageincreasing。由when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的主體是point，在翻譯是可以進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)序調(diào)整。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Theamplitudesareveryhigh,usuallyintheorderof1000kVandevenmoreintothetransmissionline;eachstrokeisthenmaximuminsulationstrengthoftheoverheadline.嘗試翻譯3.Theamplitudesareveryhigh,usuallyintheorderof1000kVandevenmoreintothetransmissionline;eachstrokeisthenmaximuminsulationstrengthoftheoverheadline.生詞n.

架空線overheadline

翻譯幅度很大，通常進(jìn)入輸電線的在1000kV量級(jí)甚至更多；每一擊都達(dá)到架空線的最大絕緣強(qiáng)度。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說(shuō)明詞組intheorderof表示“在……量級(jí)”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Therateofvoltageriseofsuchatravelingwaveisatitsorigindirectlyproportionaltothesteepnessofthelightningcurrent,whichmayexceed100kA/μs,asthevoltagelevelsmaysimplebecalculatedbythecurrentmultipliedbytheeffectivesurgeimpedanceoftheline.嘗試翻譯4.Therateofvoltageriseofsuchatravelingwaveisatitsorigindirectlyproportionaltothesteepnessofthelightningcurrent,whichmayexceed100kA/μs,asthevoltagelevelsmaysimplebecalculatedbythecurrentmultipliedbytheeffectivesurgeimpedanceoftheline.生詞n.

陡度steepness

翻譯這種行波的電壓上升率起初直接與雷電電流的陡度（可能會(huì)超過(guò)100kA/μs）成正比這是因?yàn)殡妷核娇梢院?jiǎn)單地通過(guò)電流與線路的有效電涌阻抗相乘來(lái)計(jì)算。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說(shuō)明atitsorigin表示“最初”。beproportionalto表示“與…成比例”。which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的主體是steepness，當(dāng)其前后的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系比較緊密時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)可以將這種定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容放在括號(hào)中說(shuō)明。becalculatedby表示“通過(guò)…計(jì)算”，而multipliedby表示“與…相乘”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.ThesetypesofovervoltagesarealsoeffectiveintheLVdistributionsystems,wheretheyareeitherproducedbytheusuallysometimescurrent-limitingswitchesorwheretheyhavebeentransmittedfromtheHVdistributionsystems.嘗試翻譯5.ThesetypesofovervoltagesarealsoeffectiveintheLVdistributionsystems,wheretheyareeitherproducedbytheusuallysometimescurrent-limitingswitchesorwheretheyhavebeentransmittedfromtheHVdistributionsystems.生詞v.傳輸；使通過(guò)transmit翻譯這些種類的過(guò)電壓在低壓配電系統(tǒng)也有影響，在那里它們要么偶爾是由限流開關(guān)引起，要么是從高壓配電系統(tǒng)傳入。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說(shuō)明effective在此表示“有影響的”。either…or…表示“要么…要么…”。兩個(gè)由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的主體都是theLVdistributionsystems。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Adefinitionadoptedbymanyauthorsdescribesatemporaryovervoltage(TOV)asanoscillatoryphase-to-groundorphase-to-phaseovervoltageofrelativelongdurationatagivenlocationwhichisundampedorweaklydampedincontrasttoswitchingandlightningovervoltageswhichareusuallyhighlyorveryhighlydampedandofshorttimes.嘗試翻譯6.Adefinitionadoptedbymanyauthorsdescribesatemporaryovervoltage(TOV)asanoscillatoryphase-to-groundorphase-to-phaseovervoltageofrelativelongdurationatagivenlocationwhichisundampedorweaklydampedincontrasttoswitchingandlightningovervoltageswhichareusuallyhighlyorveryhighlydampedandofshorttimes.生詞v.

阻尼；使衰減damp

BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem被很多作者采用的一個(gè)定義將暫態(tài)過(guò)電壓描述為：在指定位置，具有相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)的持續(xù)時(shí)間，振蕩的，無(wú)阻尼或弱阻尼的，相對(duì)地或相間過(guò)電壓，與通常強(qiáng)阻尼或很強(qiáng)阻尼且為期較短的操作過(guò)電壓和雷電過(guò)電壓相反。翻譯BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說(shuō)明句中出現(xiàn)了兩處相同詞語(yǔ)省略情況。在switchingandlightningovervoltages中省略了switching后面的overvoltages，在highlyorveryhighlydamped中省略了第一個(gè)highly后面的damped。詞組incontrastto表示“與……相反，與相對(duì)”。句子的復(fù)雜之處在于，phase-to-phase后面那個(gè)overvoltage同時(shí)帶有5個(gè)不同結(jié)構(gòu)的定語(yǔ)，分別是①oscillatory，②phase-to-groundorphase-to-phase，③ofrelativelongduration，④atagivenlocation，⑤whichisundampedorweaklydamped。在譯成中文時(shí)，一定要保證句子通順，并盡量符合中文表述習(xí)慣。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem7.Examplesaretheneutraldisplacementinbadlydesignedstar-connectedvoltagetransformers,arcinggroundphenomenainsystemswithinsulatedneutralsandtheresonancephenomenaappearingasaresultoftheopen-circuitingofoneortwophasesinathree-phasesystemwhichcanbeinitiatedbyfaultycircuitbreakersorbrokenconductors.嘗試翻譯7.Examplesaretheneutraldisplacementinbadlydesignedstar-connectedvoltagetransformers,arcinggroundphenomenainsystemswithinsulatedneutralsandtheresonancephenomenaappearingasaresultoftheopen-circuitingofoneortwophasesinathree-phasesystemwhichcanbeinitiatedbyfaultycircuitbreakersorbrokenconductors.生詞n.

諧振，共振resonanceBasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說(shuō)明句子的主語(yǔ)很短，而謂語(yǔ)部分be動(dòng)詞帶了三個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)，每一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都有各自的定語(yǔ)。這種情況下，如果仍按原來(lái)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯，不易保證三個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都與主語(yǔ)有正確的連接關(guān)系。因此，可以Examplesare把就譯為“例如：”，可以涵蓋三個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。翻譯