Unit+4+Scientists+who+changed+the+world+Grammar+and+Usage高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）必修第三冊+

B3U4Grammar過去分詞作定、狀、補語V-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsaworld-changingdiscoverybewidelyconsideredtobe...besurprisedby/atcatchtheattentionofmassproductionbyaccidentfarfromthetruthFortunefavoursthepreparedmind1.改變世界的發(fā)現(xiàn)2.被廣泛認為3.對...感到驚訝4.引起...的注意5.量產(chǎn)6.偶然地，意外地7.與事實相差甚遠8.幸運總是垂青有準備的人UsefulexpressionsFocuson基本用法

V–ed

formsasattributives單個V-ed作定語，常放在被修飾詞之前，V-ed短語作定語時要放在被修飾詞之后。單個V-ed作定語a.及物動詞的-ed形式作定語,一般兼有被動和完成的意義。b.不及物動詞的-ed形式作定語,有主動和完成意義。①agrownwoman一位成年婦女②anescapedprisoner一名逃犯①abrokencup一個破杯子②awoundedsoldier一名傷員▲單個V-ed作定語，原則上是前置的。但有些單個的

V-ed，在習(xí)慣上或因為受到某些限制，則放在被修飾詞之后。1.Hehasspentallthemoneydonated.2.Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindwritten.

3.Whoweretheso-calledguests

invited?

4.Shealwaysatethefoodleft.1.被修飾詞前有all,every等表“全部”概念的詞修飾時；2.被修飾詞前有最高級；3.被修飾語過長或有其他定語；4.習(xí)慣上作后置定語的V-ed(如left“剩下的”)他花光了所有捐贈的錢。這將是這類小說中寫得最好的。昨晚被邀請那些所謂的客人是誰呀?她總吃剩飯。a.thecolorTVset

producedlastyear

=thecolorTVset

thatwasproducedlastyear

去年生產(chǎn)的彩色電視機2.V-ed短語作定語通常后置，其作用相當于定語從句。b.Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.=Someofthem,whowerebornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.

他們當中有一些人，生長在農(nóng)村，從未見過火車。1.Therewasan________(excite)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.2.It’swrongforthe___________(develop)countriestocontroltheworld.3.Ihavecollectedthemoney________(need).4.Thisistheproblem_________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterday.5.The_________(surprise)lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadnotexpectedso.

excited

developed

needed

discussed

surprisedLet’spracticeFocuson基本用法

V–ed

formsasadverbialsTheteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbysomestudents.2.

Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.1.

Askedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.3.

Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.4.

Leftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn'tfeelafraidatall.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.時間原因條件讓步伴隨

V-ed在句中可充當時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語，相當于一個狀語從句；Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn’tfeelafraidatall.

V-ed在句中可充當伴隨或方式狀語，相當于一個并列句；V-ed充當狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。Changethesentencesintocompleteones.1.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.2.Unlessinvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.3.Oncecaughtsmokinginthekitchen,thecookwillbefired.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.UnlessIaminvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.Oncethecookiscaughtsmokinginthekitchen,hewillbefired.V-ed作狀語有時可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞+V-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)，即:while,when,once,as,though,unless,if等連詞)+V-ed。

______fromthetopofthebuilding,theschoollooksbeautiful.______fromthetopofthebuilding,wefoundtheschoolbeautiful.SeenSeeing從樓頂上看，學(xué)?？雌饋砗苊馈Ｎ覀儚臉琼斖驴矗l(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)校很美。

如果句子的主語和分詞是主動關(guān)系，動作正在發(fā)生用V-ing形式。

如果句子的主語和分詞是被動關(guān)系，動作已經(jīng)完成用V-ed形式。1.

__________(compare)ShanghaiwithXi'an,wefoundShanghaiislarger.2._________(compare)withXi'an,Shanghaiislarger.3.______(lose)himselfinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.4.____(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.ComparingLosingLostComparedLet’spracticeFocuson基本用法

V–ed

formsasobjectcomplements?V-ed作賓語補足語表示

被動或完成的意義。?V-ed與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。1.表示感觀、感覺和發(fā)覺的動詞。如：watch,observe,see,hear,listento,feel,notice,find等。①Whenwegottoschool,wesaw

thedoor

locked.②Hefound

hishouse

brokenintowhenhegotbackhome.V-ed作賓語補足語常用于以下幾種情況：當我們到學(xué)校時，我們看見門鎖著?；氐郊宜l(fā)現(xiàn)家被盜。①You'dbetterkeep

theguests

seated.②We'rehavingourcar

repaired.③I'm

trying

toget

thisarticle

finishedforThursday.

④Shehadto

shout

tomakeherself

heardabovethe

sound

ofthe

music.2.表示“致使”意義的動詞。如：have,make,get,keep等。3.表示“希望、愿望、命令”意義的動詞。如：want,expect,wouldlike,wish,order等。①Theteacherwouldn'tlike

theproblem

discussedatthemoment.老師不想此刻討論這個問題。②Iwant

thesuit

madetohisownmeasure.我想要這套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。4.在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中也可用V-ed作賓語補足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。①Themurdererwasbroughtin,with

hishandstiedbehindhisback.②

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.

③

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.

兇手被帶進來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式)水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。(表條件)事情得到解決，我們都回家了。(表原因)FinishB1onP49andtellthefunctionofthev-edforms.1.Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.2.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.定語定語狀語BApplyingtherules4.Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.5.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.補語狀語BApplyingtherulesFinishB1onP49andtellthefunctionofthev-edforms.B2

HenryisreadinganarticleaboutFranklin'skiteexperiment.Completethearticlebelowwiththecorrectverb-edformsorverb-ingforms.BenjaminFranklinwasafamousscientist,writer,printer,inventorandpolitician.Asascientist,hewaswellknownforhiskiteexperiment.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightning(1)

___________(interest)foryears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.Hedesignedanexperimenttoprovehistheory.Heworkedoutthatbyflyingakiteduringathunderstorm,electricitycouldgothroughthewetkitelinedowntotheearth.(2)

_________(know)itwastoodangeroustoholdthewetline,Franklinheldasilkribbon(3)

_____(tie)totheendofit.Hemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.P49B2interestingknowingtiedConductedacceptedarguingThenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.(4)

__________(conduct)onastormydayin1752,hisexperimentprovedlightningwasreallyjustelectricity.Franklinhadhistheory(5)

_________(accept)bymanypeople.However,somepeoplequestionedwhetherhehadactuallydonetheexperiment,(6)

________(argue)thatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.Whateverthetruth,Franklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.topasselectricitythroughsth.sothatitisstoredthere給……充電Ⅱ.用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.Watchingthe__________(finishing/finished)painting,Alicecouldn'thelpsmiling.2.Mostoftheartists__________(inviting/invited)tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.3.DoyoustillremembertheOlympicGames

__________

(held/holding)inBeijingin2008?4.The__________(surprising/surprised)lookonherfacesuggestedthatshehadn'tknownthenewsbefore.5.Therearemany________(fallen/falling)leavesonthestreet.finishedinvitedheldsurprisedfallen6.__________(frighten)bythenoiseoutside,Suedarednotsleepinherbedroom.7.__________(compare)withoursmallflat,Bill'shouseseemedlikeapalace.8.______(face)withsuchadifficulttask,wemustredoubleourefforts.9.________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.10.Theladyreturnedhome,________(follow)bythefamousdetectiveHolmes.FrightenedComparedFacedfollowedOrdered11.Mycomputerbrokedownthismorning,andIwillgetit________(repair)assoonaspossible.12.Wesawthehouse_______(burn)tothegroundwhenwegotthere.13.Whenheenteredtheroom,hefoundthewindow_______(break).14.Shewon'thaveherlongandbeautifulhair_____(cut)short.15.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn'tmakeherself_______(hear).repairedburnedbrokencutheard1.（2020·新課標I卷短文改錯)Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.Ⅰ.實戰(zhàn)高考。fried2.(2020·新課標II卷語法填空)Theyrepresenttheearth_______(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.coming【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋。動詞fry與tomatoes之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用V-ed作定語，故將frying改為fried?！窘馕觥靠疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：它們代表著大地的復(fù)蘇和對新開端的美好祝愿。句中謂語動詞為represent，所以這里為非謂語動詞。名詞earth與comebackto之