句子成分+初升高銜接英語

單元音長元音/a://?://?://i://u:/短元音/?//?//?//i//u//e//?/雙元音/e?//a?//??//a?//??//e?//??//??/元音（20個）清輔音/p//

t//

k//f//θ//s/濁輔音/b//d//g//v//e//z/清輔音/?//t?//tr//ts//

h/濁輔音/?//d?//dr/

/dz//r/鼻音/m//n/

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半元音/w//j/邊音/l/輔音(28個)給下列字母標音

字母音標字母音標字母音標字母音標AaHhOoVvBbIiPpWwCcJjQqXxDdKkRrYyEeLlSsZzFfMmTtGgNnUu/ei//bi://si://di://i://ef//d?i://e?t?//a?//d?e?//ke?//el//em//en//??//pi://kju://ɑ?//es//ti://ju://vi://‘d?blju://eks//wa?//zed//zi:/句子成分Content各個成分句子成分簡介小結(jié)練習句子成分簡介句子成分(MembersofaSentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關系，按照不同的關系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當?，F(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial)和補語（complement）。句子的主要成分為:主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，補語，狀語,同位語Imetmybestfriend,Tom,atthestationyesterday.主語謂語定語賓語同位語地點和時間狀語各個句子成分主語：句子說明的人或事物（句子所敘述的主體）。

能夠充當主語的詞，

通常有名詞，數(shù)詞，不定式，動名詞，主語從句，代詞Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelphispoor.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.形式主語It做形式主語。為避免頭重腳輕和加強句子的緊湊性，用it做形式主語，真正的主語放在后面。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itisnormalthatgirlslikeflowers.Itisourdutytoprotectourenvironment.Ittooktwoworkersthreeweekstobuildthehouse.Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Youarenotfarfromwrong.Threeisenough.Tosayitisonething;todoitisanotherthing.Itwouldbenicetoseehimagain.Watchingafilmisapleasure.Theoldaretoreceivemoremoney.Wheneveryouarereadywillbefine.Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisill.謂語：說明主語所做的動作；謂語通常由動詞和動詞短語來充當，具有各種時態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣的變化1,簡單謂語：有一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2,復合謂語：由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞和實義動詞構(gòu)成。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.及物動詞：后可直接加賓語。如：accept,borrow,buy,discover,forget,cover,love,use,guess,enjoy不及物動詞：后不可加賓語或不可直接加賓語。如：apologize,appear,arrive,go,come,stand,swimTheroomcanholdtwentypeople.Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Helookedaftertwoorphans.HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehascaughtabadcold.Whathappened?Heworkedhardalldaytoday.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.Iamreading.系動詞(不是具體特定的動作)：后加表語，用于描述主語的身份，特征，性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。狀態(tài)系動詞：be{am,is,are,waswere}（是）Heisateacher.持續(xù)系動詞：keep,remain,stay（保持，持續(xù)）Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.表象系動詞:seem,appear,look(似乎，好像，看起來)Helookstired.感官系動詞：feel,look,smell,sound,tasteThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.變化系動詞：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthataccident.終止系動詞：prove,turnout(證實，證明，變成)Thenewsproved/turnedoutfalse.Keep,stay,grow,look,turn,fall,get,go,come也可以做實義動詞：Keep保持，阻止keepsbfromdoingStay留下Grow成長，種植Look看，lookatTurn轉(zhuǎn)變，改變方向Fall落下來Get得到，獲取Go去，come來表語：系動詞之后，說明主語的身份，特征和狀態(tài)。主要有形容詞，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動名詞，分詞，介詞短語及表語從句來充當。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwentyone.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.Timeisup.Theclassisover.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.ThebookiswhatIneed.Weareseven.Isanybodyin?AllIcoulddoistowait.Myanswertohisthreatwastohithimonthenose.Iwassosurprisedatthenews.ThisiswhereIfirstmethim.Ourdreamhascometrue.Hefeltsick.Theygrowcrazyabouttakingphotos.Thechildrenover8areadmittedintothetheater.Therearemanybirdsintheappletree.賓語：動作的對象或承受者。一般位于及物動詞之后，介詞之后也跟賓語。主要有，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動名詞和to不定式及賓語從句來充當后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實義動詞Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday。Hepretendednottoseeme.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithinkthatheisfitforhisoffice.Ifinditimpossibletofinishtheworkintwodays.Wemakeitaruletogetupat7o’clock.形式賓語注意：①有些及物動詞后可跟雙賓語bringsbsth-----bringsthtosb（調(diào)節(jié)位置用to）

give,read,sing,return,show,tell,teach,send等buysbsth------buysthforsb(調(diào)節(jié)位置用for)find,choose等例子：Ireturnthestorybooktohim.Iwillfindanotherchanceforyou.Iwillgetyousometea.Passmethatbook,please.Ihaveboughtyousomefruit.注意②有些動詞后可以跟復合賓語

動詞+賓語+賓補Theyelectedhim

theirmonitor.Ifindthebook

veryinteresting.Passme

thatbook,please.Ihaveboughtyou

somefruit.觀察一下，雙賓語之間的關系和賓語與賓補的關系補語：補充說明主語或賓語的狀態(tài)Hisfathernamedhim

Dongming.Theypaintedtheirboat

white.Letthefreshair

in.Youmustn’tforcehim

tolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawher

enteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelab

ingoodorder.賓語補足語：補充說明賓語的狀態(tài)?？梢愿e補的動詞如下：⑴find(發(fā)現(xiàn)),leave(任由放任),keep(使---保持)

VT+賓語Ifoundthestreetmandead.Youshouldnotkeepmewaitingforyououtdoors.Don’tleavethewaterrunning.doingdoneadjadvprep--⑵feel,see,notice,watch,hear,smell等+賓語+do/doing/doneIsawhim

playbasketballbesidethelakeyesterday.Isawhim

playingbasketballbesidethelake.Isawhim

takenawaybyastranger.⑶make+賓語+do/done/n/adjWemakehim

ourbestfriend.Thestorymademe

sad.Hespokealoudtomakehimself

heard.ImadeTom

cleanthehouseyesterday.Wemakeit

aruletosavesomemoneyeverymonth.⑷getsb

todo=makesb

do=havesb

do=letsb

dogetsth

done=havesth

donewant/force/advise/allow/ask/tell/order/warn/expectsb

todo總結(jié)：當賓補是動詞時，賓語與賓補是主謂關系；Isawhim

playingbasketballbesidethelake.賓補是其他形式是，賓語與賓補是主系表關系。Wemakeit

aruletosavesomemoneyeverymonth.也就是說，句子賓補的形式依據(jù)賓語的要求而定。Ifoundthebookboring.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherabook.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeeptheaccidentasecret.Hermotherdoesn’tallowhertogooutaloneintheevening.ThenamedthechildTom.定語：用來修飾名詞或代詞。作定語的除了形容詞外，還有代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，介詞短語或相當于形容詞的詞或短語。定語有前置定語和后置定語。Gulinisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.ThisisthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.Shelikestheyellowdress.Threepeoplewereabsentfromyesterday’smeeting.Thelibrarytobeopennextmonthisthebiggestofthiscity.Thepictureonthewallwasdrawnbymyson.ThemanupstairsisaprofessorofShandongUniversity.Thecarwhichisparkedoutsideismine.狀語：修飾動詞，形容詞，副