【語法講解】非謂語動詞講解課件

1.todo 2.-ing 3.done謂語：說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。e.g.Heworks.HetakesoftheHewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.students.Youlooksmart.

單謂語或動詞短語情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+v.系動詞+表語非謂語：無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨作謂語，但保留動詞特點，可以有賓語或狀語。e.g. Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.非謂語動詞的分類不定式（todo)非謂語asanoun非謂語

動名詞V-ingV-ed

asadjoradv. 現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞（含短語）returnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethat thebosswantedtoseemeatonce.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Themantalkingwithmyfatherisliveistostruggle. (生活就是斗爭。)√√√√√√√√√√√√√非謂語動詞的句法作用√√√√√√√√√√√√√高考熱點高考熱點非謂語動詞主語賓語表語定語賓補(bǔ)狀語不定式√√動名詞√√√現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞辨析幾類情況：一、不定式與動名詞做主語： 動名詞做主語往往表示泛指的、一般的行為做主語常表示某次具體的行為或?qū)淼膭幼?。e.g.Climbingmountainsisgreatfun.爬山很有趣。TovisitChinaismynextgoal.不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。e.g.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.動名詞作主語有時用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句尾。常見于以下句型中：use/good/fun… useful/nice/useless…e.gIt’sniceseeingyouagain. alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.A.Learn B.Learning C.learn D.BeinglearnedItisnotalwayseasy invitations.A.torefuse B.refusing C.toberefused D.beingrefusedHow theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.A.tosolve B.tobesolved C.beingsolved D.solvingIt forty-fiveminutes therebybus.A.cost,toget B.takes,gettingC.takes,toget D.takes,togettoItisnogood . shouldgive .A.tosmoke,itupB.smoking,itupC.smoking,upit D.tosmoke,upit二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：1下列動詞后常跟不定式做賓語：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。e.g.Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.Theypromisednottobreaktheschoolrulesagain.只能接不定式作賓語的動詞口訣：決定想做計劃需要同意能做被用來做的事迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事決定想做計劃需要同意能做被用來做的事decidetodosth. 決定做某want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事plantodosth. 計劃做某needtodosth. 需要做某事agreetodosth. 同意做某事affordtodo 能做某事beusedtodo 被用來做迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事can’twaittodo 迫不及待地要做某事makeupmindtodo下決心做某usedtodo 過去常常做某事failtodo 未能做某事2.admit,advise,avoid,cannothelp,finish,giveup,imagine.include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insiston,bebeworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,admitto,be/get/becomeusedto,beequalto,devote…to,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo,seeto,leadtopayattentionto等。只能接-ing作賓語的動詞口訣：喜歡花費忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí)錯過建議保持介意值得考慮（押韻）喜歡花費忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí)enjoydoingsth. 喜歡做某事spend...doingsth. 花費…做某事bebusydoingsth. 忙于做…imaginesb.doingsth. 想象…做某事can'thelpdoingsth. 忍不住做某feellikedoingsth. 想要做某事finish doingsth. 完成做某事practicedoingsth. 練習(xí)做某事錯過建議保持介意值得考慮missdoingsth. 錯過做某事suggestdoingsth.建議做某事keep(on)doingsth.保持（繼續(xù)）做某事minddoingsth. 介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事considerdoingsth.考慮做某事介詞+doing?？冀樵~:at,in,onof,off,for,fromup,about,withoutto 等等begoodatdoingsth 擅長做某事beinterestedindoingsth.對做某事感興趣insistondoing 堅持做某事beusedfordoingsth. 被用來做某事thanksb.fordoingsth. 謝謝某人做某betiredofdoingsth. 厭煩做某事beafraidofdoingsth. 害怕做某事putoffdoing 推遲做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth. 阻止某人做某giveupdoingsth. 放棄做某事withoutdoingsth. 沒有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth. 考慮做某事What∕Howaboutdoing 做某事怎么樣此to非彼tolookforwardtodoingsth. （盼望）payattentiontodoingsth. （注意）beusedtodoingsth. （習(xí)慣于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜歡）devotetodoingsth （致力于）makeacontributiontodoing（做貢獻(xiàn)）特殊詞精講:tododoingrememberforger(do在后)要做（do在前）做過stopgoon（兩個字）兩件事（一個字）一件事likehate一次性長期lovetry盡力做嘗試做startbegin一樣一樣stopdoing/todostoptodo 停下來去做另一件事stopdoing 停止正在做的某事。Eg:Theystoptosmoke.我必須戒煙了 Imuststopsmoking.forgetdoing/todoforgettodo 忘記要去做某事forgetdoing 忘記做過某事。Eg：辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動作Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過關(guān)燈的動作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.rememberdoing/todoremembertodo記得去做某事rememberdoing 記得做過某記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接著做另一件事goondoing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。Eg：做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完這個練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.trydoing/todosth.trytodosth. 努力,盡力做某事Althoughmathsisdifficult,Iwilltrytostudyit.trydoingsth.試著做某事Themachinecouldn’twork.Let’stryrepairingit.小試牛刀NowmoreandmorepeoplearebusyInternet.

abouttheA.learn B.tolearn C.learning D.learned2.-It'stoohot.youmind thedoor?- .Pleasedoit.A.toopen;OK B.opening;CertainlynotC.opening;Ofcourse D.toopen;GoodideaNomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep untilwemakeit.A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying-Areyouenjoying inNingbo?-Yes,weare.Verymuch.A.tolive B.living C.lives D.livedcouldn’thelpheardthefunnystory

(laugh)afterweA.tolaugh B.laughingC.laughs D.laughedHegaveussomeadviceonhow English.A.learning B.learnedC.tolearn D.learnItapayandtheyarewaiting .A.pay B.paying C.paid D.tobepaidIdon’tknowwhetheryouhappen ,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A．tobeheard B.tobehearingC．tohear D.tohaveheardIforgot mynamewhenIfinished composition.A.tosign,towriting B.tosign,writingC.signing,writing

thewerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret that.A.todo B.tobedoingC.tohavedone D.havingdone.Shecan’thelp thehousebecausebusymakingacake.A.toclean B.cleaningC.cleaned D.beingcleanedMartinlookssowell.We’veneverseenhimsowellbefore.A.islooked B.islooking C.tolook D.lookMyfatherhasdecidedsmokingisbadforhishealth.

becauseA.tostoptosmoke B.tostopsmokingC.stoppingsmoking D.stoptosmoke14 Itiskind metocarrythesebooks.A.ofyouhelping B.foryoutohelpC.ofyoutohelp D.foryouhelping—Wouldyoubiscuits?

somebreador—Nothanks.Idon’tfeellike anythingA.tohave,eating B.tohave,toeatC.having,toeat D.having,eating—Doyourememberme,—Ah,yes,IrememberedJUSCOlast

youinA.see B.sees C.tosee D.seeing三、不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做表語表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質(zhì)時，不定式和動名詞可以互換。e.g.Myhobbyiscollecting/tocollectancientcoins.若表示具體的、個別的動作或有將來含義時，一般用不定式。e.g.Mywishistofindapart-timejobthissummer.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語具有形容詞特征,作為形容詞。但要注意二者的區(qū)別e.g.Thepartywasveryexciting.Theywereveryexcitedatthenews．Herwishis anA.becoming B.become C.tobecome D.being2.Somegreatestpleasureis .A.fishing B.tofish C.tobefishing D.beingfishThereportwasso thattheywereall .A.inspiring,exciting B.inspiring,excitedC.inspired,excited D.inspired,excitinglookpale.”---“Ifeelalittle .”A.tire B.tired C.tiring D.tiresome四、不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做定語不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示未發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的某一動作。e.g.ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon．Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.動名詞做定語往往說明所修飾詞的某種用途放在被修飾詞的前面。e.g.awashingmachine（動名詞做定語，=amachinewhichisusedforwashing）洗衣機(jī)areadingroom（動名詞做定語，=aroomwhichisusedforreading）閱覽室現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動、正在進(jìn)行的動作。分詞作定語則表示被動、或完成的意義。單個分詞或形容詞性的分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞的前面；分詞短語作定語多置于被修飾詞后面。e.g.therisingsun（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，=thesunwhichisrising）正在升起的太陽thechangingworld（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，=theworld whichischanging）變化中的世界amovingmovie感人的電影excitedvoice激動的聲音（形容詞性分詞作定語）fallenleaves落葉abrokencup一個破了的杯子（過去分詞作定語則表示被動、或完成）Shesaidshehad aimportantmeeting .A.toattendin B.toattend C.attend D.attendingHeisalwaysthefirst questions.A.toanswer B.answeringC.tobeanswered D.beingansweredTheOlympicGames intheyear2012willbe greatsuccess.A.beingheld B.tobeheldC.held D.toholdThefirsttextbooks forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thA.havingwritten B.tobewrittenC.beingwritten D.writtenAtpresent,Englishisthemainsubject here.A.tobetaught B.beingtaughtC.teaching D.tobeteaching---"Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner?"---"Agroup itselftheLeagueforpeace."A.calling B.calls C.called D.iscalledThepen belongstome.A.whichitisonthetable B.lyingonthetableC.isonthetable D.whichonthetable五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做補(bǔ)足語在“動詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，“賓語+不定式”構(gòu)成了復(fù)合賓語。有些動詞要求不定式不帶to，有些要求必須帶to有的帶與不帶都可以。 以下動詞后常跟帶符號to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語：ask,tell,want,wish,persuade,advise,warn,encourage,cause,require等。e.g.Thedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.我們希望他留下來接受這個職位。接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞口訣：請求與命令想要邀請期待鼓勵與建議答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助請求與命令asksb.todosth.請求某人做某事tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事想要邀請期待鼓勵與建議wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助promisesb.todo 答應(yīng)某人做某事warnsb.nottodosth.告誡某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事有些感官動詞和使役動詞，如see,watch,feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento,let,havemakekeep,get等后常跟不帶符號to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，常表動作的整個過程。e.g.Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.我們留意到他進(jìn)了那所房子。Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.老板讓他們一天干12小時工作。省略to的情況:使役動詞和感官動詞后：一感二聽三讓四看feel/hear,listento/let,make,have,/lookat,see,watch,noticehadbetter（not）dosth最好(不)做…whynot/whydon’tyoudosth為什么不做…?helpsb.（to）dosthrather寧愿做…wouldyouplease情態(tài)動詞+do助動詞+do牛刀小試MymotheroftenasksmeSundays

somecleaningonAdo B.does C.did D.todo–DoyouoftenhearJohn–Listen!Nowwecanhearhim

inhisroom?inhisroom.A.sing,tosing B.sing,singC.sing,singing D.tosing,singingIwatchedher inthenextroomlastnight.A.dancing B.todance C.dances D.danceLet’s swimmingaftertheexam.A.go B.goes C.togo D.wentYou’dbetter abus.A.tocatch B.catch C.catches catchingThedoctoradvisedLaoLi morerest.A.thatheget B.togetC.wouldget D.getSoontheysawtheboy inthecrowd.A.disappear B.todisappearC.disappears D.disappearedBirdsareseldomheard atnight.A.sing B.singingC.tosing D.tobesinging現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)足語分兩種情況：形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語：e.g.Ifindthebookveryinteresting.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書非常有趣。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）Theboyisfoundveryannoying.發(fā)現(xiàn)這個小男孩很令人討厭。（主語補(bǔ)足語）動詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語：感官動詞和使役動詞，如see,watch,feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento,let,have,make,keep,get等后可以跟表示動作性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，表示“正在或持續(xù)做某事”。e.g.Iseehimpassingbyabank.我看見他正經(jīng)過一家銀行。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）Hewasseenworkinginthegarden.有人看見他正在花園里干活。（主語補(bǔ)足語）Hekeptme formanyhours.A.towait B.havingbeenwaitedC.waiting D.waitedMothercaughttheboy inA.smoke B.tosmokeC.smoking D.beingsmokedHavingreadtheEmperor'sNewClothes,weallfoundit .A.interest B.interestedC.interesting D.tointerest區(qū)分下列詞組:seesb.doing/dosth.hearsb.doing/dosth.watchsb.doing/dosth.noticesb.doing/dosth.see,watch,lookatnotice,listento,feel+do表示動作的完整性，+doing表示動作的進(jìn)行性。注意：被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。過去分詞(done態(tài)，與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，其前的賓語是它的邏輯主語。示動作已經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語動詞）。若是不及物動詞的過去分詞，則只表示完成。補(bǔ)足語。Thebossfoundhisplancarriedoutsuccessfully.Theboywasfoundlostintheforest.HaveyouheardthissongsunginJapanese?(賓補(bǔ))ThissongisoftenheardsungeverywhereinChina.(主補(bǔ))Ineedthischapter beforeA.rewriting B.rewrittenC.rewrite D.towriteagainWhenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething .A.tosteal B.losingC.missed D.stolenTherewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldnotmakehimself .A.beingheard B.heardC.hearing D.hear六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做狀語不定式做狀語，主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因以及評論性狀語。不定式往往放在系表結(jié)構(gòu)后面，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因。e.g.ShewassurprisedtoseeJimwalkin.看到吉姆進(jìn)來，她很驚訝。不定式可以單獨作目的狀語，有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，在不定式前可以加上insoas。e.g.Tosucceed,onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself.Inordertokeepwarm,weshutallthewindows.六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做狀語不定式表結(jié)果，常用在too…to,enough…to結(jié)構(gòu)中。有時不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。e.g.Thechildisoldenoughtodresshimself.Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.Thehusbandlefthiswife,nevertoreturn.有些不定式是用來表示說話者的觀點或態(tài)度的，放在句子之外，修飾整個句子，我們稱之為評論性狀語。e.g.Ihaveneverseensuchaperson,totellyouthetruth.Tocutalongstoryshort,wedisagree.長話短說，我們不同意。Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbeverysorry .A.forleaving B.ofleavingC.toleave D.leftIwenttoseehim himout.A.finding B.findC.onlytofind D.onlyfound現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語可表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、方式、目的以及作評論性狀語等?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作時間狀語，往往表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或相繼發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時間狀語，往往表示動作先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。e.g.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedforjoy.Havingfinishedhisspeech,heansweredourquestions.作原因狀語：Livingfarfromtheschool,Ihavetogetupearlyinthemorning.作結(jié)果狀語，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分詞短語表示直接造成的結(jié)果。e.g.Thefirelastedawholenight,causinggreatdamage.作伴隨或方式狀語，表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的另一動作。e.g.FollowingTom,westartedtoclimb.我們跟隨湯姆開始爬山。Shecameridingabrand-newbike.她騎著一輛嶄新的自行車來的現(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語往往具有伴隨性，多放于句尾，且與主句間用逗號隔開。e.g.Janekeptsilent,tryingnottoshowherfeelings.作評論性狀語，有些慣用的分詞短語在句中可以獨立存在，它們用來修飾全句，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等。generallyspeakingstrictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格說來roughlyspeaking大致說來narrowlyspeaking狹義上說judgingfrom/by由…判斷。e.g.Judgingfromheraccent,shemustcomefromAustralia. thecryforhelp,peopleimmediatelyrushedoutoftherooms.A.hear B.HearingC.Havingheard D.Theyhearing Hello,hereachedouthishand.A.Said B.SayingC.about D.to過去分詞在句中可作時間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式等狀語。 有時還可以置于主語和謂語之間。Askedabouthisaddress,theboydidn’trespond.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.作原因狀語，常置于句首。InfectedwiththeH1N1,thelittleboywasseparatedfromtheotherchildren.作條件狀語：Unitedwestand;dividedwefall.合則立，分則敗。作伴隨或方式狀語：Thepopstarhurrieduptoherfollowedbyherfans. fromthetallestbuilding,thewholecitylooksverybeautiful.A.See B.SawC.Seeing D.Seen thepast,ourlifeismuchA.Comparingwith B.BecomparedwithC.comparewith D.Comparedwith非謂語動詞題的做題技巧非謂語動詞題的做題技巧下面從二個方面來探究非謂語動詞下面從二個方面來探究非謂語動詞的解題方法：非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則非謂語動詞解題四大步驟一.非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則英語非謂語動詞題的七條經(jīng)典原則 原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時表示被動意義。原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere fora spaceflight.A.training B.beingtrainedD.C.tohavetrained tobetrainedD.【解析】由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒A和B另外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”為被動關(guān)系，故選D。thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.C.A.Havingmade B.Makemake D.MakingC.原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.AsthelightturnedIstoodforamoment，not ，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.moved movingC.tomove D. Beingmoved【解析】由于與句子主語之間為主動關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng)時持續(xù)了一會 兒，故用-ing。句意為：當(dāng)信號燈變時，我站在那兒一會兒沒動，心想自己該怎么辦。Hesat

toher

thestairs.tolisten; toclimbteg; to…g…listening; climbD.listening; climbingD【解析】listen是伴隨sat而同時由主語he發(fā)出的，所以用-ing作伴隨狀語；listento后跟不帶to的不定式/-ing作賓補(bǔ)。－,ing形式作伴隨狀語與todo作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語的－ing形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號;而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要比謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生，且前面不能用逗號。用括號里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Shetotheeditor,

thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）Shethetopofthehillandstopped to

onabig)Theworkedlateintonight ,r_ ag. (e)o_,etle. (keep)原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，naturallightduringtheday.

intheA.tolet B.letting C.let D.havinglet【解析]此處用-ing表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingfloodinginthatplace. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個地方洪水泛濫Oilpriceshaverisenby32sincethestartofthe year， arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.haveB.C.toD.tobeHehurriedtothestation,onlytrainhadleft.A.tofind B.findingC.found D.tohavefound

thatthe【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlythatall theticketshad beensoldout.A.totell B.tobetoldC.telling D.told原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動式；如果所涉及的動作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動式.ThetalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle .A.tobeheard B.tohaveheardC.hearing D.beingheard【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見”，故要用被動式，因可排除B和 C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽見”為目的狀語，動當(dāng)時尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選A。Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks

couldbeheardoutsidetheopenedandclosedtobeopenedandclosedbeingopenedandclosedtoopenandclose【解析】of后應(yīng)接-ing，desks與openandclose之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，又因couldbeheard，所以選-ing的被動式表正在被進(jìn)行的動作。Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofind

astranger

atthebackoftheclassroom

hiseyes

uponher.A.seating;fixing B.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixed D.seated;seat vt. Iseatedmyself.

sitting=Iwasseated.fix=Iwasseated.=Isatdown=Isatdown原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致.

Facedwith

abillfor$10,000， .FacedwithJohnhastakenanextrajobFacedwiththebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobanextrajobhasbeentakenanextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn(be)facedwith…

watching

television， .thedoorbellrangthedoorbellringsweheardthedoorbellringweheardthedoorbellringswatching的邏輯主語一定是人，排除選AB；又因在heartoDrings是錯誤的。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或的完成式）othercontinentsformillionsofyears，

has

manyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.A.Beingseparated B.HavingseparatedC.Havingbeenseparated D.tobeseparatedAustraliaseparate是被動關(guān)系，且separatehas之前，所以用-ing的完成被動式作原因狀語。Themanager， itcleartousthathedidn’twith

left

themeetingA.whohasmade B.havingmadeC.made D.makingThemanagermake是主動關(guān)系，且makeleft之前，所以用-ing的完成式作狀語，havingmadewhohadmade...的意思。sbissaidtodo…據(jù)說…—Li

said

abroad.Doyouknowwhatcountry

hestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?ABCABCA.tohavestudied B.tostudyC.tobestudying D.tohavebeenstudying原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動作被動、完成。Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientiststheattendingthe

tthedayaftertomorrowhedayafterA.hold B.holding C.held D.tobehedayaftervisitorsTherearehundredsvisitors

visitors

infrontoftheArtGalleryto havealookatpaintings.A.waited B.towait C.waiting D.waitnevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.

losevt. losesb/sthA.lost B.losing C.tolost D.havelostthefirstthesecondthelast修飾

t

e

paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrived B.arrives C.toarrive arrivingYouarethesecondtomakethatmistake.你是第二個犯這錯誤的人。原則一：用作目的狀語，…原則二：用作伴隨狀語，…原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上用不定式.原則一：用作目的狀語，…原則二：用作伴隨狀語，…原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，…原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，…-ing表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，todo表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，…原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，…原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，…原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，…原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，…原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前，原則上要用完成式（-ing）原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，…原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，…尚未發(fā)生；-ing表示動作正在進(jìn)行：過去分詞表示動作完成，被動。二.非謂語動詞解題四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂語與非謂語” C mnymes,bheslcouldn'tunderstandit.

注意連詞

manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold B.BeingtoldC.Hehadbeentold D.ThoughhewastoldItE

ahotday, we’dbettergoa rainy day; wedecidednottogothere.A.is B.tobe C.D.Itbeing E.Itwas been注意標(biāo)點符號二.分析邏輯主語確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語，特別是當(dāng)非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常是主句的主語，若不然，則得加上自己的邏輯主語，這時就構(gòu)成獨立主格。一般說來,非謂語動詞作定語時，邏輯主語為其所修飾的名詞；作賓語補(bǔ)足語，邏輯主語為賓語補(bǔ)足語之前的賓語；作表語、賓語或狀語時，其邏輯主語通常為主句的主語,（二）找邏輯主語 Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.一般來說，非謂語動詞作狀語,邏輯主語是句子的主語；非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ),邏輯主語是賓語；非謂語動詞作定語邏輯主語是被修飾詞。（三）分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系。 A fromspace,theearthlooksblue. B fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.Seen B.Seeing C.see D.See解析：句1.“地球”被“看起來”，表被動，故選A，用過去分詞表被動。句2. 我們"主動看 "即表主動，故選B。1. B

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