新概念英語第四冊(cè)Lesson+12+Banks+and+their+customers+講義

Lesson12Banksandtheircustomers銀行和顧客Whyistherenorisktothecustomerwhenabankprintsthecustomer'snameonhischeques?Whenanyoneopensacurrentaccountatabank,heislendingthebankmoney,repayment1ofwhichhemaydemandatanytime,eitherincashorbydrawingachequeinfavourofanotherperson.Primarily,thebanker-customerrelationshipisthatofdebtor2andcreditor3--whoiswhichdependingonwhetherthecustomer'saccountisincreditorisoverdrawn4.But,inadditiontothatbasicallysimpleconcept,thebankanditscustomerowealargenumberofobligationstooneanother.Manyoftheseobligationscangiveintoproblemsandcomplicationsbutabankcustomer,unlike,say,abuyerofgoods,cannotcomplainthatthelawisloadedagainsthim.Thebankmustobeyitscustomer'sinstructions,andnotthoseofanyoneelse.When,forexample,acustomerfirstopensanaccount,heinstructsthebanktodebit5hisaccountonlyinrespectofchequesdrawbyhimself.Hegivesthebankspecimens7ofhissignature,andthereisaveryfirmrulethatthebankhasnorightorauthoritytopayoutacustomer'smoneyonachequesonwhichitscustomer'ssignaturehasbeenforged.Itmakesnodifferencethattheforgery8mayhavebeenaveryskilful9one:thebankmustrecognizeitscustomer'ssignature.Forthisreasonthereisnorisktothecustomerinthepractice,adoptedbybanks,ofprintingthecustomer'snameonhischeques.Ifthisfacilitatesforgery,itisthebankwhichwilllose,notthecustomer.GORDONBARRIEandAUBREYL.DLAMONDTheConsumerSocietyandtheLawNewwordsandexpressions生詞和短語currentadj.通用的，流行的accountn.賬戶cashn.現(xiàn)金debtorn.支票debtorn.借方creditorn.貸方obligationn.義務(wù)complicationn.糾紛debitv.把...記入借方specimen6n.樣本forgev.偽造forgeryn.偽造（文件，簽名等）adoptv.采用facilitatev.使便利參考譯文任何人在銀行開一個(gè)活期賬戶，就等于把錢借給了銀行。這筆錢他可以隨時(shí)提取，提取的方式可以是取現(xiàn)金，也可以是開一張以他人為收款人的支票。銀行與儲(chǔ)戶的關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人和債權(quán)人的關(guān)系。究竟誰是債務(wù)人誰是債權(quán)人，要看儲(chǔ)戶是有結(jié)余還是透支。除了這一基本的簡(jiǎn)單的概念外，銀行和儲(chǔ)戶彼此還需承擔(dān)大量義務(wù)。其中許多義務(wù)往往引起問題和糾紛。但是儲(chǔ)戶不能像貨物的買主那樣來抱怨法律對(duì)自己不利。銀行必須遵照儲(chǔ)戶的囑托辦事，不能聽從其他人的指令。比如，儲(chǔ)戶首次在銀行開戶時(shí)，囑咐銀行他的存款只能憑本世人簽字的支票來提取。他把自己簽名的樣本交給銀行，對(duì)此有一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定：銀行沒有任何權(quán)利或理由把儲(chǔ)戶的錢讓偽造儲(chǔ)戶的支票取走。即使偽造得很巧妙，也不能付款，因?yàn)殂y行有責(zé)任辨認(rèn)出其儲(chǔ)戶的簽名。因此，某些銀行已采用把儲(chǔ)戶印在支票上的作法。這種做法對(duì)儲(chǔ)戶毫無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果因這種作法出現(xiàn)了偽造的話，受損失的將不是儲(chǔ)戶，而是銀行。

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1repayment

n.償還，償還款；報(bào)酬參考例句：Iamentitledtoarepaymentforthedamagedgoods.我有權(quán)利索取貨物損壞賠償金。Thetaxauthoritieshavebeenharryingherforrepayment.稅務(wù)局一直在催她補(bǔ)交稅款。2debtor

n.借方，債務(wù)人參考例句：Hecrowdedthedebtorforpayment.他催逼負(fù)債人還債。Thecourtgrantedmealienonmydebtor'sproperty.法庭授予我對(duì)我債務(wù)人財(cái)產(chǎn)的留置權(quán)。3creditor

n.債僅人，債主，貸方參考例句：Thebossassignedhiscartohiscreditor.那工頭把自己的小汽車讓與了債權(quán)人。IhadtorunawayfrommycreditorwhomImadeausuriousloan.我借了高利貸不得不四處躲債。4overdrawn

透支(overdraw的過去分詞)；(overdraw的過去分詞)參考例句：Thecharactersinthisnovelareratheroverdrawn.這本小說中的人物描寫得有些夸張。Hisaccountofthebankrobberyissomewhatoverdrawn.他對(duì)銀行搶案的敘述有些夸張。5debit

n.借方，借項(xiàng)，記人借方的款項(xiàng)參考例句：TowhomshallIdebitthissum?此款應(yīng)記入誰的賬戶的借方？WeunderchargeMr.Smithandhavetosendhimadebitnotefortheextraamount.我們少收了史密斯先生的錢，只得給他寄去一張借條所要欠款。6specimen

n.樣本，標(biāo)本參考例句：You'llneedtweezerstoholdupthespecimen.你要用鑷子來夾這標(biāo)本。Thisspecimenisrichlyvariegatedincolour.這件標(biāo)本上有很多顏色。7specimens

n.樣品(specimen的名詞復(fù)數(shù))；范例；（化驗(yàn)的）抽樣；某種類型的人參考例句：Astronautshavebroughtbackspecimensofrockfromthemoon.宇航員從月球帶回了巖石標(biāo)本。Thetravelerbroughtbacksomespecimensoftherocksfromthemountains.那位旅行者從山上帶回了一些巖石標(biāo)本。來自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》8forgery

n.偽造的文件等，贗品，偽造（行為）參考例句：Thepaintingwasaforgery.這張畫是贗品。Hewassenttopris