高中英語外研版必修四教學(xué)案Module5Section5

[技法指導(dǎo)]1．以地點(diǎn)為寫作對(duì)象的說明文必須先確定一個(gè)觀察點(diǎn)，然后以此為輻射點(diǎn)展開介紹周圍的情況。常見的觀察點(diǎn)包括進(jìn)(入)口、中心處、制高點(diǎn)、顯眼的事物、典型的特征等。2．要想給人一個(gè)完整清晰的地點(diǎn)概念，并不需要把每一個(gè)地點(diǎn)特征都展示出來，而應(yīng)抓住本地點(diǎn)最有代表性的特征。3．合理安排說明順序，有序地介紹說明對(duì)象涉及的具體內(nèi)容。常見的說明順序有由遠(yuǎn)及近、由高及低、由大到小、由左及右、由前及后、由外及里等。4．以地點(diǎn)為寫作對(duì)象的說明文通常按照“總－分”或“總－分－總”的結(jié)構(gòu)形式展開，也就是先概述說明的目的或說明對(duì)象的特征，讓讀者獲得對(duì)說明對(duì)象的總體印象后，再有序地介紹具體內(nèi)容。有時(shí)，在文末可以用總結(jié)性的語句作為文章的結(jié)尾。黃金表達(dá)：教你如何營(yíng)造亮點(diǎn)1．belocated/situatedin;liein;inthenorthof/totheeastof;bejustlike;looklike;asbeautifulasaflower;befamous/well-knownas/for;becomparedto2．Itcoversanareaofabout...squarekilometers.3．Itsareais...squarekilometers.4．Ithasapopulationof.../Itspopulationis...5．Theclimateispleasant./Theaveragetemperatureis.../Thehottestmonthsare...6．Ithasmanyplacesofinterest,suchas.../Theymakethecityatouristattractionbothathomeandabroad.7．It'sanimmenseregion,withaveryvariedlandscape./It'sawonderfulplacewith...8．Itreallydeservesthenameof...[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Sarah打算暑期來北京旅游，來信詢問改建后前門大街的情況。請(qǐng)你寫封回信，簡(jiǎn)單介紹以下內(nèi)容：1．簡(jiǎn)況：長(zhǎng)800余米、600多年歷史、300余家商鋪；2．位置：天安門廣場(chǎng)南面；3．交通：公共汽車17、69、59等路，地鐵2號(hào)線；4．特色：步行街、當(dāng)當(dāng)車、茶館、劇院等。注意：1.詞數(shù)：100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：步行街pedestrianstreet；當(dāng)當(dāng)車trolleycar；地鐵subway[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．詢問askabout2．超過morethan3．位于lie4．方便的convenient5．體驗(yàn)豐富的文化experiencetherichculture第二步：由詞造句1．你還可以坐當(dāng)當(dāng)車去你想去的地方。①Youcanalsotaketrolleycarstogowhereveryou'dliketo.②Youcanalsotaketrolleycarstogotoanyplacewhereyou'dliketo.2．有一些茶館和戲院，你可以散步后到那里去放松自己。①Therearesometeashopsandtheaterswhereyoucanrelaxyourselfaftersomewalk.②Therearesometeashopsandtheatersinwhichyoucanrelaxyourselfaftersomewalk.第三步：連句成篇DearSarah，ThankyouforyourletteraskingabouttherebuiltQianmenStreet.Hereissomethingaboutit.Itismorethan800meterslongwithahistoryofover600yearsand300shopsaroundit.ItliessouthoftheTian'anmenSquareanditstrafficisveryconvenient.YoucantakeseveralbusessuchasNo.17,69,59etc.togetthere.YoucanalsotakeNo.2subway.Therearemanyattractionshere.Forexample,youcanwalkonthepedestrianstreettoexperiencetherichcultureofBeijingandbuysomethingyoulike.Youcanalsotaketrolleycarstogowhereveryou'dliketo.Besides,therearesometeashopsandtheaterswhereyoucanrelaxyourselfaftersomewalk.Lookingforwardtoyourcoming.Yours，LiHua[對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(二十)]Ⅰ.閱讀理解ThiswassomethingthatI'dwantedtodosinceIturned10andbegantoconsidermyself“grownup”．Decidingwheretogowasdifficult.IhadtopicksomewheresmallenoughthatIwouldn'tgettoolost.This，andthefactthatyoucandrinkfromage16,madeVeniceagoodchoiceforourtrip.Theabsenceofcarsmeantthatwewerelesslikelytoberunover,andthelandmarkoftheGrandCanalmadeiteasytofindourwayaround.Veniceissmall,soeverythingiswithinwalkingdistance.Myfriend,Kat,hadbeentherenotlongbefore,andknewthewayaroundabit.Ihadplannedtoeatnothingbutchocolateduringtheholiday.InsteadIfoundmyselflivingonspaghetti.Wespentmostofourdayswanderingaroundwithoutmuchpurpose—Ihaveparentswholiketoseeeverythingiftheystaywithme.Oureveningsweremuchthesame,onlycolder.Ihadbelievedthatwewouldmeetlotsofnewfriends,andmaybeevensomeItalianboys,butbeingunabletospeakawordofthelanguagemadethisdifficult.WefoundalittlesquarefilledwithItalianstudents,butsoonrealizedthattheycameherenottomeetpeoplebuttodrinkwinewiththeirfriends.Wewerelessdisappointedbythisdiscoverythanyouwouldhavethought—itturnsoutthatcheapwinemakesanexcellentreplacementforfriends.Bythecloseoftheseconddaywepaid6togointoachurchandhavealookaround.WevisitedthePeggyGuggenheimMuseumofModernArtthenextday.Iwassurprisedtofindmyselfenjoyingtheart—perhapsbecauseforthefirsttimeIhadn'tbeenforcedintoit.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文介紹了作者在威尼斯旅行的經(jīng)歷。)1．WhydidthewriterchoosetotraveltoVenice?A．Becausetherewassomethinghewantedtodo.B．BecauseVeniceissmallandhewouldn'tgetlostthere.C．Becausehebegantoconsiderhimselfgrownup.D．Becauseheknewthelanguagespokentherewell.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第二段的最后兩句可知作者之所以選擇那里是因?yàn)槟抢锏胤叫?，不容易迷路?．Fromthearticle,wecanknowthat.A．thewriterlikedtheartallthetimeB．thewriterdidn'tlikegoingtothemuseumbeforeC．thewriterwenteverywhereonfootD．thewriterdideverythingalone解析：選B推理判斷題。從最后一句中的“...forthefirsttimeIhadn'tbeenforcedintoit.”可知作者第一次沒被強(qiáng)迫進(jìn)入(博物館)，故可以推出作者以前是不太喜歡去那里的。3．Thewriterwasdisappointedbecause.A．hewanderedaroundwithoutmuchpurposeB．hepaid6togointoachurchC．theItalianboyswerenotinterestedinmakingnewfriendsD．theabsenceofcarsmadehimlesslikelytoberunover解析：選C推理判斷題。從第四段第三、四句可知那些意大利男孩是對(duì)價(jià)格便宜的酒感興趣而不是交朋友。4．Howmanydaysdidthetriplast?A．Oneday.B．Twodays.C．Threedays.D．Fourdays.解析：選C推理判斷題。從第四段倒數(shù)第二、三句“Bythecloseofthesecondday...WevisitedthePeggyGuggenheimMuseumofModernArtthenextday.”不難推知作者在那里待了三天。Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀Asweallknow,differentcountrieshavedifferentcultures.TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestreallydistinguisheachotheralot.1.Theoriginoftheeasternculturesismainlyfromtwocountries:ChinaandIndia.Bothofthetwoculturesarefosteredbyrivers—theYellowRiverinChinaandtheHinduRiverinIndia.2.TheninTangDynastyofChina,theChineseculturegraduallywentoverseastoJapan,mixedintotheJapanesesocietyandshapedtheJapaneseculturenowadays.ThoughabitdifferentfromtheChineseone,itbelongstothesamesystem.WhenthetwomotherriversgavebirthtotheEasternculture,anotherfamousculturewasbroughtupontheMesopotamianPlain—theMesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesofAncientGreeceandAncientRome.3.LiketheChineseculture,theEuropeanonealsocrossedwaters.WhentheBritishsettleddowninAmerica,theirculturewentwiththemovertheAtlanticOcean.SotheAmericanculturedoesn'tdistinguishfromtheEuropeanonealot.4．Takethelanguagesystemforexample.IntheEast,mostlanguagesbelongtothepictographiclanguagewhiletheWesternlanguagesaremostlybasedontheLatinsystem.Othercauseslikehumanracedifferencecountaswell.Butwhat'smore,duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandWest,thetwoculturesseldomcommunicateuntilrecentcenturies.Sotheygrewuptotallyintheirownwayswithalmostnointerference(干擾)fromtheother.Thedifferencesareeverywhere.5.Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldof21stcenturymorecolorful.Theculturalgapshouldnotbetheobstacle(障礙)tothecivilizationofhumanbeing.Itoughttobethemotivationofourgoingfarther.A．Letusworktogethertokeepavarietyofculture.B．Andthesetwoarewell-knownasthebaseoftheEuropeanculture.C．Oneimportantthingistolearnaboutothercultures.D．Theyhelpedthetwoculturesdevelopforcenturiesandformtheirownstyles.E．Theyareobviousandaffectpeople'swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworld.F．Atthesametime,someotherdifferencesaddtotheculturaldifferences.G．Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparatesystemsonthewhole.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，不同的國(guó)家有不同的文化，介紹了東西方的文化的起源、發(fā)展及區(qū)別。)1．解析：選G考查上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系。前后兩句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。根據(jù)上一句話的句意“TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestreallydistinguisheachotheralot.(東西方的文化在很多方面都是不同的)”，這是因?yàn)槭莾蓚€(gè)不同的文化系統(tǒng)。所以答案選G。2．解析：選D考查上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上一句話“Bothofthetwoculturesarefosteredbyrivers—theYellowRiverinChinaandtheHinduRiverinIndia.(這兩種文化都是由中國(guó)的河流黃河和印度的印度河培育的。)”其中有非常關(guān)鍵的詞both,two。另外也根據(jù)意思可以知道答案是選D“Theyhelpedthetwoculturesdevelopforcenturiesandformtheirownstyles.(它們幫助這兩家文化發(fā)展了幾百年，形成了自己的風(fēng)格。)”前后兩句形成一種因果關(guān)系。3．解析：選B考查上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前一句話“ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesofAncientGreeceandAncientRome(這個(gè)文明后來發(fā)展成古希臘和古羅馬的文化)”，其中的關(guān)鍵詞是古希臘和古羅馬，也就是歐洲。所以答案是B“Andthesetwoarewell-knownasthebaseoftheEuropeanculture.(這兩者都是歐洲文化的基礎(chǔ))?！?．解析：選F考查上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下一句話“Takethelanguagesystemforexample.(以語言系統(tǒng)為例)”，表明下面的內(nèi)容是舉例，再根據(jù)“Othercauseslikehumanracedifferencecountsaswell”可以知道，其中的關(guān)鍵詞是difference，所以答案選F“Atthesametime,someotherdifferencesaddtotheculturaldifferences.(同時(shí)，一些其他差異增加了文化差異。)”5．解析：選E考查上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系。畫線部分前后句一起翻譯的意思是“Thedifferencesareeverywhere.Theyareobviousandaffectpeople'swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworld.Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldof21stcenturymorecolorful.(差異無處不在。它們明顯影響人們的思維方式和世界觀，但不同的文化使21世紀(jì)更加多姿多彩。)”畫線部分與前一句的關(guān)系是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，與下一句的關(guān)系是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。Ⅲ.完形填空Thiswasanunforgettableandwonderfulexperience.Ithappenedaboutthreeyearsagoandithashada1effectonme.IwouldliketoshowrespecthereforthetwomenIdonotknow2butwhoseactionsgaveanew3tothewords—kindandgenerous.Iwaswalkingdownabusystreetonacold，windydayinearly4.Ahomelessman,probablyabout60andwithoutwearinganyshoes,was5forchangeonastreetcorner.ABMWcar6ontheothersideofthestreetandanexecutive(主管)whowasperfectlydressedsteppedoutofthecar.Hewasprobablyabout7yearsold.Hewaswearingabluebusinesssuitwithadeepredsilktie.Hewalked8acrossthestreetandovertothehomelessman.Withoutsayinganything,hefirstgavehimalotof9andthenhesatdownandtookoffhisleathergloves(手套)，beautifulblackleathershoesandhisblackdresssocks.Thenhe10themtothehomelessman.Thehomelessmantookthemandstaredwitha(n)11mouth.Ashedroveoff,Icouldn't12thinkingthatitwasprobablythefirsttimehehad13thepedal(踏板)ofthattop-brandBMWcarwitha14foot！Istoodthereandthelooksof15appearedonmyfaceandthehomelessman's.Twomenofaboutthesameage16verydifferentliveshadmetandtheonewhowas17inmaterialshadoffered18thanhisshoes.HehadleftthisBMWcarand19downfromhishighposition.Helifteduptheothermanwhenheofferedrespect,20andrealgenerosity.eq\x(語篇解讀：文章主要講述了作者自己在街上看到的善行，一位富有的老人對(duì)于一位乞討的老人慷慨解囊，并且將自己的手套和襪子都給他取暖，從中告訴我們?nèi)松姓嬲目犊窃鯓拥摹?1．B．badC．strongD．slow解析：選C考查形容詞。light“輕的”；bad“壞的”；strong“強(qiáng)壯的”；slow“緩慢的”。從下一句可以看出這件事對(duì)作者影響很大。haveastrongeffecton...“對(duì)……有很大影響”。故選C。2．A.officiallyB．personallyC．similarlyD．generally解析：選B考查副詞。officially“正式地，官方地”；personally“私自地”；similarly“相似地”；generally“普遍地”。從下文可以推出作者本人(personally)不認(rèn)識(shí)他們。故選B。3．A.benefitB．a(chǎn)ttitudeC．meaningD．a(chǎn)ward解析：選C考查名詞。benefit“利益，好處”；attitude“態(tài)度”；meaning“含義”；award“獎(jiǎng)品”。根據(jù)語境可知作者認(rèn)為他們的行為賦予了善良和慷慨新的意義(meaning)。故選D。4．A.springB．summerC．a(chǎn)utumnD．winter解析：選D考查名詞。spring“春天”；summer“夏天”；autumn“秋天”；winter“冬天”。根據(jù)前文的cold，后文的“l(fā)eathergloves”可知故事發(fā)生在初冬(winter)。故選D。5．A.searchingB．making C．blaming D．begging解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞。search“搜尋”；make“制作”；blame“責(zé)備”；beg“乞討”。根據(jù)句意“一位在街角乞討的老人”可知，故選D。6．A.calledupB．brokeup C．pulledup D．spedup解析：選C考查動(dòng)詞短語。callup“給……打電話；呼吁，喚起”；breakup“解體，關(guān)系破裂”；pullup“(車)停下”；speedup“加速”。根據(jù)句意“一輛寶馬停在了街邊”可知，故選C。7．A.40B．50C．60 D．70解析：選C考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)第二段的“Ahomelessman,probablyabout60”及最后一段的第一句的“Twomenofaboutthesameage”，故選C。8．A.directlyB．usually C．unwillingly D．fluently解析：選A考查副詞。directly“直接地，徑直地”；usually“一般地”；unwillingly“不情愿地”；fluently“流暢地”。根據(jù)句意“老人直接地向乞討的老人走去”可知，故選A。9．A.money B．water C．sand D．oil解析：選A考查名詞。money“錢”；water“水”；sand“沙子”；oil“油”。根據(jù)語境分析可知因?yàn)檠亟制蛴懙睦先艘沐X，所以坐寶馬的老人給他許多錢(money)。故選A。10．A.posted B．handed C．kicked D．threw解析：選B考查動(dòng)詞。post“郵寄”；hand“遞交”；kick“踢”；throw“扔”。根據(jù)語境可知因?yàn)槠蛴懙睦先司驮谏磉叄鴮汃R的老人又是很尊重地送給他，所以選hand“遞過去”。故選B。11．A.closed B．full C．open D．empty解析：選C考查形容詞。closed“關(guān)上的”；full“滿的”；open“開的”：empty“空的”。根據(jù)語境分析可知一個(gè)沿街乞討的老人收到如此的恩惠，只能是眼睛瞪得大大的，張著嘴，看著對(duì)方。故選C。12．A.stand B．delay C．forget D．help解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞。stand“站”；delay“延遲”；forget“忘記”；help“幫助”。根據(jù)句意可知作者情不自禁地想一些事情。固定結(jié)構(gòu)couldn'thelpdoingsth.意為“禁不住地做某事”。故選D。13．A.bended B．cut C．repaired D．pressed解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞。bend“彎曲”；cut“剪切”；repair“修理”；press“按壓”。根據(jù)語境分析可知開寶馬車的老人將鞋和襪子都送人了，所以這也許是第一次光(bare)著腳踩(pressed)汽車的踏板。故選D。14．A.relaxed B．large C．bare D．single解析：選C考查形容詞。解析見上題。relaxed“放松的”；large“大的”；bare“赤裸的”；single“單個(gè)的”。15．A.excitement B．a(chǎn)stonishment C．sadness D．pride解析：選B考查名詞。excitement“興奮”；astonishment“驚奇，令人驚奇的人或事”：sadness“悲傷”；pride“驕傲，自豪”。根據(jù)句意“面對(duì)此情此景，我和乞討老人都很吃驚(astonishment)”，故選B。16．A.but B．orC．a(chǎn)nd D．before解析：選A考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知兩位老人年齡相同，但生活是明顯地不一樣的。故選A。17．A.successful B．careful C．useful D．helpful解析：選A考查形容詞。successful“成功的”；careful“小心的”；useful“有用的”；helpful“有幫助的”。根據(jù)句意“開寶馬的老人在物質(zhì)方面是成功的”可知，故選A。18．A.rather B．more C．other D．better解析：選B考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。ratherthan“而不是，寧可也不愿”；morethan“多于，超出，不僅僅”；otherthan“除了，不同于，非”；betterthan“比……好”。根據(jù)句意“給的不僅僅是鞋”可知，故選B。19．A.broken B．fellC．stepped D．rolled解析：選C考查動(dòng)詞短語。breakdown“機(jī)器出故障，身體垮掉”；falldown“摔下來”；stepdown“走下來，退休”；rolldown“滾下來”。根據(jù)句意可知老人從寶馬車?yán)锍鰜?，并放?stepdown)自己高高在上的身份，幫助需要幫助的人。故選C。20．A.surprise B．disappointment C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．kindness解析：選D考查名詞。surprise“驚喜”；disappointment“失望”；anxiety“緊張”；kindness“友善”。根據(jù)句意可知當(dāng)坐寶馬的老人主動(dòng)給予尊重、仁慈和真正的慷慨時(shí)，他也放下自己高高在上的身份并激勵(lì)了另一個(gè)人。故選D。Ⅳ.語法填空Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys?Theanswerdependslargely1.onculturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptians,greenwasacolor2.which/thatrepresentedthehopeandjoyofspring,whileforMuslims,itmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.DuringtheSpringFestivalinChina,children3.aregiven(give)moneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynations,blueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtopr