Past Simple vs. Past Perfect一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)

Pastsimplevs.pastperfectsimple1.cleanedtheblackboard2.closedthewindow

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

nowhadcleanedtheblackboardclosedthewindowShehadcleanedtheblackboard

before

sheclosedthewindow.After

shehadcleanedtheblackboard,sheclosedthewindow.drankwaterhadrunoutofbreath1.ranoutofbreath2.drankwaterHehadrunoutofbreath

before

hedrankwater.After

hehadrunoutofbreath,hedrankwater.

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

now1.ateanapple2.slept

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

nowhadeatenanapplesleptShehadeatenanapple

before

sheslept.After

shehadeatenanapple

,

sheslept.

2.playedpingpong1.didhishomework

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

now

playedpingponghaddonehishomeworkHehaddonehishomework

before

heplayedpingpong.Afterhehaddonehishomework

,heplayedPingpong.Discussion:ThestructureofthePastperfecttense:（結(jié)構(gòu)）2.ThedefinitionofthePastperfecttense:（定義）主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

(p.p.)定義：過(guò)去完成時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作前常常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。1.在老師進(jìn)入教室前,李磊擦了黑板.LiLei______________(clean)theblackboardbeforetheteachercameintotheclassroom.hadcleaned2.當(dāng)我們到那兒時(shí)火車已經(jīng)離開了。Thetrain__________(leave)whenwearrivedthere.hadleftWeusethepastperfectsimplewhenweneedtomakeitclearthataneventtookplacebeforeanotherpastevent.構(gòu)成：

過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù):1.由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：(1)by+

過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：昨天晚上九點(diǎn)前我已經(jīng)讀完這本小說(shuō)了。Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.

(2)bytheendof+

過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：截止到上學(xué)期末，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了兩千多個(gè)英文單詞了。WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+

過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：上周三以前他們已經(jīng)中了六百棵樹了。TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：(1)賓語(yǔ)從句中:當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：她說(shuō)她以前看過(guò)這電影。Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.

(2)狀語(yǔ)從句中:在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：當(dāng)我到達(dá)車站時(shí)，火車已經(jīng)離開了。WhenI

gotto

thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.他完成作業(yè)以后，就上床睡覺(jué)了。Afterhe

hadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句也可以都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：你來(lái)這兒之前在哪兒學(xué)習(xí)？Wheredidyoustudy(hadyoustudied)beforeyoucamehere?他關(guān)上門，離開了教室。Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.

(3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"我們?cè)鞠Ｍ銜?huì)來(lái)，但你沒(méi)來(lái)。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyou

didn't.

3.根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。昨天我在街上見到了王濤，自從他來(lái)到北京后我們還沒(méi)見過(guò)面。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehecametoBeijing.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空．(10’/1)1.Thepoorgirlneversawhergrandpabecausehe________________(passaway)beforeshewasborn.2.She________already___________(clean)theblackboardbeforeIenteredtheclassroom.hadpassedawaycleanedhad用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空．(10’/1)3.He_______________(turnoff)thelightsbeforehelefttheclassroom.4._________yourparents_______(have)lunchwhenyouarrivedathome?hadturnedoffHadhadToday,Iwatched‘RomanHoliday’withmyfriends.Kittywasthefirstonetoarriveatthecinema.WhenMillieandI_______(arrive),Kitty___________(buy)theticketsalready.SimonandDanielcamenext.BeforeSimonandDaniel_______(come),MillieandI___________(go)togetsomedrinks.ThenallfiveofuswaitedforAmyoutsidethecinema.BeforeAmy_________(arrive),we___________(finish)ourdrinks.Whenwe_______(enter)thecinema,thefilm_____already_______(start).Luckily,wedidn’tmissmuch.arrivedhadfinishedhadgoneenteredarrivedhadstartedhadboughtcameExercises:翻譯句子：1.到上個(gè)月底,你看了多少部英文電影?HowmanyEnglishfilms

hadyouseenbytheendoflastmonth?2.今天上午十點(diǎn)鐘前,他已完成了這項(xiàng)工作。Hehadfinishedtheworkbeforeteno’clockthismorning.3.在我媽媽回來(lái)之前,我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkbeforemymotherreturned.

4.我到運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)時(shí),比賽已經(jīng)開始了ThematchhadalreadybegunwhenIgottotheplayground.5.八點(diǎn)鐘,學(xué)生開始在田里勞動(dòng),這時(shí)雨已經(jīng)停止,太陽(yáng)出來(lái)了。Thestudents

startedworkinginthefieldsateighto’clock.Therainhadstoppedandthesunwasshining.6.在我爸爸搬到這里之前,他已在學(xué)校工作五年了。Myfatherhadworkedintheschoolforfiveyearsbeforehemovedhere.7.昨天我看到了David。自離開學(xué)校以來(lái),我們都沒(méi)有見過(guò)面。I

sawDavidyesterday.Wehadnotseeneachothersinceweleftschool.8.到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療了一萬(wàn)多病人。BytheendofJunetheyhadtreatedover10,000patients.9.他在部隊(duì)干了十年，去年退役了。Hehadservedinthearmyfortenyears

beforeheretired

lastyear.10.他告訴我他從小就認(rèn)識(shí)她。He

toldmethathehadknownhersincehewasachild.11.湯姆乘飛機(jī)回家，他的父親卻已經(jīng)去世了。Tom

flewhome,buthisfatherhadalreadydied.12.我本來(lái)希望昨晚回來(lái)的，但沒(méi)搭上火車。Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,but

Ididn’tcatchthetrain.

13.我們本想早回來(lái)的，但他們不讓我們走。Wehadthoughttoreturnearlybutthey

wouldn’tletusgo.14.我原以為我以前見過(guò)他。IthoughtIhadseenhim

before.15.到他到來(lái)時(shí)，那人已經(jīng)離開了。Bythetimehearrived,themanhadalreadyleft.綜合時(shí)態(tài)填空：1.We____________(learn)2000Englishwordssincewecametothisschool.Theteachersaidwe_____________(learn)2000Englishwordssincethen.We____________(learn)500wordslastterm.We______________(learn)2000wordsbytheendoflastterm.2.He________________(have)ameetingnextweek.He________________(have)ameetingtwoweeksago.Hetoldmehe_______________(have)ameetingtwoweeksbefore.3.________you________(be)totheGreatWall?Theteacheraskedifyou_________________(be)totheGreatWall?havelearnedhadlearnedlearnedhadlearnedwillhavehadhadhadHavebeenhadbeen4.I________________(finish)myhomeworkwhenmyfathergothomeyesterda