初高中銜接英語教材-直接引語和間接引語

初高中銜接教材-----直接引語和間接引語一、定義：直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語，用引號表示。如：TheteachersaidtoTom,“Iwilltellyouasecrettomorrow.”用自己的話引述別人的話，叫間接引語。間接引語其實就是賓語從句。如：TheteachersaidtoTomthatshewouldtellhimasecretthenextday.二、句型：

①直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：

Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.

②直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語

從句.如：

Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.

“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven‘tyou?”mymotherasked.

→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.

“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”

→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.

③直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。

Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.

④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為“tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth.”句型。注意以下幾點1.said/saidto要變成asked/beg/told/order等可跟不定式作賓補的動詞。2.呼語變賓語，please要去掉.

如：“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.

“Bringmeacupoftea,please,”saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.

⑤直接引語如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest+動名詞（或從句）?！比纾?/p>

Hesaid,“Let’sgotothefilm.”→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm..

注意：

直接引語里是：What's

wrong

with???/What's

the

matter?

/What's

the

trouble?/What

has

happened?等特殊疑問句時,間接引語的語序不變。

He

said

to

her“What’s

the

matter

with

you?”他問她“你怎么了？”

→He

asked

her

what

was

the

matter

with

her.

他問她怎么了。

三、相關(guān)變化（一）、人稱變化

人稱變化可以遵循如下順口溜“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”。

“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化，如：

Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.

“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱，或被第二人“你”所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱，如：

HesaidtoKate，"Howisyoursisternow?"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.

“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化，如：

Mr.Smithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.

（二）、時態(tài)變化

直接引語在改為間接引語時，時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。其基本法則和我們學(xué)過的賓語從句的時態(tài)變化一致，也就是說從句時態(tài)要和主句時態(tài)一致。具體變化如下表：一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時過去完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時

1.Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen.（現(xiàn)在完成→過去完成）

2.Shesaid.“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.(一般現(xiàn)在→一般過去)

3.Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend?！?/p>

→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.(一般將來→過去將來)

但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。

①直接引語是客觀真理。如：

“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteachertoldme.

→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。

②直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。如：

Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”

→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.

③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如：

XiaoWangsaid，“IwasbornonApril20,1980.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.

④直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：

Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.

⑤如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：oughtto，hadbetter，usedto)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，（例：could,should,would,might）不再變。如：

Petersaid，“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.

=6\*GB3⑥主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句的時態(tài)無需變化。

“Doesafriendhavetobeaperson?”thewriterasksus.→Thewriterasksuswhether/ifafriendhastobeaperson.

（三）、其它變化

直接引語變間接引語，具有指代性的詞也需要變化，一些具體變化如下：

1.指示代詞this---thatthese---those

2.表示時間的詞now---thentoday---thatday

thisweek(month,etc.)---thatweek(month,etc.)yesterday---thedaybefore

lastweek(month)---theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)ago---threedays(ayear)before

tomorrow---thenext(following)daynextweek(month)---thenext(following)week(month)

3.表地點的詞here---there

4.動詞bring---takecome---go

ExerciseI將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語1.

“I

am

having

supper,”

he

said.

He

said

that

_______

_______

having

supper.2.

“I’ve

seen

the

film,”

Gina

said

to

me.

Gina

_______

me

that

she

_______

_______

the

film.

3.

“I

went

home

with

my

sister,”

she

said.

She

said

that

_______

_______

_______

home

with

her

sister.

4.

The

teacher

said,

“The

sun

is

bigger

than

the

moon.”

The

teacher

said

that

the

sun

_______

bigger

than

the

moon.

5.

“I

met

her

yesterday,”

he

said

to

me.

He

told

me

that

he

_______

met

her

the

day

_______.

6.

“You

must

come

here

before

five,”

he

said.

He

said

that

I

_______

to

go

_______

before

five.

7.

“I

bought

the

computer

two

weeks

ago,”

she

said.

She

said

that

she

_______

bought

the

computer

two

weeks

_______.

8.

“Did

you

read

the

book

last

week?”

he

said.

He

_______

_______

I

had

read

the

book

the

week

_______.

9.

He

said,

“You

can

sit

here,

Jim.”

He

_______

Jim

that

he

_______

sit

there

10.

He

asked,

“How

did

you

find

it,

mother?”

He

asked

her

mother

_______

_______

_______

found

it.

11.

“Where

have

you

been

these

days?”

he

asked.

He

asked

me

_______

_______

_______

been

_______

days.

12

“Do

you

know

where

she

lives?”

he

asked.

He

asked

_______

_______

knew

where

she

_______.

13.

“Keep

quiet,

children.”

he

said.

He

_______

the

children

_______

_______

quiet.

14.

“Don’t

look

out

of

the

window,”

she

said.

She

told

me

_______

_______

_______

out

of

the

window.

15.

“Are

you

interested

in

this?”

he

said.

He

_______

_______

I

was

interested

in

_______.ExerciseII1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatday2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_________throughthestreet_________.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.Mr.Blacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”Mr.Blacksaidthat_________alongway___________.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat_________takeitback__________.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus_____afraidtoleave____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse_______breakinto________._______________________________________________.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”______________