山東工藝美術(shù)學(xué)院《大學(xué)英語》2018-2019學(xué)年期末試卷

山東工藝美術(shù)學(xué)院《大學(xué)英語》2018-2019學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末試卷I.Vocabularyandgrammar(25%)1.EskimosaretotheArcticregion.aindigenousbindifferentcindistinctdindiscreet2.Hethematterinsuchawaythattherewouldbenomisunderstandingofit.adesignedbphrasedcsentencedddevised3.Thejurywereinstructedtotothefacts,andtoignoreanythingthatcouldbedescribedashearsay.arefinebconfinecrestraindconstrain4.Radioastronomyinvestigationsseemtothebesthopesofobtainingsuchproof.aholdoutbholdupcholdondholdover5.Whenpeopleshowrapportwitheachother,theytheirupperbodiestowardeachotherandaligntheirshouldersinparallel.asweepbswivelcswelldsway6.Whenthebosspatsanemployeeontheback,theemployee’stoeswillpigeon-toeinward---aclassicsignofsubmission---andthebosswilltoeout,asignofdominance.ainstantlybinsistentlycinvariablydinsincerely7.Whenthepolicearrivedattheclub,thesuspectshaddisappeared;theyhadprobablybeenbysomeone.atippedasidebtippedoffcshowedoffdtoppleddown8.Onmotor-waysyoucan,atleast,travelfairlysafelyathighspeeds,butmorethannot,thegreaterpartofthejourneyisspentonnarrowbumpyroadswhicharecrowdedwithtraffic.aoftenbseldomcoccasionallydscarcely9.Thistendencytowardirresponsibilityinverymanyofustoday;ourriversarepoisonedbyrecklessdumpingofsewageandtoxicindustrialwastes.aconsistsbpersistscresistsdinsists10.Peoplewhoareusuallycarefultothinkbeforetheyactorspeakmayoccasionallybeguiltyof._____airresponsibilitybresponsibilitycthoughtlessnessdthoughtfulness11.Theairofourcitiesisfilthyanddangeroustobreathefromthebelchingofuncontrolledproductsfromofcoal,cokeoil,andgasoline.acombustionbcommencementccommendationdcombination12.Manythingscangetaperson“down”includingtheweather,theaftertheexcitementandactivityoftheholidays,insufficientsleep,toomuchworkandtoolittletimeinwhichtogetitdone.asetdownbletdowncputdowndbreakdown13.WhichiswhyIwouldcarrythepreservationofappetitetotheextentoffasting,simplybecauseIthinkthatappetiteistoogoodtolose.aillustratebelaboratecliberateddeliberate14.Thiswasthegreatreunion,andeverybodythemselvessilly,andappetitecameintoitsown;thelong-awaitedmealbecameafeasttorememberandanalmostsacredcelebrationoflife.agambledbgallowscgorgeddgasped15.Youdiscoverboredomandmeancomplicationsandthebeginningsofhunger,butyoualsodiscoverthegreatfeatureofpoverty:thefactthatitannihilatesthefuture.aredeemingbesteemingcredeemerdredundant16.WhattimeShanghai?a.doesthenexttrainleaveb.isthenexttraingoingtoleavec.willthenexttrainleaved.isthenexttrainleaving17.fromtheprison,helookedforaplacewherehecouldgetfood.a.Toescapeb.Tohaveescapedc.Escapingd.Havingescaped18.theroomsuddenly,hefoundthemsmoking.a.Toenterb.Tohaveenteredc.Enteringd.Havingentered19.Didyourememberthedoor?a.tolockb.tohavelockedc.lockingd.havinglocked20.Ifyoupasstheexamination,youmustworkhard.a.willb.aregoingtoc.aretod.areaboutto21.Thetree,thegale,hadfallen.a.touprootinb.uprootinginc.beinguprootedbyd.uprootedby22.late,Johnsetoutanhourearlierthanusual.a.Totrytoavoidtobeb.Totryavoidingbeingc.Tryingtoavoidtobed.Tryingtoavoidbeing23.TheboywasapprenticedMr.Smith,acarpenterbytrade.a.forb.underc.atd.to24.Donotbickertriflesorsquabbleamongyourselves.a.onb.forc.overd.at25.Weconfrontedthemurdererwiththebody,hisutterdismay.a.inb.atc.againstd.toII.Dothefollowingclozetest(15%)Whydowemakefriends?Studentsofanimalbehaviourhavepointedoutthatsocialattractionhasanobvious1function:ithelpsaspeciesbothtoprotectandtoreproduceitself.Behaviouristshavepostulatedanaffiliation2,similartothemorefamiliardrivesofhunger,thirstorsex.Butalthoughaffiliativebehaviorsharessomeofthepropertiesassociatedwithbiologicaldrives,Idoubt3ourdesiretomakefriendsisreallymuch4byadaptiveconsiderations.Andifwewanttotalkintermsofdrives,it’sjustasplausibletosuggestthatwerequireacertainamountof5,balancedbetweenthepredictableandthe 6,whichfriendscanprovide.Onthisanalysis,affiliationwouldbeencompassedbyamoregeneral7orexploratorydrive.Infact,studiesoffriendshipseemtoimplicatemorecomplexfactors.Forexample,onefunctionfriendshipseemstofulfillisthatitsupportsthe8wehaveofourselves,and 9thevalueoftheattitudeswehold.Certainlyweappeartoprojectourselves10 ourfriends:severalstudieshaveshownthatwejudgethemtobemorelikeusthanthey(objectively)are.Thissuggeststhatweoughttochoosefriendswhoaresimilartous(‘birdsofafeather’)ratherthanthosewhowouldbe11(‘oppositesattract’),apredictionwhichissupportedby12evidence,atleastsofarasattitudesandbeliefsareconcerned.Inoneexperiment,somedevelopingfriendshipsweremonitored_13first-yearstudentslivinginthesamehostel.Itwasfoundthatsimilarityofattitudeswasagood_14ofwhatfriendshipswouldbe_15bytheendoffourmonths,thoughithadlesstodowithinitialalliances–notsurprisingly,sinceattitudesmaynotbeobvious.III.Readingcomprehension(30%)Passageone:Whatissportsviolence?Thedistinctionbetweenunacceptableviciousnessandagame’snormalrough-and-tumbleisimpossibletomade,orsotheargumentruns.Thispositionmayappealtoourinclinationforlegalism,butthetruthismostofusknowquitewellwhenanactofneedlesssavageryhasbeencommitted,andsportsarelittledifferentfromcountlessotheractivitiesoflife.Thedistinctionisasapparentasthatbetweenadeliberatelyaimedblowandthearmflailingofanathletelosinghisbalance.Whenaplayerballshishandintoafist,whenhedriveshishelmetintoanunsuspectingopponent—inshort,whenhecrossestheboundarybetweenplayinghardandplayingtohurt—hecanonlyintendanactofviolence.Admittedly,violentactsinsportsaredifficulttopolice.Buthere,too,wefindreflectedtheconditionsofeverydaylife.Ambiguitiesinthelaw,confusionatthescene,andthereluctanceofwitnessescloudalmostanyroutineassaultcase.Suchuncertainties,however,havenotpreventedsocietyfromarrestingpeoplewhostriketheirfellowcitizensonthestreet.Perhapsourtroublesstemnotfromthegamesweplaybutratherfromhowweplaybutratherfromhowweplatthem.The1979meetingbetweenhockeystarsfromtheSovietUnionandtheNationalHockeyLeagueprovidedadirecttestoftwoapproachestosport—theemphasisonskill,grace,andfinessebytheRussiansandthestressonbrutalityandviolencebytheNHL.Inastartlingupset,theRussiansembarrassedtheirrough-playingopponentsandexplodedalongstandingmyth:thatsuccessincertainsportsrequiresexcessiveviolence.Violenceapologistscitetwoadditionalarguments.First,theysay,sportsalwayshavebeenviolent;todaythingsarenodifferent.ButargumentsinAmerica’sOldWestweresettledonMainStreetwithsix-guns,andearlycave-dwellerschosetheirwomenwithaclub.Civilizinginfluencesendedthosepractices;yetwearetoldsportsviolenceshouldbetolerated.Thesecondcontentionisthatathletesacceptriskaspartofthegame,and,inthecaseofprofessionals,arepaidhandsomelytodoso.Butcananyoneseriouslyarguethatbeinganathleteshouldrequiretheacceptanceofunnecessaryphysicalabuse?And,exaggeratedasitmayseemthepayofprofessionalathletespresumablyreflectstheirabilities,notapaymentagainstcombatinjuries.“Clearlyweareindeeptrouble,”saysperplexedformerfootballplayerALDerogatis.“Buthowandwhyhasitgottensobad?”1.Accordingtotheauthor,thedistinctionbetweenviolentactsandnon-violentonesinsportsA.impossibletomakeB.notveryclearinanycircumstancesC.tooobvioustoescapeobservationDnotverydifficulttomakeifenoughattentionispaidto2.Asportsviolence“apologist”probablythinksthat.A.violenceinsportsisarareoccurrenceB.violenceinsportsisnotnecessaryC.athletesarepaidenoughfortheirinjuriesDprofessionalathletesenjoyviolence3.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorindicatesthat.A.nothingcanbedoneaboutviolenceinsportsB.footballplayersareconcernedaboutviolenceinsportsC.violenceinsportsisworsenowthaniteverwasD.athletesareconfusedaboutwhatshouldbepermittedinsports4.Theauthorfeelsthat.A.thepersonalitiesofathletesproduceviolentconfrontationB.athletesshouldnothavetoacceptunnecessaryphysicalabuseC.athletessalariesarealreadytoohighD.athletesneedhighersalariestocompensatefortheirinjuries5.Theauthor’smainthoughtisthat.A.violenceinsportsisillegalB.finesseismoreimportantthanaggressionC.athletesshouldnotbeinjuredinsportsD.violenceinsportsisnotnecessaryPassagetwo:Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.But,infact,theoppositeistrue:moreoftenthannot,thingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,self-improvement.Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.6.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecauseA.heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilitiesB.hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfulifheremainssingleC.hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriageD.hefearsthatitwillputanendtohisfun,adventureandexcitement7.Raisingchildren,intheauthor’sopinion,is.A.amoraldutyB.athanklessjobC.arewardingtaskD.asourceofinevitablepain8.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimessternsfrom.A.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance9.Tounderstandwhattruehappinessisonemust.A.haveasmuchfunaspossibleduringone’slifetimeB.makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompainC.putupwithpainunderallcircumstancesD.beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun10.Whatistheauthortryingtotellus?AHappinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain.B.Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness.C.Itisimportanttomakecommitments.D.Itispainthatleadstohappiness.Passagethree:Thepurposeofthehomewastorehabilitatepatientsasfaraspossible,sothattheycouldfacetheharshrealitiesoflifeoutsidehospital.Mostofthemnotonlysufferedfromsomeformofnervousdiseasebuthadotherhandicapsaswell.(Therewerethosewhoweredeaf,thosewhowerepartiallyblind,andthosewhowerepartiallyparalyzed.)Formostofthem,thehospitalhadbeentheirrefugeforsometimeandtheideaofbeingrehabilitatedwassomewhatfrightening.Theydoubtedtheirowncapabilities,andwerenervousoftheeffortwhichwouldberequiredfromthem.Thehomecontainswithinaresearchunitwhichismainlyconcernedwithovercomingthetechnicalproblemswhicharisefromthepatient’sphysicaldisabilities.Fullrehabilitationinvolvesaneedforapatienttobeasindependentaspossiblephysically.Itisintheresearchcenterthatalltypesofelectronicequipmentarepioneered,muchofitexceedinglydelicateandcomplex.OneofthethingsIfoundastonishingasIwatchedwhatwasgoingonintheworkshopwastheeasewithwhichthepatientsbecameaccustomedtotheequipment.Thisofcoursehasthedualeffectofmakingthemphysicallyindependentandgivingthenthepsychologicalsatisfactionofhavingmasteredadifficultproblem.Andthisextraconfidenceis,ofcourse,afurthersteptowardsrehabilitation.WhileIwasthere,Iwasfortunateenoughtobeabletotalktoacoupleofpatients(orratherex-patients)whohadbeenfullyrehabilitatedandwhohadcomebackfortheweekendtovisittheirfriends.One,aformerphysicaleducationteacherwhosufferedfromparalysisfromthewaistdown,wasnowteachinggeneralstudiesinaprimaryschool.Afterhisaccident,hetoldme,hehadhadacompletenervousbreakdownandhadindeedtriedtocommitsuicideseveraltimes.“ButwhenIgothere,Irealizedthattheywereoutinthewolddoingthem,”hesaid.”Yes,IexpectIshallgetdepressionsagain.Youcan’tcompletelycurethatkindofthing.Butthey’llpullmeoutofit,atleastIknowthatnow.”Iaskedhimifhefeltthateveryoneinthehomecouldberehabilitated.“Well,ofcourse,onecan’treally.Therearesomepeopleinherewithreallyterribleproblems.ButIshouldsaythatabout70%ofthemwillbefullyrehabilitatedbythistimenextyear.”Andthatisafantasticclaim,frommyobservationofwhatisgoingon,maywellbesubstantiated.11.The“home”inthispassagerefersto.A.thehospitalB.theplaceawayfromrealityC.theresearchcenterD.therefugecamp12.Theword“rehabilitate”(LineI,paraI)probablymeans.A.overcomephysicaldisabilitiesB.traintogetusedtoanewsituationC.restoretorelativelynormallifed.curenervousdiseases13.Theresearchunitaimstohelppeopleto.A.gainconfidenceabouttheirabilitiesB.becomephysicallyindependentC.solvedifficultproblemsD.makecomplexelectronicequipment14.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheteachermentionedinthispassage?A.Hewasawarethathewasmorefortunatethanothers.B.Hewascuredofhisparalysis.C.Hethoughthighlyoftherehabilitationplace.D.Hehadatrafficaccidentandalmostcommittedsuicide.15.Theauthorthinksthattheteacher’sclaimofthepercentageoffullrehabilitationis.A,pessimisticB.groundlessC.underestimatedD.optimisticPassagefour:Housingisrecognizedasa“sociallydeterminantvariable”.InFrance,housingisthemainitemofexpenditureinthefamilybudget(accountingforanaverageof29percent),andmanyfamilieswouldbeunabletofinddecenthousingwithouthelpfromtheState.Foralongtime,themaimproblemwasthehorsingshortagebutinrecentyearsthedeteriorationofhorsingconditionshasbeengivingevengreatercauseforconcern.Despiteextensiveconstructionprograms,theproblemhaveshiftedoverthepastfewdecadesfromamacroeconomicapproachpromotingconstructiontohousingsubsidies.Thereasonsforthisshiftcanbebetrayedtoadeterminationtolimitpublicspendingandtoavoidsomeoftheperverseeffectsofmacroeconomicpolicies.TheStatehastosomeextentceasedtofinancehousing,especiallytheconstructionofnewprojectswiththeresultthatthecostisnowchieflyanddirectlybornebythefamilybudget.Manyunderprivilegedfamilies,whichwereexcludedfromlow-renthorsingforvariousreasons(selectionoftenants,saturationofexistingcapacity,insolvency),hadnoalternativebuttopurchasetheirownhomeandwereencouragedtodosowithoutrestraintbythetheneasytermsofhousingloans.Thehousingsectorthuscontributedtothedevelopmentofthe“economyofindebtedness”.Itshouldindeedbeemphasizedthat“widespreadhomeownershipthroughrecoursetoborrowingcouldonlybetothedetrimentoflow-incomefamilies”.InBelgium,thequalityofhousing,consideredtheprimeindicatorofhousingdeprivation,leavesmuchtobedesired.Low-renthousingprojectshavebeencutbackaspartoftheausteritypolicypursuedbythenationalandregionalgovernments,andlow-incomehouseholdsarefindingitincreasinglydifficulttofindsomewheretolive.Thenumberofhomelesshasalsotakenonalarmingproportions.Anestimated3000personsspendthenightinrefuges,butthefigureisprobablymuchhigher.Moreover,thenumberofhomelesswomenandyoungpersonsisincreasing.16.Accordingtothepassage,horsingis.A.solvedsociallyandperfectlyC.notdetermininginthesociallifeB.unchangeableD.sociallydeterminantandchangeable17.Inrecentyears,thechiefproblemabouthousingis.A.thehousingshortageC.theimpracticabilityintheconstructionprogramsB.theworseningofhousingconditionsD.thelackofhousingsubsidies18.Themainapproachtakenbygovernmentstohandlethehousingproblemis.A.extensiveconstructionprogramsC.limitingpublicspendingB.housingsubsidiesandloansD.restraininghousingpurchasing19.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?AWidespreadhomeownershipthroughrecoursetoborrowingledtothedetrimentoflow-incomefamilies.B.InBelgium,low-renthousingprojectshavebeencutbackbythenationalgovernmentsforthenumberofhomelesshasdecreasedgreatly.C.Despiteextensiveconstructionprograms,theproblemofhousingforpoorpeoplehasnotbeensolved.D.Maryunderprivil